Biden Regime
Template:Short description Template:Redirect-multi Template:Pp-move-indef Template:Pp-vandalism Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates
| Biden Regime | |
| Biden Regime Official portrait, 2021 | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 20, 2021 | |
| Vice President | Kamala Harris |
| Preceded by | Donald Trump |
| In office January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Dick Cheney |
| Succeeded by | Mike Pence |
| In office January 3, 1973 – January 15, 2009 | |
| Preceded by | J. Caleb Boggs |
| Succeeded by | Ted Kaufman |
| Born | birth_date_and_age}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|ignoreblank=y|preview=Page using Template:Birth date and age with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|unknown=|1|2|3|day|month|year|df|mf}} Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Template:Plainlist |
| Children | Template:Flatlist |
| Occupation | Template:Hlist |
| Signature | Biden Regime's signature |
| Website | Template:Plainlist |
Military Service
| |
| Awards | List of honors and awards |
| Template:Collapsible list | |
Template:Joe Biden series Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.
Born and raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and later in New Castle County, Delaware, Biden studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University in 1968. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator ever when he was elected to the U.S. Senate from Delaware in 1972, at age 29. Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and eventually became its chairman. He also chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995, dealing with drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties issues; led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008. Biden was reelected to the Senate six times, and was the fourth-most senior senator when he became Obama's vice president after they won the 2008 presidential election.
During eight years as vice president, Biden leaned on his Senate experience and frequently represented the administration in negotiations with congressional Republicans, including on the Budget Control Act of 2011, which resolved a debt ceiling crisis, and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which addressed the impending "fiscal cliff". He also oversaw infrastructure spending in 2009 to counteract the Great Recession. On foreign policy, Biden was a close counselor to the president and took a leading role in designing the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq in 2011. In 2017, Obama awarded Biden the Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction, making him the first president to receive it before taking office.
On April 25, 2019, Biden announced his candidacy in the 2020 presidential election. He became the presumptive Democratic nominee in April 2020 and reached the delegate threshold needed to secure the nomination in June 2020. Biden and his running mate Kamala Harris defeated incumbent president Donald Trump and vice president Mike Pence in the general election. Biden is the oldest elected president, the first from Delaware, and the second Catholic. His early presidential activity centered around proposing, lobbying for, and signing into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to help speed up the United States' recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession, as well as a series of executive orders. Biden's orders addressed the pandemic and reversed several Trump administration policies, including by rejoining the Paris Agreement on climate change, reaffirming protections for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals recipients, halting construction of the Trump border wall, ending the Trump travel ban imposed on predominantly Muslim countries, and revoking permits for the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline.
Early life (1942–1965)
- See also: Family of Joe Biden
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Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born November 20, 1942,[1] at St. Mary's Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania,[2] to Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden (née Finnegan) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.[3][4] The oldest child in a Catholic family, he has a sister, Valerie, and two brothers, Francis and James.[5] Jean was of Irish descent,[6][7][8] while Joseph Sr. had English, French, and Irish ancestry.[9][8]
Biden's father had been wealthy, but suffered financial setbacks around the time Biden was born,[10][11][12] and for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal grandparents.[13] Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s and Biden's father could not find steady work.[14] Beginning in 1953, the family lived in an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, before moving to a house in Wilmington, Delaware.[13] Biden Sr. later became a successful used-car salesman, maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle.[13][14][15]
At Archmere Academy in Claymont,[16] Biden played baseball and was a standout halfback and wide receiver on the high school football team.[13][17] Though a poor student, he was class president in his junior and senior years.[18][19] He graduated in 1961.[18] At the University of Delaware in Newark, Biden briefly played freshman football[20][21] and, as an unexceptional student,[22] earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965 with a double major in history and political science, and a minor in English.[23][24] Biden has a stutter, which has improved since his early twenties.[25] He says he reduced it by reciting poetry before a mirror,[19][26] but some observers suggested it negatively affected his performance in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential debates.[27][28][29]
Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1972)
On August 27, 1966, Biden married Neilia Hunter (1942Template:Ndash1972), a student at Syracuse University,[23] after overcoming her parents' reluctance for her to wed a Roman Catholic; the ceremony was held in a Catholic church in Skaneateles, New York.[30] They had three children: Joseph R. "Beau" Biden III (1969Template:Ndash2015), Robert Hunter Biden (born 1970), and Naomi Christina "Amy" Biden (1971Template:Ndash1972).[23]
In 1968, Biden earned a Juris Doctor from Syracuse University College of Law, ranked 76th in his class of 85, after failing a course due to an acknowledged "mistake" when he plagiarized a law review article for a paper he wrote in his first year at law school.[22] He was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1969.[31]
While studying at the University of Delaware and Syracuse University, Biden obtained five student draft deferments from the Vietnam War. In 1968, based on a physical examination, he was given a conditional medical deferment; in 2008, a spokesperson for Biden said his having had "asthma as a teenager" was the reason for the deferment.[32]
In 1968, Biden clerked at a Wilmington law firm headed by prominent local Republican William Prickett and, he later said, "thought of myself as a Republican".[33][34] He disliked incumbent Democratic Delaware governor Charles L. Terry's conservative racial politics and supported a more liberal Republican, Russell W. Peterson, who defeated Terry in 1968.[33] Biden was recruited by local Republicans but registered as an Independent because of his distaste for Republican presidential candidate Richard Nixon.[33]
In 1969, Biden practiced law first as a public defender and then at a firm headed by a locally active Democrat[35][33] who named him to the Democratic Forum, a group trying to reform and revitalize the state party;[36] Biden subsequently reregistered as a Democrat.[33] He and another attorney also formed a law firm.[35] Corporate law, however, did not appeal to him, and criminal law did not pay well.[13] He supplemented his income by managing properties.[37]
In 1970, Biden ran for the 4th District Seat on the New Castle County Council on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburbs.[38][35][39] The seat had been held by Republican Henry R. Folsom, who was running in the 5th District following a reapportionment of council districts.[40][41][42] Biden won the general election, and took office on January 5, 1971.[43][44] He served until January 1, 1973, and was succeeded by Democrat Francis R. Swift.[45][46][47][48] During his time on the county council, Biden opposed large highway projects, which he argued might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods.[49]
1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware
For a more detailed treatment, see 1972 United States Senate election in Delaware.
In 1972, Biden defeated Republican incumbent J. Caleb Boggs to become the junior U.S. senator from Delaware. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs.[35] With minimal campaign funds, he was given no chance of winning.[13] Family members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-face and hand-distributing position papers,[50] an approach made feasible by Delaware's small size.[37] He received help from the AFL–CIO and Democratic pollster Patrick Caddell.[35] His platform focused on the environment, withdrawal from Vietnam, civil rights, mass transit, equitable taxation, health care, and public dissatisfaction with "politics as usual".[35][50] A few months before the election, Biden trailed Boggs by almost thirty percentage points,[35] but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect with voters' emotions worked to his advantage,[15] and he won with 50.5 percent of the vote.[50] At the time of his election, he was still 29 years old, but reached the constitutionally required age of 30 before he was sworn in as Senator.[51]
Death of wife and daughter
On December 18, 1972, a few weeks after the election, Biden's wife Neilia and one-year-old daughter Naomi were killed in an automobile accident while Christmas shopping in Hockessin, Delaware.[23][52] Neilia's station wagon was hit by a semi-trailer truck as she pulled out from an intersection. Their sons Beau (agedTemplate:Nbsp3) and Hunter (agedTemplate:Nbsp2) survived the accident and were taken to the hospital in fair condition, Beau with a broken leg and other wounds, and Hunter with a minor skull fracture and other head injuries.[53] Biden considered resigning to care for them,[15] but Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield persuaded him not to.[54]
Years later, Biden said he had heard that the truck driver allegedly drank alcohol before the collision. The driver's family denied that claim, and the police never substantiated it. Biden later apologized to the family.[55][56][57][58][59]
The accident had filled him with anger and religious doubt. He wrote that he "felt God had played a horrible trick" on him,[60] and he had trouble focusing on work.[61][62]
Second marriage
Biden credits his second wife, teacher Jill Tracy Jacobs, with the renewal of his interest in politics and life;[63] they met in 1975 on a blind date[64] and were married at the United Nations chapel in New York on June 17, 1977.[65][66] They spent their honeymoon at Lake Balaton in the Hungarian People's Republic, behind the Iron Curtain.[67][68] They are Roman Catholics and attend Mass at St. Joseph's on the Brandywine in Greenville, Delaware.[69] Their daughter Ashley (born 1981)[23] is a social worker. She is married to physician Howard Krein.[70] Beau Biden became an Army Judge Advocate in Iraq and later Delaware Attorney General;[71] he died of brain cancer in 2015.[72][73] Hunter Biden is a Washington lobbyist and investment adviser.[74]
From 1991 to 2008, Biden co-taught a seminar on constitutional law at Widener University School of Law.[75] The seminar often had a waiting list. Biden sometimes flew back from overseas to teach the class.[76][77][78][79]
U.S. Senate (1973–2009)
For a more detailed treatment, see United States Senate career of Joe Biden.
Senate activities
In January 1973, secretary of the Senate Francis R. Valeo swore Biden in at the Delaware Division of the Wilmington Medical Center.[80][53] Present were his sons Beau (whose leg was still in traction from the automobile accident) and Hunter and other family members.[80][53] At 30, he was the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history.[81][82]
To see his sons, Biden traveled by train between his Delaware home and D.C.[83]—74 minutes each way—and maintained this habit throughout his 36 years in the Senate.[15]
During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and environmental issues and called for greater government accountability.[84] In a 1974 interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens' concerns and healthcare but conservative on other issues, including abortion and military conscription.[85]
In his first decade in the Senate, Biden focused on arms control.[86][87] After Congress failed to ratify the SALT II Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko to communicate American concerns and secured changes that addressed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's objections.[88] When the Reagan administration wanted to interpret the 1972 SALT I treaty loosely to allow development of the Strategic Defense Initiative, Biden argued for strict adherence to the treaty.[86] He received considerable attention when he excoriated Secretary of State George Shultz at a Senate hearing for the Reagan administration's support of South Africa despite its continued policy of apartheid.[33]
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Biden became ranking minority member of the Senate Judiciary Committee in 1981. In 1984, he was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act; over time, the law's tough-on-crime provisions became controversial and in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a "big mistake".[89][90] His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law's worst provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time.[91] This bill included the Federal Assault Weapons Ban[92][93] and the Violence Against Women Act,[94] which he has called his most significant legislation.[95]
In 1993, Biden voted for a provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with military life, thereby banning gays from serving in the armed forces.[96][97][98] In 1996, he voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring individuals in such marriages from equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same.[99] In 2015, the act was ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges.[100]
Elected to the Senate in 1972, Biden was reelected in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, regularly receiving about 60% of the vote.[101] He was junior senator to William Roth, who was first elected in 1970, until Roth was defeated in 2000.[102] Template:As of, he was the 18th-longest-serving senator in U.S. history.[103]
Opposition to busing
In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate's strongest opponents of race-integration busing. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies.[104] In his first Senate campaign, Biden had expressed support for busing to remedy de jure segregation, as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy de facto segregation arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely.Template:Sfn
In May 1974, Biden voted to table a proposal containing anti-busing and anti-desegregation clauses but later voted for a modified version containing a qualification that it was not intended to weaken the judiciary's power to enforce the 5th Amendment and 14th Amendment.[105] In 1975, he supported a proposal that would have prevented the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare from cutting federal funds to districts that refused to integrate;Template:Sfn he said busing was a "bankrupt idea [violating] the cardinal rule of common sense" and that his opposition would make it easier for other liberals to follow suit.[91] At the same time he supported initiatives on housing, job opportunities and voting rights.[105] Biden supported a measureTemplate:When forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting students beyond the school closest to them. In 1977, he co-sponsored an amendment closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978.[106]
Brain surgeries
In February 1988, after several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden was taken by ambulance to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for surgery to correct a leaking intracranial berry aneurysm.[107][108] While recuperating, he suffered a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication.[108] After a second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May,[108][109] Biden's recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.[110]
1988 presidential campaign
For a more detailed treatment, see Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign.
Biden formally declared his candidacy for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination on June 9, 1987.[111] He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his appeal to Baby Boomers; he would have been the second-youngest person elected president, after John F. Kennedy.[33][112][113] He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate.[112][113]
By August his campaign's messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries,[114] and in September, he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock.[115] Biden's speech had similar lines about being the first person in his family to attend university. Biden had credited Kinnock with the formulation on previous occasions,[116][117] but did not on two occasions in late August.[118]Template:Rp[117] Earlier that year he had also used passages from a 1967 speech by Robert F. Kennedy (for which his aides took blame) and a short phrase from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by Hubert Humphrey.[119] Biden responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that one of his rivals for the nomination, Jesse Jackson, had called him to point out that he (Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used.[15][120]
A few days later, an incident in law school in which he drew text from a Fordham Law Review article with inadequate citations was publicized.[120] Biden was required to repeat the course and passed with high marks.[121] At Biden's request the Delaware Supreme Court's Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that he had violated no rules.[122]
He made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had earned three degrees in college, that he had attended law school on a full scholarship, that he had graduated in the top half of his class,[123][124] and that he had marched in the civil rights movement.[125] The limited amount of other news about the race amplified these revelations[126] and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew from the race, saying his candidacy had been overrun by "the exaggerated shadow" of his past mistakes.[127]
Senate Judiciary Committee
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. He chaired it from 1987 to 1995 and was ranking minority member from 1981 to 1987 and from 1995 to 1997.
As chairman, Biden presided over two highly contentious U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings.[15] When Robert Bork was nominated in 1988, Biden reversed his approvalTemplate:Mdashbgiven in an interview the previous yearTemplate:Mdashbof a hypothetical Bork nomination. Conservatives were angered,[128] but at the hearings' close Biden was praised for his fairness, humor, and courage.[128][129] Rejecting the arguments of some Bork opponents,[15] Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the conflict between Bork's strong originalism and the view that the U.S. Constitution provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in its text.[129] Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 9–5 vote[129] and then in the full Senate, 58–42.[130]
During Clarence Thomas's nomination hearings in 1991, Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost track of them,[131] and Thomas later wrote that Biden's questions were akin to "beanballs".[132] After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that Anita Hill, a University of Oklahoma law school professor, had accused Thomas of making unwelcome sexual comments when they had worked together.[133][134] Biden had known of some of these charges, but initially shared them only with the committee because Hill was then unwilling to testify.[15] The committee hearing was reopened and Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman who had made similar charges and experts on harassment,[135] saying he wanted to preserve Thomas's privacy and the hearings' decency.[131][135] The full Senate confirmed Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed.[15] Liberal legal advocates and women's groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to support Hill.[135] Biden later sought out women to serve on the Judiciary Committee and emphasized women's issues in the committee's legislative agenda.[15] In 2019, he told Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied.[136]
Biden was critical of Independent Counsel Ken Starr during the 1990s Whitewater controversy and Lewinsky scandal investigations, saying "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers.[137] He voted to acquit during the impeachment of President Clinton.[138] During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers.[15] Clinton vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act,[15] with Biden one of only 18 Democrats to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it.[139] As a senator, Biden strongly supported increased Amtrak funding and rail security.[101][140]
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He became its ranking minority member in 1997 and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009.[141] His positions were generally liberal internationalist.[86][142] He collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his own party.[141][142] During this time he met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and international organizations, becoming a well-known Democratic voice on foreign policy.[143]
Biden voted against authorization for the Gulf War in 1991,[142] siding with 45 of the 55 Democratic senators; he said the U.S. was bearing almost all the burden in the anti-Iraq coalition.[144]
Biden became interested in the Yugoslav Wars after hearing about Serb abuses during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991.[86] Once the Bosnian War broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the "lift and strike" policy of lifting the arms embargo, training Bosnian Muslims and supporting them with NATO air strikes, and investigating war crimes.[86][141] The George H. W. Bush administration and Clinton administration were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing Balkan entanglement.[86][142] In April 1993, Biden spent a week in the Balkans and held a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.[145] Biden related that he had told Milošević, "I think you're a damn war criminal and you should be tried as one."[145]
Biden wrote an amendment in 1992 to compel the Bush administration to arm the Bosnians, but deferred in 1994 to a somewhat softer stance the Clinton administration preferred, before signing on the following year to a stronger measure sponsored by Bob Dole and Joe Lieberman.[145] The engagement led to a successful NATO peacekeeping effort.[86] Biden has called his role in affecting Balkans policy in the mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" related to foreign policy.[142]
In 1999, during the Kosovo War, Biden supported the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[86] He and Senator John McCain co-sponsored the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milošević over Yugoslav actions toward ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.[142][146]
Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
For a more detailed treatment, see War on terror.
Biden was a strong supporter of the War in Afghanistan, saying, "Whatever it takes, we should do it."[147] As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he said in 2002 that Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was a threat to national security and there was no other option than to "eliminate" that threat.[148] In October 2002, he voted in favor of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, approving the U.S. invasion of Iraq.[142] As chair of the committee, he assembled a series of witnesses to testify in favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent, history, and status of Saddam and his secular government, which was an avowed enemy of al-Qaida, and touted Iraq's fictional possession of weapons of mass destruction.[149] Biden eventually became a critic of the war and viewed his vote and role as a "mistake", but did not push for withdrawal.[142][145] He supported the appropriations for the occupation, but argued that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about its cost and length.[141][146]
By late 2006, Biden's stance had shifted considerably. He opposed the troop surge of 2007,[142][145] saying General David Petraeus was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work.[150] Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states.[151] In November 2006, Biden and Leslie H. Gelb, president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, released a comprehensive strategy to end sectarian violence in Iraq.[152] Rather than continue the existing approach or withdrawing, the plan called for "a third way": federalizing Iraq and giving Kurds, Shiites, and Sunnis "breathing room" in their own regions.[153] In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing the plan passed the Senate,[152] but the idea was unfamiliar, had no political constituency, and failed to gain traction.[150] Iraq's political leadership denounced the resolution as de facto partitioning of the country, and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad issued a statement distancing itself from it.[152] In May 2008, Biden sharply criticized President George W. Bush's speech to Israel's Knesset in which Bush compared some Democrats to Western leaders who [[Munich Agreement|appeased Hitler before World WarTemplate:NbspII]]; Biden called the speech "bullshit", "malarkey", and "outrageous". He later apologized for his language.[154]
2008 presidential campaign
For a more detailed treatment, see Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign.
After exploring the possibility of a run in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared his candidacy in the 2008 elections.[101][155][156] During his campaign, Biden focused on the Iraq War, his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience. In mid-2007, Biden stressed his foreign policy expertise compared to Obama's.[157] Biden was noted for his one-liners during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani: "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11."[158]
Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator Hillary Clinton.[159] He never rose above single digits in national polls of the Democratic candidates. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.[160] He withdrew from the race that evening.[161]
Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world.[162]Template:Rp In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they had not been close: Biden resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom,[150][163] while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing.[162]Template:Rp Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the real deal".[163][162]Template:Rp
2008 vice-presidential campaign
For more detailed treatments, see Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign and 2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection.
Shortly after Biden withdrew from the presidential race, Obama privately told him he was interested in finding an important place for Biden in his administration.[164] Biden declined Obama's first request to vet him for the vice-presidential slot, fearing the vice presidency would represent a loss in status and voice from his Senate position, but he later changed his mind.[150][165] In early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility,[164] and developed a strong personal rapport.[163] On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate.[166] The New York Times reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone with foreign policy and national security experience—and not to help the ticket win a swing state or to emphasize Obama's "change" message.[167] Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and blue-collar voters, as well as his willingness to aggressively challenge Republican nominee John McCain in a way that Obama seemed uncomfortable doing at times.[168][169] In accepting Obama's offer, Biden ruled out running for president again in 2016,[164] but his comments in later years seemed to back off that stance, as he did not want to diminish his political power by appearing uninterested in advancement.[170][171][172] Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 by voice vote at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.[173]
Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media visibility, as far greater press attention was focused on the Republican running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[174][175] During one week in September 2008, for instance, the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism found that Biden was included in only five percent of coverage of the race, far less than the other three candidates on the tickets received.[176] Biden nevertheless focused on campaigning in economically challenged areas of swing states and trying to win over blue-collar Democrats, especially those who had supported Hillary Clinton.[150][174] Biden attacked McCain heavily despite a long-standing personal friendship.Template:Refn He said, "That guy I used to know, he's gone. It literally saddens me."[174] As the financial crisis of 2007–2010 reached a peak with the liquidity crisis of September 2008 and the proposed bailout of the United States financial system became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted in favor of the $700Template:Nbspbillion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which went on to pass in the Senate 74–25.[177]
On October 2, 2008, Biden participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall.[178] During the campaign's final days, he focused on less populated, older, less well-off areas of battleground states, especially Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, where polling indicated he was popular and where Obama had not campaigned or performed well in the Democratic primaries.[179][180][181] He also campaigned in some normally Republican states, as well as in areas with large Catholic populations.[181]
Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks, such as one he made about Obama's being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention.[179][180] Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?" he asked.[162]Template:Rp Obama campaign staffers referred to Biden blunders as "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden.[172] Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.[162]Template:Rp Publicly, Obama strategist David Axelrod said Biden's high popularity ratings had outweighed any unexpected comments.[182] Nationally, Biden had a 60% favorability rating in a Pew Research Center poll, compared to Palin's 44%.[179]
On November 4, 2008, Obama and Biden were elected with 53% of the popular vote and 365 electoral votes to McCain–Palin's 173.[183][184][185]
At the same time Biden was running for vice president he was also running for reelection to the Senate,[186] as permitted by Delaware law.[101] On NovemberTemplate:Nbsp4, he was reelected to the Senate, defeating Republican Christine O'Donnell.[187] Having won both races, Biden made a point of waiting to resign from the Senate until he was sworn in for his seventh term on January 6, 2009.[188] He became the youngest senator ever to start a seventh full term, and said, "In all my life, the greatest honor bestowed upon me has been serving the people of Delaware as their United States senator."[188] Biden cast his last Senate vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350Template:Nbspbillion for the Troubled Asset Relief Program,[189] and resigned from the Senate later that day.Template:Refn In an emotional farewell, Biden told the Senate: "Every good thing I have seen happen here, every bold step taken in the 36-plus years I have been here, came not from the application of pressure by interest groups, but through the maturation of personal relationships."[190] Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner appointed longtime Biden adviser Ted Kaufman to fill Biden's vacated Senate seat.[191]
Vice president (2009–2017)
First term (2009–2013)
Biden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by George W. Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency.[192] He chaired Obama's transition team[193] and headed an initiative to improve middle-class economic well-being.[194] In early January 2009, in his last act as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, he visited the leaders of Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan,[195] and on January 20 he was sworn in as the 47th vice president of the United States[196]Template:Mdashbthe first vice president from Delaware[197] and the first Roman Catholic vice president.[198][199]
Obama was soon comparing Biden to a basketball player "who does a bunch of things that don't show up in the stat sheet".[200] In May, Biden visited Kosovo and affirmed the U.S. position that its "independence is irreversible".[201] Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton about sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan,[202][203] but his skepticism was valued,[165] and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy.[204] Biden visited Iraq about every two months,[150] becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there.[165] More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility: Obama was said to have said, "Joe, you do Iraq."[205] Biden said Iraq "could be one of the great achievements of this administration".[206] His January 2010 visit to Iraq in the midst of turmoil over banned candidates from the upcoming Iraqi parliamentary election resulted in 59 of the several hundred candidates being reinstated by the Iraqi government two days later.[207] By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.[208][209]
Biden oversaw infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession.[210] During this period, Biden was satisfied that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred,[165] and when he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.[211]
In late April 2009, Biden's off-message response to a question during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, that he would advise family members against traveling on airplanes or subways, led to a swift retraction by the White House.[212] The remark revived Biden's reputation for gaffes.[213][204][214] Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was" but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up.[215] On March 23, 2010, a microphone picked up Biden telling the president that his signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" during live national news telecasts. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together.[172]
Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions.[216] Rahm Emanuel, White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter groupthink.[200] White House press secretary Jay Carney, Biden's former communications director, said Biden played the role of "the bad guy in the Situation Room".[216] Another senior Obama advisor said Biden "is always prepared to be the skunk at the family picnic to make sure we are as intellectually honest as possible."[165] Obama said, "The best thing about Joe is that when we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions, to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me."[165] The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.[217]
Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party.[218] Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important.[219][220] He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty.[219][220] In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that included a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts.[220][221] Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress.[220][222] The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.
In March 2011, Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress to resolve federal spending levels for the rest of the year and avoid a government shutdown.[223] By May 2011, a "Biden panel" with six congressional members was trying to reach a bipartisan deal on raising the U.S. debt ceiling as part of an overall deficit reduction plan.[224][225] The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in breaking a deadlock and bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day an unprecedented U.S. default had loomed.[226][227][228] Biden had spent the most time of anyone in the administration bargaining with Congress on the debt question,[227] and one Republican staffer said, "Biden's the only guy with real negotiating authority, and [McConnell] knows that his word is good. He was a key to the deal."[226]
Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden,[208][229] lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection prospects.[230][231] He took the lead in notifying Congressional leaders of the successful outcome.[232]
Reelection
For a more detailed treatment, see Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign.
In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the 2012 presidential election,[218] but with Obama's popularity on the decline, White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden on the ticket with Hillary Clinton.[233] The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement for Obama,[233] and White House officials later said Obama had never entertained the idea.[234]
Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving".[235] Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were quite irked, since Obama had planned to shift position several months later, in the build-up to the party convention, and since Biden had previously counseled the president to avoid the issue lest key Catholic voters be offended.[172][236][237][238] Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement,[236] and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's remarks.[239] Biden apologized to Obama in private for having spoken out,[237][240] while Obama acknowledged publicly it had been done from the heart.[236] The incident showed that Biden still struggled at times with message discipline,[172] as Time wrote, "Everyone knows Biden's greatest strength is also his greatest weakness."[208] Relations were also strained between the vice presidential and presidential campaigns when Biden appeared to use his position to bolster fundraising contacts for a possible run for president in 2016, and he ended up being excluded from Obama campaign strategy meetings.[233]
The Obama campaign nevertheless valued Biden as a retail-level politician who could connect with disaffected blue-collar workers and rural residents, and he had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the reelection campaign began in earnest in spring 2012.[241][208] An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all back in chains" led to a similar analysis of Biden's face-to-face campaigning abilities versus his tendency to go off track.[241][242][243] The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Most candidates give the same stump speech over and over, putting reporters if not the audience to sleep. But during any Biden speech, there might be a dozen moments to make press handlers cringe, and prompt reporters to turn to each other with amusement and confusion."[242] Time magazine wrote that Biden often went too far and "Along with the familiar Washington mix of neediness and overconfidence, Biden's brain is wired for more than the usual amount of goofiness."[241]
Biden was nominated for a second term as vice president at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in September.[244] Debating his Republican counterpart, Representative Paul Ryan, in the vice-presidential debate on October 11 he made a spirited and emotional defense of the Obama administration's record and energetically attacked the Republican ticket.[245][246] On November 6, Obama and Biden won reelection[247] over Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan with 332 of 538 Electoral College votes and 51% of the popular vote.[248]
In December 2012, Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created to address the causes of gun violence in the United States in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.[249] Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "fiscal cliff", Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013.[250][251] It made many of the Bush tax cuts permanent but raised rates on upper income levels.[251]
Second term (2013–2017)
Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at Number One Observatory Circle, his official residence, with Justice Sonia Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).[252]
Biden played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. This was because Senate majority leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of any direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.[253][254][255]
Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs.[256][257] Biden discussed federal guidelines on sexual assault on university campuses while giving a speech at the University of New Hampshire. He said, "No means no, if you're drunk or you're sober. No means no if you're in bed, in a dorm or on the street. No means no even if you said yes at first and you changed your mind. No means no."[258][259][260]
Biden favored arming Syria's rebel fighters.[261] As Iraq fell apart during 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along.[262][263] Biden himself said the U.S. would follow ISIL "to the gates of hell".[264] Biden had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and was assigned a focus on the region during the administration; he visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president.[265]
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In 2015, Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell invited Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address a joint session of Congress without notifying the Obama administration. This defiance of protocol led Biden and more than 50 congressional Democrats to skip Netanyahu's speech.[266] In August 2016, Biden visited Serbia, where he met with Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić and expressed his condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War.[267] In Kosovo, he attended a ceremony renaming a highway after his son Beau, in honor of Beau's service to Kosovo in training its judges and prosecutors.[268][269][270]
Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.[271]
Role in the 2016 presidential campaign
During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a possible bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[272] With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with Hillary Clinton's favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a "Draft Biden 2016" PAC was established.[272][273][274]
Template:As of, Biden was still uncertain about running. He cited his son's recent death as a large drain on his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a rightTemplate:Nbsp... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are."[275] On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.[276][277][278] In January 2016, Biden affirmed that it was the right decision, but admitted to regretting not running for president "every day".[279]
After Obama endorsed Hillary Clinton on June 9, 2016, Biden endorsed her later that day.[280] Throughout the 2016 election, Biden strongly criticized Clinton's opponent, Donald Trump, in often colorful terms.[281][282]
Subsequent activities (2017–2019)
After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, while continuing to lead efforts to find treatments for cancer.[283] In 2017 he wrote a memoir, Promise Me, Dad, and went on a book tour.[284] Biden earned $15.6Template:Nbspmillion in 2017–2018.[285] In 2018, he gave a eulogy for Senator John McCain, praising McCain's embrace of American ideals and bipartisan friendships.[286]
Biden remained in the public eye, endorsing candidates while continuing to comment on politics, climate change, and the presidency of Donald Trump.[287][288][289] He also continued to speak out in favor of LGBT rights, continuing advocacy on an issue he had become more closely associated with during his vice presidency.[290][291] In 2019, Biden criticized Brunei for its intention to implement Islamic laws that would allow death by stoning for adultery and homosexuality, calling it "appalling and immoral" and saying, "There is no excuse—not culture, not tradition—for this kind of hate and inhumanity."[292] By 2019, Biden and his wife reported that their assets had increased to between $2.2 million and $8 million from speaking engagements and a contract to write a set of books.[293]
2020 presidential campaign
For a more detailed treatment, see Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign.
Speculation and announcement
Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for president in 2020.[294] When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent answers, saying "never say never".[295] At one point he suggested he did not see a scenario where he would run again,[296][297] but a few days later, he said, "I'll run if I can walk."[298] A political action committee known as Time for Biden was formed in January 2018, seeking Biden's entry into the race.[299] He finally launched his campaign on April 25, 2019,[300] saying he was prompted to run, among other reasons, by his "sense of duty."[301]
Campaign
In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Biden and his son Hunter Biden.[302] Despite the allegations, as of September 2019, no evidence has been produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.[303][304][305] The media widely interpreted this pressure to investigate the Bidens as trying to hurt Biden's chances of winning the presidency, resulting in a political scandal[306][307] and Trump's impeachment by the House of Representatives.
Beginning in 2019, Trump and his allies falsely accused Biden of getting the Ukrainian prosecutor general Viktor Shokin fired because he was supposedly pursuing an investigation into Burisma Holdings, which employed Hunter Biden. Biden was accused of withholding $1Template:Nbspbillion in aid from Ukraine in this effort. In 2015, Biden pressured the Ukrainian parliament to remove Shokin because the United States, the European Union and other international organizations considered Shokin corrupt and ineffective, and in particular because Shokin was not assertively investigating Burisma. The withholding of the $1Template:Nbspbillion in aid was part of this official policy.[308][309][310][311]
Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls.[312][313] Despite this, he finished fourth in the Iowa caucuses, and eight days later, fifth in the New Hampshire primary.[314][315] He performed better in the Nevada caucuses, reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still was behind Bernie Sanders by 21.6 percentage points.[316] Making strong appeals to black voters on the campaign trail and in the South Carolina debate, Biden won the South Carolina primary by more than 28 points.[317] After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar, he made large gains in the MarchTemplate:Nbsp3 Super Tuesday primary elections. Biden won 18 of the next 26 contests, including Alabama, Arkansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, putting him in the lead overall.[318] Elizabeth Warren and Mike Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders in four states (Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, and Missouri) on March 10.[319]
When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party's presumptive nominee for president.[320] On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden in a live-streamed discussion from their homes.[321] Former President Barack Obama endorsed Biden the next day.[322] In March 2020, Biden committed to choosing a woman as his running mate.[323] In June, Biden met the 1,991-delegate threshold needed to secure the party's presidential nomination.[324] On August 11, he announced U.S. Senator Kamala Harris of California as his running mate, making her the first African American and first South Asian American vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.[325]
On August 18, 2020, Biden was officially nominated at the 2020 Democratic National Convention as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2020 election.[326][327][328]
Allegations of inappropriate physical contact
Biden has been accused several times of inappropriate non-sexual contact, such as embracing, kissing, and other forms of physical contact.[329][330] He has described himself as a "tactile politician" and admitted this behavior has caused trouble for him in the past.[331] By 2015, a series of swearings-in and other events at which Biden had placed his hands on people and talked closely to them attracted attention in the press and on social media.[332][333][334] Various people defended Biden, including a senator who issued a statement,[335] as well as Stephanie Carter, a woman whose photograph with Biden had gone viral, who described the photo as "misleadingly extracted from what was a longer moment between close friends".[336] In February 2016, Biden gave a speech about sexual assault awareness at the 88th Academy Awards, before introducing Lady Gaga.[337]
In March 2019, former Nevada assemblywoman Lucy Flores alleged that Biden had touched her without her consent at a 2014 campaign rally in Las Vegas. In an op-ed, Flores wrote that Biden had walked up behind her, put his hands on her shoulders, smelled her hair, and kissed the back of her head, adding that the way he touched her was "an intimate way reserved for close friends, family, or romantic partners—and I felt powerless to do anything about it."[338] Biden's spokesman said Biden did not recall the behavior described.[339] Two days later, Amy Lappos, a former congressional aide to Jim Himes, said Biden touched her in a non-sexual but inappropriate way by holding her head to rub noses with her at a political fundraiser in Greenwich in 2009.[340] The next day, two more women came forward with allegations of unwanted touching claiming that he touched a woman's leg during a meeting, and that he placed his hand on a woman's back during a photo.[341][342]
In early April 2019, three women told The Washington Post Biden had touched them in ways that made them feel uncomfortable.[343] Also in April 2019, former Biden staffer Tara Reade said she had felt uncomfortable on several occasions when Biden touched her on her shoulder and neck during her employment in his Senate office in 1993.[344] In March 2020, Reade accused him of a 1993 sexual assault.[345] Biden and his campaign vehemently denied the allegation.[346][347] The New York Times investigated and "found no pattern of sexual misconduct by Mr. Biden".[345]
Biden apologized for not understanding how people would react to his actions, but said his intentions were honorable and that he would be more "mindful of people's personal space". He went on to say he was not sorry for anything he had ever done, which led critics to accuse him of sending a mixed message.[348] Arwa Mahdawi of The Guardian said it was "frustrating to see conservatives... weaponize the accusations against Biden", but that it was "also frustrating to see so many liberals turn a blind eye".[349]
Presidential transition
- Further: Presidential transition of Joe Biden
Biden was elected the 46th president of the United States in November 2020. He defeated the incumbent, Donald Trump, becoming the first candidate to defeat a sitting president since Bill Clinton defeated [[George H. W. Bush|George H.Template:NbspW. Bush]] in 1992. On NovemberTemplate:Nbsp23, General Services Administrator Emily W. Murphy formally recognized Biden as the apparent winner of the 2020 election and authorized the start of a transition process to the Biden administration.[350] Donald Trump refused to concede to Biden, propping up QAnon and other conspiracy theories relating to the legitimacy of the mail-in voting.[351][352] After Trump exhausted his legal options, he furthered conspiracy theories and endorsed his supporters and theorists linked to QAnon to find ways to overturn the 2020 election.[353][354]
On January 6, 2021, during Congress's electoral vote count, Trump told supporters gathered in front of the White House to march to the Capitol, saying, "We will never give up. We will never concede. It doesn't happen. You don't concede when there's theft involved."[355] Soon after, they stormed the Capitol. During the insurrection at the Capitol, Biden addressed the nation, calling the events "an unprecedented assault unlike anything we've seen in modern times." He specifically called on Trump to "go on national television now to fulfill his oath and defend the Constitution and demand an end to this siege", adding "It must end now."[356][357] After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session and officially certified the election results with Pence declaring Biden and Harris the winners.[358]
In December 2020, Biden received his first dose of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at the Christiana Hospital in Delaware, publicly taking the vaccine on live television to build trust in the vaccine and to encourage Americans to get inoculated.[359][360] He returned for his second dose in January 2021.[361]
President (2021–present)
For a more detailed treatment, see Presidency of Joe Biden.
Template:For timeline
- See also: Cabinet of Joe Biden
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Biden was inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021.[362][363]Template:Refn At 78, he is the oldest person to have assumed the office.[362] He is the second Catholic president (after John F. Kennedy)[364] and the first president whose home state is Delaware.[365] He is the second non-incumbent vice president (after Richard Nixon in 1968) to be elected president.[366]
In his first two days as president, Biden signed 17 executive orders, more than most recent presidents did in their first 100 days. By his third day, orders had included rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, ending the state of national emergency at the border with Mexico, directing the government to rejoin the World Health Organization, face mask requirements on federal property, measures to combat hunger in the United States,[367][368][369][370] and revoking permits for the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline.[371][372][373] In his first two weeks in office, Biden signed more executive orders than any other president since Franklin D. Roosevelt had in their first month in office.[374]
On February 4, 2021, the Biden administration announced that the United States was ending its support for the Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen. In his first visit to the State Department as president, Biden said "this war has to end" and that the conflict had created a "humanitarian and strategic catastrophe".[375] On February 25, the Biden administration "struck a site in Syria used by two Iranian-backed militia groups in response to rocket attacks on American forces in the region in the past two weeks". This marked the first known action by the military under Biden.[376]
On March 11, 2021, the first anniversary of COVID-19 being declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, a $1.9 trillion economic stimulus relief package he proposed and lobbied for that aimed to speed up the United States' recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession.[377] The package included direct payments to most Americans, an extension of increased unemployment benefits, funds for vaccine distribution and school reopenings, support for small businesses and state and local governments, and expansions of health insurance subsidies and the child tax credit. Biden's initial proposal included an increase of the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, but after Senate parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough determined that including the increase in a budget reconciliation bill would violate Senate rules, Democrats declined to pursue overruling her and removed the increase from the package.[378][379][380]
In March 2021, amid a rise in migrants entering the U.S. from Mexico, Biden told migrants: "Don't come over." He said that the U.S. was arranging a plan for migrants to "apply for asylum in place", without leaving their original locations. In the meantime, migrant adults "are being sent back", Biden said, in reference to the continuation of the Trump administration's Title 42 policy for quick deportations.[381] Biden earlier announced that his administration would not deport unaccompanied migrant children; the rise in arrivals of such children exceeded the capacity of facilities meant to shelter them (before they were sent to sponsors), leading the Biden administration in March 2021 to direct the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help manage these children.[382]
On April 28, 2021, Biden will deliver his first address to a joint session of the United States Congress.
Political positions
For a more detailed treatment, see Political positions of Joe Biden.
Biden is considered a moderate Democrat[383] and a centrist.[384][385] More recently, he has been characterized as shifting to the left.[386][387][388] He has a lifetime liberal 72% score from the Americans for Democratic Action through 2004, while the American Conservative Union gave him a lifetime conservative rating of 13% through 2008.[389]
Biden supported the fiscal stimulus in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009;[390][391] the Obama administration's proposed increase in infrastructure spending;[391] subsidies for mass transit, including Amtrak, bus, and subway;[392] and the reduced military spending in the Obama administration's fiscal year 2014 budget.[393][394] He has proposed partially reversing the corporate tax cuts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, saying that doing so would not hurt businesses' ability to hire.[395][396] He voted for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)[397] and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[398] Biden is a staunch supporter of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).[399][400] He has promoted a plan to expand and build upon it, paid for by revenue gained from reversing some Trump administration tax cuts.[399] Biden's plan is to create a public option for health insurance, with the aim of expanding health insurance coverage to 97% of Americans.[401]
Biden has supported abortion rights,[402] same-sex marriage,[403] the Roe v. Wade decision, and since 2019 has supported repealing the Hyde Amendment (a rule barring the use of federal funds to pay for abortion).[404][405] He opposes drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and supports governmental funding to find new energy sources.[406] As a senator, he forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief proponent of a Police Officer's Bill of Rights measure that police unions supported but police chiefs opposed. As vice president, he served as a White House liaison to police.[407][408]
Biden believes action must be taken on global warming. As a senator, he co-sponsored the Sense of the Senate resolution calling on the United States to take part in the United Nations climate negotiations and the Boxer–Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act, the most stringent climate bill in the United States Senate.[409] He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S. by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050.[410] His program includes reentering the Paris Agreement, nature conservation, and green building.[411] Biden wants to pressure China and other countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions, by carbon tariffs if necessary.[412][413]
Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China and build "a united front of U.S. allies and partners to confront China's abusive behaviors and human rights violations."[414] He has called China the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges to the United States' "prosperity, security, and democratic values".[415] Biden has voiced concerns about China's "coercive and unfair" economic practices and human rights abuses in the Xinjiang region to the Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping.[416] He also pledged to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government officials and entities who carry out repression.[417]
Biden has said he is against regime change, but for providing non-military support to opposition movements.[418] He opposed direct U.S. intervention in Libya;[419][420] voted against U.S. participation in the Gulf War;[421] voted in favor of the Iraq War;[422] and supports a two-state solution in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[423] Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and to reevaluate the United States' relationship with Saudi Arabia.[424] He has called North Korea a "paper tiger".[425] As vice president, Biden supported Obama's Cuban thaw.[426] He has said that, as president, he would restore U.S. membership in key United Nations bodies, such as the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Health Organization,[427] and possibly the Human Rights Council.[428] Biden supports extending the New START arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of nuclear weapons deployed by both sides.[429][430]
Reputation
Biden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy members of the Senate,[431][432][433] which he attributed to his having been elected young.[434] Feeling that less-wealthy public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors, he proposed campaign finance reform measures during his first term.[91] Template:As of, Biden's net worth was $27,012.[435] Template:As of, the Bidens were worth $9 million, largely due to sales of Biden's books and speaking fees after his vice presidency.[436][437][438][439]
The political writer Howard Fineman has written, "Biden is not an academic, he's not a theoretical thinker, he's a great street pol. He comes from a long line of working people in Scranton—auto salesmen, car dealers, people who know how to make a sale. He has that great Irish gift."[37] Political columnist David S. Broder wrote that Biden has grown over time: "He responds to real people—that's been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much much better."[37] Journalist James Traub has written, "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself."[150] In 2006, Delaware newspaper columnist Harry F. Themal wrote that Biden "occupies the sensible center of the Democratic Party".[440]
In recent years, especially after the 2015 death of his elder son Beau, Biden has been discussed for his empathetic nature and ability to communicate about grief.[441][442] CNN wrote in 2020 that his presidential campaign aimed to make him "healer-in-chief", while the New York Times described his extensive history of being called upon to give eulogies.[443]
Journalist and TV anchor Wolf Blitzer has described Biden as loquacious.[444] He often deviates from prepared remarks[445] and sometimes "puts his foot in his mouth".[446][174][447][448] The New York Times wrote that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".[174] In 2018, Biden called himself a "gaffe machine".[449]
Distinctions
For a more detailed treatment, see List of honors and awards received by Joe Biden.
- See also: List of things named after Joe Biden
Biden has received honorary degrees from the University of Scranton (1976),[450] Saint Joseph's University (LL.D 1981),[451] Widener University School of Law (2000),[77] Emerson College (2003),[452] Delaware State University (2003),[453] his alma mater the University of Delaware (LL.D 2004),[454] Suffolk University Law School (2005),[455] his other alma mater Syracuse University (LL.D 2009),[456] Wake Forest University (LL.D 2009),[457] the University of Pennsylvania (LL.D 2013),[458] Miami Dade College (2014),[459] University of South Carolina (DPA 2014),[460] Trinity College, Dublin (LL.D 2016),[461] Colby College (LL.D 2017),[462] and Morgan State University (DPS 2017).[463]
Biden also received the Chancellor Medal (1980) and the George Arents Pioneer Medal (2005) from Syracuse University.[464][465]
In 2008, Biden received Working Mother magazine's Best of Congress Award for "improving the American quality of life through family-friendly work policies".[466] Also in 2008, he shared with fellow senator Richard Lugar the Government of Pakistan's Hilal-i-Pakistan award "in recognition of their consistent support for Pakistan".[467] In 2009, Kosovo gave Biden the Golden Medal of Freedom, the region's highest award, for his vocal support for its independence in the late 1990s.[468]
Biden is an inductee of the Delaware Volunteer Firemen's Association Hall of Fame.[469] He was named to the Little League Hall of Excellence in 2009.[470]
On May 15, 2016, the University of Notre Dame gave Biden the Laetare Medal, considered the highest honor for American Catholics. The medal was simultaneously awarded to John Boehner, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.[471][472]
On June 25, 2016, Biden received the Freedom of the City of County Louth in the Republic of Ireland.[473]
On January 12, 2017, Obama surprised Biden by awarding him the Presidential Medal of Freedom with DistinctionTemplate:Mdashbfor "faith in your fellow Americans, for your love of country and a lifetime of service that will endure through the generations".[474][475] It was the only award by Obama of the Medal of Freedom with Distinction; other recipients include Ronald Reagan, Colin Powell and Pope John Paul II.[476]
On February 8, 2018, the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement at the University of Pennsylvania officially opened offices in Washington, D.C.[477]
On December 11, 2018, the University of Delaware renamed its School of Public Policy and Administration the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy & Administration. The Biden Institute is housed there.[478]
On December 10, 2020, Biden and Harris were jointly named Time Person of the Year.[479]
Electoral history
For a more detailed treatment, see Electoral history of Joe Biden.
Publications
(April 1, 2000) Hague Convention On International Child Abduction: Applicable Law And Institutional Framework Within Certain Convention Countries Report To The Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-2250-0.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 8, 2001). Putin Administration's Policies toward Non-Russian Regions of the Russian Federation: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2624-7.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 24, 2001). Administration's Missile Defense Program and the ABM Treaty: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-1959-3.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (September 5, 2001). Threat of Bioterrorism and the Spread of Infectious Diseases: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2625-5.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 12, 2002). Examining The Theft Of American Intellectual Property At Home And Abroad: Hearing before the Committee On Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-4177-7.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 14, 2002). Halting the Spread of HIV/AIDS: Future Efforts in the U.S. Bilateral & Multilateral Response: Hearings before the Comm. on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3454-1.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 27, 2002). How Do We Promote Democratization, Poverty Alleviation, and Human Rights to Build a More Secure Future: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2478-3.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (August 1, 2002). Hearings to Examine Threats, Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2823-1.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (January 1, 2003). International Campaign Against Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3041-4.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (January 1, 2003). Political Future of Afghanistan: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3039-2.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (September 1, 2003). Strategies for Homeland Defense: A Compilation by the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-2623-9.
Biden, Joseph (2005). "Foreword", Homeland Security Law and Policy. C. C Thomas. ISBN 0-398-07583-2.
Biden, Joe (July 31, 2007). Promises to Keep. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6536-3. Also paperback edition, Random House 2008, ISBN 0-8129-7621-5.
Biden, Joe (November 14, 2017). Promise Me, Dad: A Year of Hope, Hardship, and Purpose. Flatiron Books. ISBN 978-1-250-17167-2. Template:Refend
Notes
- ↑ Template:CongBio
- ↑ Witcover (2010), p. 5.
- ↑ Chase, Randall. "Vice President Biden's mother, Jean, dies at 92", WITN-TV, January 9, 2010.
- ↑ "Joseph Biden Sr., 86, father of the senator", The Baltimore Sun, September 3, 2002.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), p. 9.
- ↑ Smolenyak, Megan. "Joe Biden's Irish Roots", Huffington Post, July 2, 2012.
- ↑ "Number two Biden has a history over Irish debate", The Belfast Telegraph, November 9, 2008.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Witcover (2010), p. 8.
- ↑ Smolenyak, Megan. "Joey From Scranton—Vice President Biden's Irish Roots", Irish America, April–May 2013.
- ↑ Russell, Katie. "Joe Biden's family tree: how tragedy shaped the US president-elect", The Telegraph, November 11, 2020. (en-GB)
- ↑ (2008) Promises to Keep: On Life and Politics. Random House, 16–17. ISBN 978-0812976212.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), pp. 7-8.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Broder, John M.. "Father's Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden", The New York Times, October 23, 2008.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Rubinkam, Michael. "Biden's Scranton childhood left lasting impression", Fox News, August 27, 2008.
- ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 364.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), pp. 27, 32.
- ↑ Frank, Martin. "Biden was the stuttering kid who wanted the ball", The News Journal, September 28, 2008, p. D.1.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Witcover (2010), pp. 40-41.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Taylor (1990), p. 99.
- ↑ Biden, Promises to Keep, pp. 27, 32–33.
- ↑ Fact Check: Biden's Too Tall Football Tale.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Biden Admits Plagiarism in School But Says It Was Not 'Malevolent'", The New York Times, September 18, 1987.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 "A timeline of U.S. Sen. Joe Biden's life and career", San Francisco Chronicle, August 23, 2008.
- ↑ Taylor (1990), p. 98.
- ↑ Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 9, 2009). Letter to National Stuttering Association chairman. National Stuttering Association.
- ↑ Joe Biden's childhood struggle with a stutter: How he overcame it and how it shaped him (September 16, 2019).
- ↑ Hendrickson, John (January–February 2020). What Joe Biden Can't Bring Himself to Say.
- ↑ Bailey, Isaac J.. "Is Biden’s Stutter Being Mistaken for "Cognitive Decline"?", Nieman Reports, Nieman Foundation for Journalism, March 11, 2020.
- ↑ Carlisle, Madeleine. "Sarah Huckabee Sanders Apologizes To Joe Biden After Mocking Debate Response on Stuttering", Time, December 20, 2019.
- ↑ Biden, Promises to Keep, pp. 32, 36–37.
- ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ "Fact check: Biden, like Trump, received multiple draft deferments from Vietnam", USA Today, September 17, 2020.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 Leubsdorf, Carl P.. "Biden Keeps Sights Set On White House", The Dallas Morning News, September 6, 1987. Reprinted in "Lifelong ambition led Joe Biden to Senate, White House aspirations", August 23, 2008.
- ↑ Barrett, Laurence I.. "Campaign Portrait, Joe Biden: Orator for the Next Generation", Time, June 22, 1987.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 43.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), p. 86.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Palmer, Nancy Doyle. "Joe Biden: 'Everyone Calls Me Joe'", Washingtonian, February 1, 2009.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), p. 59.
- ↑ Harriman, Jane. "Joe Biden: Hope for Democratic Party in '72?", Newspapers.com, The News Journal, December 31, 1969, p. 3.
- ↑ Delaware Republican State Headquarters (1970). Republican Information Center: 1970 List of Candidates. University of Delaware.
- ↑ "County Ponders Housing Code", The News Journal, October 1, 1969, p. 2.
- ↑ Lockman, Norm. "New Housing Code Favored for County", The News Journal, December 20, 1969, p. 2.
- ↑ "County Council to Take Oath", The News Journal, January 2, 1971, p. 4.
- ↑ "Conner Calls Shake of 7 Lucky Omen for Council", The News Journal, January 6, 1971, p. 3.
- ↑ "Maloney Seeks New Businesses", The News Journal, January 2, 1973, p. 4.
- ↑ "Swift Seeks 4th District County Seat", The News Journal, March 30, 1972, p. 41.
- ↑ "GOP Decade Ends with Slawik Win", The News Journal, November 8, 1972, p. 3.
- ↑ Zintl, Terry. "Shop Center Hackles Rise In Hockessin", The News Journal, March 14, 1973, p. 64.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), p. 62.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Naylor, Brian. "Biden's Road to Senate Took Tragic Turn", National Public Radio, October 8, 2007.
- ↑ President Joe Biden: 25 Things You Don't Know About Me!. Us Weekly. A360 Media LLC (January 20, 2021).
- ↑ "Biden's Wife, Child Killed in Car Crash", The New York Times, December 19, 1972, p. 9. (en-US)
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Witcover (2010), pp. 93, 98.
- ↑ Levey, Noam M.. "In his home state, Biden is a regular Joe", Los Angeles Times, August 24, 2008.
- ↑ Kipp, Rachel. "No DUI in crash that killed Biden's 1st wife, but he's implied otherwise", The News Journal, September 4, 2008, p. A.1.
- ↑ "A Senator's Past: The Biden Car Crash", Inside Edition, August 27, 2008.
- ↑ Orr, Bob. "Driver In Biden Crash Wanted Name Cleared", March 24, 2009.
- ↑ Hamilton, Carl. "Daughter of man in '72 Biden crash seeks apology from widowed Senator", October 30, 2008.
- ↑ Kruse, Michael. "How Grief Became Joe Biden's 'Superpower'", March 24, 2009.
- ↑ Biden, Promises to Keep, p. 81
- ↑ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Biden Campaigning With Ease After Hardships", The New York Times, December 14, 2007.
- ↑ "On Becoming Joe Biden", Morning Edition, NPR, August 1, 2007.
- ↑ Biden, Promises to Keep, p. 113.
- ↑ Seelye, Katharine Q.. "Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight", August 24, 2008.
- ↑ Dart, Bob. "Bidens met, forged life together after tragedy", October 24, 2008.
- ↑ Biden, Promises to Keep, p. 117.
- ↑ Sarkadi, Zsolt. "Biden és felesége 1977-ben a Balatonnál voltak nászúton", 444.hu, November 8, 2020. (hu)
- ↑ "US election: What does Joe Biden's win mean for Brexit Britain and Europe?", BBC News, November 8, 2020.
- ↑ Gibson, Ginger. "Parishioners not surprised to see Biden at usual Mass", August 25, 2008, p. A.12.
- ↑ "Ashley Biden and Howard Krein", June 3, 2012, p. ST15.
- ↑ Cooper, Christopher. "Biden's Foreign Policy Background Carries Growing Cachet", August 20, 2008, p. A4.
- ↑ Helsel, Phil. "Beau Biden, Son of Vice President Joe Biden, Dies After Battle With Brain Cancer", NBC News, May 31, 2015.
- ↑ Kane, Paul. "Family losses frame Vice President Biden's career", The Washington Post, May 31, 2015.
- ↑ Evans, Heidi. "From a blind date to second lady, Jill Biden's coming into her own", December 28, 2008.
- ↑ Fact check: If he loses election, Biden said he wants to teach, but where is uncertain. USA Today.
- ↑ Faculty: Joseph R. Biden, Jr.. Widener University School of Law.
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Senator Biden becomes Vice President-elect. Widener University School of Law (November 6, 2008).
- ↑ Purchla, Matt. "For Widener Law students, a teacher aims high", Metro Philadelphia, August 26, 2008.
- ↑ Carey, Kathleen E.. "Widener students proud of Biden", Delaware County Daily and Sunday Times, August 27, 2008.
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 "Oath Solemn", Spokane Daily Chronicle, January 6, 1973, p. 11.
- ↑ Youngest Senator. United States Senate. Template:PD-notice
- ↑ Byrd, Robert and Wolff, Wendy Senate, 1789–1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992, Volume 4 Template:Webarchive, p. 285 (Government Printing Office 1993) Template:PD-notice
- ↑ Pride, Mike. "Biden a smart guy who has lived his family values", Concord Monitor, December 1, 2007.
- ↑ "200 Faces for the Future", Time, July 15, 1974.
- ↑ Kelley, Kitty. "Death and the All-American Boy", The Washingtonian, June 1, 1974.
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 86.5 86.6 86.7 Gordon, Michael R.. "In Biden, Obama chooses a foreign policy adherent of diplomacy before force", August 24, 2008.
- ↑ Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 45.
- ↑ Salacuse, Jeswald W. (2005). Leading Leaders: How to Manage Smart, Talented, Rich and Powerful People. American Management Association. ISBN 0-8144-0855-9. p. 144.
- ↑ Herndon, Astead W.. "Biden Expresses Regret for Support of Crime Legislation in the 1990s", The New York Times, January 21, 2019.
- ↑ "Biden in 2020? Allies Say He Sees Himself as Democrats' Best Hope" Template:Webarchive, By Jonathan Martin and Alexander Burns. New York Times. January 6, 2019
- ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 44.
- ↑ Fifield, Anna. "Biden faces key role in second term", January 4, 2013.
- ↑ Scherer, Michael. "The Next Gun Fight", January 28, 2013. Cover story.
- ↑ Finley, Bruce. "Biden: Men who don't stop violence against women are "cowards"", September 19, 2014.
- ↑ Domestic Violence. Biden senate website.
- ↑ govinfo.
- ↑ "Joe Biden Has Tense Exchange Over L.G.B.T.Q. Record", The New York Times, September 20, 2019.
- ↑ A. Del, Jose. Sanders attacks Biden's record on gay rights and women's issues.
- ↑ U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 104th Congress—2nd Session.
- ↑ Supreme Court rules states must allow same-sex marriage.
- ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 101.3 Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 366.
- ↑ "Obama introduces Biden as running mate", CNN, August 23, 2008.
- ↑ Longest Serving Senators. United States Senate.
- ↑ Gadsden, Brett. "Here's How Deep Biden's Busing Problem Runs", Politico, May 5, 2019.
- ↑ 105.0 105.1 Sokol, Jason. "How a Young Joe Biden Turned Liberals Against Integration", Politico, April 25, 2019.
- ↑ Raffel, Jeffrey A. (1998). Historical Dictionary of School Segregation and Desegregation: The American Experience. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-29502-7.
- ↑ Altman, Lawrence K.. "The Doctor's World; Subtle Clues Are Often The Only Warnings Of Perilous Aneurysms", The New York Times, February 23, 1998.
- ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 Altman, Lawrence K.. "Many Holes in Disclosure of Nominees' Health", October 19, 2008.
- ↑ "Biden Resting After Surgery For Second Brain Aneurysm", May 4, 1988.
- ↑ Woodward, Calvin. "V.P. candidate profile: Sen. Joe Biden", August 22, 2008.
- ↑ Dionne Jr., E. J.. "Biden Joins Campaign for the Presidency", The New York Times, June 10, 1987.
- ↑ 112.0 112.1 Toner, Robin. "Biden, Once the Field's Hot Democrat, Is Being Overtaken by Cooler Rivals", The New York Times, August 31, 1987.
- ↑ 113.0 113.1 Taylor (1990), p. 83.
- ↑ Taylor (1990), pp. 108-109.
- ↑ Dowd, Maureen. "Biden's Debate Finale: An Echo From Abroad", The New York Times, September 12, 1987.
- ↑ Randolph, Eleanor. "Plagiarism Suggestion Angers Biden's Aides", The Washington Post, September 13, 1987, p. A6.
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 "Differing Versions Cited on Source of Passages: Biden Facing New Flap Over Speeches", Los Angeles Times, September 16, 1987.
- ↑ (1989) Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars? The Trivial Pursuit of the Presidency 1988. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-51424-1.
- ↑ Dowd, Maureen. "Biden Is Facing Growing Debate On His Speeches", The New York Times, September 16, 1987.
- ↑ 120.0 120.1 Dionne, E. J., Jr.. "Biden Admits Plagiarism in School But Says It Was Not 'Malevolent'", The New York Times, September 18, 1987.
- ↑ May, Lee. "Biden Admits Plagiarism in Writing Law School Brief", Los Angeles Times, September 18, 1987.
- ↑ "Professional Board Clears Biden In Two Allegations of Plagiarism", The New York Times, May 29, 1989.
- ↑ Dionne, E. J., Jr.. "Biden Admits Errors and Criticizes Latest Report", The New York Times, September 22, 1987.
- ↑ 1988 Road to the White House with Sen. Biden. C-SPAN via YouTube (August 23, 2008).
- ↑ Flegenheimer, Matt. "Biden's First Run for President Was a Calamity. Some Missteps Still Resonate.", The New York Times, June 3, 2019.
- ↑ Pomper, Gerald M. (1989). "The Presidential Nominations", The Election of 1988. Chatham House Publishers. ISBN 0-934540-77-2.
- ↑ Dionne Jr., E. J.. "Biden Withdraws Bid for President in Wake of Furor", The New York Times, September 24, 1987.
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 Bronner, Battle for Justice, pp. 138–139, 214, 305.
- ↑ 129.0 129.1 129.2 Greenhouse, Linda. "Washington Talk: The Bork Hearings; For Biden: Epoch of Belief, Epoch of Incredulity", October 8, 1987.
- ↑ "Senate's Roll-Call On the Bork Vote", October 24, 1987.
- ↑ 131.0 131.1 Mayer; Abramson, Strange Justice, p. 213, 218, 336.
- ↑ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. "Clarence Thomas: A Silent Justice Speaks Out: Part VI: Becoming a Judge—and perhaps a Justice", ABC News, September 30, 2007.
- ↑ "Nina Totenberg, NPR Biography", NPR.
- ↑ "Excerpt from Nina Totenberg's breaking National Public Radio report on Anita Hill's accusation of sexual harassment by Clarence Thomas.", NPR, October 6, 1991.
- ↑ 135.0 135.1 135.2 Phillips, Kate. "Biden and Anita Hill, Revisited", August 23, 2008.
- ↑ "Joe Biden Expresses Regret to Anita Hill, but She Says 'I'm Sorry' Is Not Enough", The New York Times, April 25, 2019.
- ↑ Almanac of American Politics 2000, p. 372.
- ↑ "How the senators voted on impeachment", CNN, February 12, 1999.
- ↑ Pilkington, Ed. "How Biden Helped Create the Student Debt Problem He Now Promises to Fix", December 2, 2019.
- ↑ Verma, Pranshu. "Biden, an Amtrak Evangelist, Could Be a Lifeline for a Rail Agency in Crisis", The New York Times, October 24, 2020. (en-US)
- ↑ 141.0 141.1 141.2 141.3 Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 365.
- ↑ 142.0 142.1 142.2 142.3 142.4 142.5 142.6 142.7 142.8 "Joe Biden respected—if not always popular—for foreign policy record", August 24, 2008.
- ↑ Kessler, Glenn. "Meetings with Foreign Leaders? Biden's Been There, Done That", September 23, 2008.
- ↑ Clymer, Adam. "Congress Acts to Authorize War in Gulf", January 13, 1991.
- ↑ 145.0 145.1 145.2 145.3 145.4 Kessler, Glenn. "Biden Played Less Than Key Role in Bosnia Legislation", October 7, 2008.
- ↑ 146.0 146.1 Holmes, Elizabeth. "Biden, McCain Have a Friendship—and More—in Common", August 25, 2008.
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ Russert, Tim. "MTP Transcript for April 29, 2007", Meet the Press, NBC News, April 29, 2007, p. 2.
- ↑ Joe Biden championed the Iraq war. Will that come back to haunt him now? Template:Webarchive, The Guardian, Mark Weisbrot, February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
- ↑ 150.0 150.1 150.2 150.3 150.4 150.5 150.6 Traub, James. "After Cheney", November 24, 2009, p. MM34.
- ↑ Shanker, Thom. "Divided They Stand, but on Graves", August 19, 2007.
- ↑ 152.0 152.1 152.2 "U.S. vote unites Iraqis in anger", October 1, 2007.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), pp. 572–573.
- ↑ Henry, Ed. "Dems fire back at Bush on 'appeasement' statement", CNN, May 16, 2008.
- ↑ "Sen. Biden not running for president", CNN, August 12, 2003.
- ↑ Balz, Dan. "Biden Stumbles at the Starting Gate", The Washington Post, January 1, 2007.
- ↑ "Transcript: The Democratic Debate", ABC News, August 19, 2007.
- ↑ Farrell, Joelle. "A noun, a verb and 9/11", November 1, 2007.
- ↑ Conventions 2008: Sen. Joseph Biden (D). National Journal (August 25, 2008).
- ↑ Iowa Democratic Party Caucus Results. Iowa Democratic Party.
- ↑ Murray, Shailagh. "Biden, Dodd Withdraw From Race", The Washington Post, January 4, 2008.
- ↑ 162.0 162.1 162.2 162.3 162.4 (2010) Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-173363-5.
- ↑ 163.0 163.1 163.2 Wolffe, Renegade, p. 218.
- ↑ 164.0 164.1 164.2 Lizza, Ryan. "Biden's Brief", The New Yorker, October 20, 2008.
- ↑ 165.0 165.1 165.2 165.3 165.4 165.5 Cummings, Jeanne. "Joe Biden, 'the skunk at the family picnic'", The Politico, September 16, 2009.
- ↑ Vargas, Jose Antonio. "Obama's veep message to supporters", The Washington Post, August 23, 2008.
- ↑ "Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate", The New York Times, August 23, 2008.
- ↑ Dionne, E.J.. "Tramps Like Us: How Joe Biden will reassure working class voters and change the tenor of this week's convention", The New Republic, August 25, 2008.
- ↑ Wolffe, Renegade, p. 217.
- ↑ Travers, Karen. "VP Biden Keeping the Door Open for 2016?", Political Punch, ABC News, June 25, 2009.
- ↑ "Biden in 2016?", CNN, October 21, 2011.
- ↑ 172.0 172.1 172.2 172.3 172.4 Leibovich, Mark. "For a Blunt Biden, an Uneasy Supporting Role", May 8, 2012, p. 1.
- ↑ Gray, Alan. "Democrats Formally Nominate Barack Obama for U.S. Presidency", NewsBlaze, August 29, 2008.
- ↑ 174.0 174.1 174.2 174.3 174.4 Leibovich, Mark. "Meanwhile, the Other No. 2 Keeps On Punching", The New York Times, September 19, 2008.
- ↑ Tapper, Jake. "Joe Who?", ABC News, September 14, 2008.
- ↑ Jurkowitz, Mark (September 14, 2008). Northern Exposure Still Dominates the News. Pew Research Center.
- ↑ "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package", NY1, October 1, 2008.
- ↑ Witcover (2010), pp. 655–661.
- ↑ 179.0 179.1 179.2 Broder, John M.. "Hitting the Backroads, and Having Less to Say", October 30, 2008.
- ↑ 180.0 180.1 Tumulty, Karen. "Hidin' Biden: Reining In a Voluble No. 2", October 29, 2008.
- ↑ 181.0 181.1 McGrane, Victoria. "Where have you gone, Joe Biden?", November 3, 2008.
- ↑ "Biden reliable running mate despite gaffes", October 26, 2008.
- ↑ "Barack Obama wins presidential election", CNN, November 4, 2008.
- ↑ Franke-Ruta, Garance. "McCain Takes Missouri", November 19, 2008.
- ↑ "President—Election Center 2008", CNN.
- ↑ Chase, Randall. "Biden Wages 2 Campaigns At Once", Fox News, August 24, 2008.
- ↑ Nuckols, Ben. "Biden wins 7th Senate term but may not serve", November 4, 2008.
- ↑ 188.0 188.1 Gaudiano, Nicole. "A bittersweet oath for Biden", The News Journal, January 7, 2009.
- ↑ Turner, Trish. "Senate Releases $350 Billion in Bailout Funds to Obama", Fox News, January 15, 2009.
- ↑ Becker, Bernie. "Biden and Clinton Say Goodbye to Senate", January 15, 2009.
- ↑ Ted Kaufman.
- ↑ "Biden says he'll be different vice president", CNN, December 22, 2008.
- ↑ Holland, Steve. "Biden picks former Gore aide as chief of staff", Reuters, November 13, 2008.
- ↑ "What Obama promised Biden", CNN, December 21, 2008.
- ↑ Lee, Carol E.. "'Senator' Biden's trip raises concerns", Politico, January 6, 2009.
- ↑ "In culminating moment, Biden is vice president", OregonLive.com, January 20, 2009.
- ↑ "Think you know your election trivia?", CNN, November 3, 2008.
- ↑ "The First Catholic Vice President?", January 9, 2009.
- ↑ Gaudiano, Nicole. "VP's home awaits if Biden chooses", The News Journal, November 6, 2008.
- ↑ 200.0 200.1 Leibovich, Mark. "Speaking Freely, Biden Finds Influential Role", The New York Times, March 28, 2009.
- ↑ Chun, Kwang-Ho (2011). "Kosovo: A New European Nation-State?". Journal of International and Area Studies 18 (1): 91, 94. http://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/96517/1/5.Kosovo-A-New-European-Nation-State_Kwang-ho-Chun.pdf. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ↑ Dilanian, Ken. "In a supporting role, Clinton takes a low-key approach at State Dept.", USA Today, June 11, 2009.
- ↑ Smith, Ben. "Hillary Clinton toils in the shadows", Politico, June 23, 2009.
- ↑ 204.0 204.1 "An Inconvenient Truth Teller", October 10, 2009.
- ↑ Osnos, Evan. "Breaking Up: Maliki and Biden", The New Yorker, August 12, 2014.
- ↑ "Vice President Biden: Iraq "Could Be One of the Great Achievements of This Administration"", ABC News, February 11, 2010.
- ↑ "Iraq reinstates 59 election candidates", January 25, 2010.
- ↑ 208.0 208.1 208.2 208.3 Scherer, Michael. "Mo Joe", June 11, 2012, pp. 26–30.
- ↑ Crowley, Michael. "The war over President Obama's new war in Iraq", Politico, November 9, 2014.
- ↑ Scherer, Michael. "What Happened to the Stimulus?", Time, July 1, 2009.
- ↑ Travers, Karen. "'Sheriff Joe' Biden Touts Recovery Act Success—and Hands Over His Badge", ABC News, February 17, 2011.
- ↑ "White House adjusts Biden's swine flu advice", Los Angeles Times, May 1, 2009.
- ↑ "White House tempers Biden's swine flu advice", The Boston Globe, May 1, 2009.
- ↑ Kurtzman, Daniel. "The Week's Best Late-Night Jokes", About.com, May 8, 2009.
- ↑ "Biden: 'We misread how bad the economy was'", NBC News, July 5, 2009.
- ↑ 216.0 216.1 Baker, Peter. "Biden and Obama's 'Odd Couple' Relationship Aged Into Family Ties", The New York Times, April 28, 2019.
- ↑ Parnes, Amie. "Joe and Jill Biden's 'regular' lives", June 28, 2011.
- ↑ 218.0 218.1 Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Vice President Tries to Energize Democrats", October 12, 2010.
- ↑ 219.0 219.1 "Joe Biden expands role as White House link to Congress", December 9, 2010.
- ↑ 220.0 220.1 220.2 220.3 Cooper, Helene. "As the Ground Shifts, Biden Plays a Bigger Role", December 11, 2010.
- ↑ "Biden and G.O.P. Leader Helped Hammer Out Bipartisan Tax Accord", December 7, 2010.
- ↑ "Democrats Skeptical of Obama on New Tax Plan", December 7, 2010.
- ↑ "Obama Welcomes Budget Deal; Biden to Lead Talks", CNBC, March 2, 2011.
- ↑ Reid, Tim. "Q+A: Debt and deficit talks in early stages", Reuters, May 16, 2011.
- ↑ Gaudiano, Nicole. "Biden tasked with achieving consensus on cutting deficit", May 4, 2011. [Dead link]
- ↑ 226.0 226.1 "Joe Biden, Mitch McConnell and the making of a debt deal", August 2, 2011.
- ↑ 227.0 227.1 "The real drama was in private as debt deal hatched", Fox News, August 3, 2011.
- ↑ "Special report: How Washington took the U.S. to the brink", Reuters, August 3, 2011.
- ↑ Weigel, David. "Hillary Told the President That Her Opposition to the Surge in Iraq Had Been Political", Slate, January 10, 2014.
- ↑ Thiessen, Marc A.. "Biden's Bin Laden Hypocrisy", The Washington Post, October 8, 2012.
- ↑ Perks, Ashley. "Hillary Clinton's 'ass-covering' on bin Laden raid 'rattled' Biden", June 1, 2018.
- ↑ "Osama Bin Laden dead; President Obama addresses nation", May 2, 2011.
- ↑ 233.0 233.1 233.2 Martin, Jonathan. "Book Details Obama Aides' Talks About Replacing Biden on 2012 Ticket", October 31, 2013.
- ↑ Allen, Jonathan. "W.H.: Obama never considered dropping Joe Biden", November 1, 2013.
- ↑ Parsons, Christi. "Biden 'comfortable' with equal rights for gays who wed", May 6, 2012.
- ↑ 236.0 236.1 236.2 "AP source: Biden apologizes to Obama over comments", Fox News, May 10, 2012.
- ↑ 237.0 237.1 Thrush, Glenn. "Politico e-book: Obama campaign roiled by conflict", August 20, 2012.
- ↑ Thursh, Glenn. "6 hidden fault lines in President Obama's campaign", August 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Obama Says Same-Sex Marriage Should Be Legal", May 9, 2012.
- ↑ "Joe Biden Reportedly Apologized To Obama Over Gay Marriage Comments", Huffington Post, May 10, 2012.
- ↑ 241.0 241.1 241.2 Von Drehle, David. "Let There Be Joe", September 10, 2012, pp. 41–43.
- ↑ 242.0 242.1 Memoli, Michael A.. "Biden's unscripted moments keep campaign on its toes", August 17, 2012.
- ↑ Martin, Jonathan. "Mission Impossible: Managing Joe Biden", August 16, 2012.
- ↑ Siegel, Elyse. "Beau Biden Speech Kicks Of Motion To Nominate Father Joe Biden For Vice President", Huffington Post, September 6, 2012.
- ↑ O'Brien, Michael. "Biden plays aggressor in debate as Ryan makes GOP case", NBC News, October 11, 2012.
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- ↑ "Obama defeats Romney to win second term, vows he has 'more work to do'", Fox News, November 7, 2012.
- ↑ Memoli, Michael A.. "It's official: Obama, Biden win second term", January 4, 2013.
- ↑ Caldwell, Leigh Ann. "Obama sets up gun violence task force", CBS News, December 19, 2012.
- ↑ Demirjian, Karoun. "It's over: House passes 'fiscal cliff' deal", January 1, 2013.
- ↑ 251.0 251.1 Fram, Alan. "Congress' OK of fiscal cliff deal gives Obama a win, prevents GOP blame for tax boosts", January 2, 2013.
- ↑ Rampton, Roberta. "Vice President Biden sworn into office for second term", Reuters, January 20, 2013.
- ↑ "Anatomy of a shutdown", October 18, 2013.
- ↑ Gaudiano, Nicole. "Biden mostly out of sight as shutdown drags on", October 13, 2013.
- ↑ Bowman, Bridget. "Biden takes a back seat during budget negotiations over shutdown", PBS NewsHour, PBS, October 14, 2013.
- ↑ Rape and sexual assault: A renewed call to action. whitehouse.gov (January 2014).
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ Hayes, Dianne (2012). "Looking The Other Way?". Diverse: Issues in Higher Education.
- ↑ "Federal Effort Targets Sexual Assaults At Colleges", National Public Radio NPR, April 5, 2011. “BIDEN: Look, guys, no matter what a girl does, no matter how she's dressed, no matter how much she's had to drink, it's never, never, never, never, never OK to touch her without her consent.”
- ↑ "Biden Reaps the #MeToo Whirlwind", The Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2019. “While speaking to students at the University of New Hampshire in 2011, then-Vice President Joe Biden told men in the audience that 'no matter what a girl does, no matter how she's dressed, no matter how much she's had to drink—it's never, never, never, never, never OK to touch her without her consent.'”
- ↑ Friedersdorf, Conor. "Who to Blame If Arming the Syrian Rebels Goes Wrong", The Atlantic, September 18, 2014.
- ↑ Gerstein, Josh. "Was Joe Biden right?", June 13, 2014.
- ↑ Kitfield, James. "Turns Out, Joe Biden Was Right About Dividing Iraq", January 30, 2014.
- ↑ Grier, Peter. "Joe Biden vows to chase Islamic State to 'gates of hell'. Does he mean it?", September 3, 2014.
- ↑ Paz, Christian. "The Biden Doctrine Begins With Latin America", The Atlantic, October 26, 2020.
- ↑ Jaffe, Alexandra. The list of Democrats skipping Netanyahu's speech.
- ↑ "Biden offers condolences for Serbs killed in 1999 NATO air strikes", Reuters, August 16, 2016.
- ↑ Bytyci, Fatos. "'We owe you so much,' Kosovo to tell Biden as street named after late son", Reuters, August 15, 2016.
- ↑ Bezhan, Frud. "Word On The Street Is That Kosovo Has A Love Affair With Americans", August 17, 2016.
- ↑ "Trump and allies resume attacks on Biden's son as the Democrat surges", March 6, 2020.
- ↑ Bycoffe, Aaron (February 7, 2017). Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did: Break A Senate Tie. “Twelve vice presidents, including Biden, never broke a tie; Biden was the longest-serving vice president to never do so.”
- ↑ 272.0 272.1 Itkowitz, Colby. "There is a 'Draft Joe Biden' Super PAC Now; It's Even Hiring a Fundraiser", March 23, 2015.
- ↑ Dowd, Maureen. "Joe Biden in 2016: What Would Beau Do?", August 1, 2015.
- ↑ "Joe Biden Keeps Watchful Eye on 2016 Race", CNN, August 1, 2015.
- ↑ "Joe Biden still undecided on presidential run", BBC News, September 11, 2015.
- ↑ Mason, Jeff. "Biden says he will not seek 2016 Democratic nomination", October 21, 2015.
- ↑ "Comment Joe Biden Is Not Running For President In 2016", Huffington Post.
- ↑ "Joe Biden Decides Not to Enter Presidential Race".
- ↑ "Biden regrets not running for president 'every day'", TheHill, January 6, 2016.
- ↑ Joe Biden endorses Hillary Clinton. Politico.
- ↑ Shabad, Rebecca. "Joe Biden slams Donald Trump on wall, Muslim entry ban", CBS News, June 20, 2016.
- ↑ Parks, Maryalice. "Biden Says He Wishes He Could Take Trump 'Behind the Gym' Over Groping Comments", ABC, October 21, 2016.
- ↑ O'Brien, Sara Ashley. "Joe Biden: The fight against cancer is bipartisan", March 12, 2017.
- ↑ Kane, Paul. "Analysis | Biden wraps up book tour amid persistent questions about the next chapter", The Washington Post. (en-US)
- ↑ "Joe Biden earned $15.6 million in the two years after leaving the vice presidency", The Washington Post, July 9, 2019.
- ↑ Friedman, Megan. "Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain's Memorial", August 30, 2018.
- ↑ Hutchins, Ryan. "Biden backs Phil Murphy, says N.J. governor's race 'most important' in nation", Politico, May 28, 2017.
- ↑ "The Democratic candidates on foreign policy", Foreign Policy.
- ↑ Greenwood, Max. "Biden: Paris deal 'best way to protect' US leadership", May 31, 2017.
- ↑ "VP's LGBT comments raise eyebrows", Politico.com.
- ↑ Peoples, Steve. "Joe Biden to LGBT gala: 'Hold President Trump accountable'", June 21, 2017.
- ↑ "Brunei defends tough new Islamic laws against growing backlash", Reuters, March 30, 2019.
- ↑ "Joe Biden's Tax Returns Show More Than $15 Million in Income After 2016", The New York Times, July 9, 2019.
- ↑ Memoli, Michael. "Joe Biden wouldn't count out a 2020 run for president. But he was asked in an emotional moment", Los Angeles Times, December 5, 2016.
- ↑ Wright, David. "Biden stokes 2020 buzz on Colbert: 'Never say never'", CNN, December 7, 2016.
- ↑ Lang, Cady. "Joe Biden Discussed Running in 2020 With Stephen Colbert: 'Never Say Never'", Time, December 7, 2016.
- ↑ Revesz, Rachael. "Joe Biden: I will not run for president in 2020 but I am working to cure cancer", The Independent, January 13, 2017.
- ↑ Alter, Jonathan. "Joe Biden: 'I Wish to Hell I'd Just Kept Saying the Exact Same Thing'", January 17, 2017.
- ↑ Charnetzki, Tori. "New Quad City Super PAC: "Time for Biden"", WVIK, January 10, 2018.
- ↑ "Former vice president Joe Biden jumps into White House race", The Washington Post, April 25, 2019.
- ↑ Dovere, Edward-Isaac. "Biden's Anguished Search for a Path to Victory", The Atlantic, February 4, 2019.
- ↑ Kramer, Andrew E.. "Ukraine Pressured on U.S. Political Investigations", The New York Times, September 20, 2019.
- ↑ Isachenkov, Vladimir. "Ukraine's prosecutor says there is no probe into Biden", September 27, 2019. “Though the timing raised concerns among anti-corruption advocates, there has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either the former vice president or his son.”
- ↑ "White House 'tried to cover up details of Trump-Ukraine call'", BBC News, September 26, 2019. “There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.”
- ↑ Timm, Jane. "There's no evidence for Trump's Biden-Ukraine accusations. What really happened?", NBC News, September 25, 2019. “But despite Trump's continued claims, there's no evidence of wrongdoing on the part of either Biden.”
- ↑ "Trump Repeatedly Pressed Ukraine President to Investigate Biden's Son", September 21, 2019.
- ↑ Mackinnon, Amy. "Is Trump Trying to Get Ukraine to Take Out Biden for Him?", Foreign Policy, Graham Holdings, September 20, 2019.
- ↑ Donald Trump ad misleads about Joe Biden, Ukraine and the prosecutor (October 9, 2019).
- ↑ Kessler, Glenn (September 27, 2019). A quick guide to President Trump's false claims about Ukraine and the Bidens.
- ↑ Dale, Daniel (September 25, 2020). Fact check: What Trump has been getting wrong on Biden and Ukraine. CNN.
- ↑ In March 2016 testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, former ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst said, "By late fall of 2015, the EU and the United States joined the chorus of those seeking Mr. Shokin's removal" and that Joe Biden "spoke publicly about this before and during his December visit to Kyiv." During the same hearing, assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland said, "We have pegged our next $1Template:Nbspbillion loan guarantee, first and foremost, to having a rebooting of the reform coalition so that we know who we are working with, but secondarily, to ensuring that the prosecutor general's office gets cleaned up."Ukrainian Reforms Two Years After the Maidan Revolution and the Russian Invasion. U.S. Government Publishing Office (March 15, 2016).
- ↑ "NBC/WSJ poll: Former Vice-President Joe Biden frontrunner in race for Democratic nomination", WPSD-TV, December 19, 2019.
- ↑ Silver, Nate. "Biden Is The Front-Runner, But There's No Clear Favorite", FiveThirtyEight, January 10, 2020.
- ↑ 2020 Iowa Democratic Caucuses Live Results (February 3, 2020).
- ↑ "New Hampshire results", NBC News, February 11, 2020.
- ↑ 2020 Nevada Caucus Results.
- ↑ "Biden wins South Carolina, aims for Super Tuesday momentum", Associated Press, February 29, 2020.
- ↑ 5 Takeaways From Super Tuesday And Joe Biden's Big Night. NPR (March 4, 2020).
- ↑ "5 takeaways as Biden takes command of Democratic race on Super Tuesday II", CNN, March 11, 2020.
- ↑ Ember, Sydney. "Bernie Sanders Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Race for President", The New York Times, April 8, 2020.
- ↑ "Bernie Sanders Endorses Joe Biden for President", The New York Times, April 13, 2020.
- ↑ Merica, Dan. "Obama endorses Biden for president in video message", CNN, April 14, 2020.
- ↑ "Joe Biden commits to picking a woman as his running mate", Axios, March 16, 2020.
- ↑ Linskey, Annie. "Biden clinches the Democratic nomination after securing more than 1,991 delegates", The Washington Post, June 9, 2020.
- ↑ Biden VP pick: Kamala Harris chosen as running mate (August 11, 2020).
- ↑ "DNC Nominates Joe Biden to Lead Nation Through Pandemic", The Wall Street Journal, August 18, 2020.
- ↑ "Joe Biden officially becomes the Democratic Party's nominee on convention's second night", The Washington Post, August 19, 2020.
- ↑ Schultz, Marisa. "Democrats formally nominate Joe Biden for president in virtual roll call", Fox News, August 18, 2020.
- ↑ McGann, Laura. "Lucy Flores isn't alone. Joe Biden's got a long history of touching women inappropriately.", March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Biden Charms Photographers, Frightens Children at Final Swearing-In as VP. WNBC (January 3, 2017).
- ↑ Brice-Saddler, Michael. "Nevada Democrat accuses Joe Biden of touching and kissing her without consent at 2014 event", March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Henderson, Nia-Malika. "Joe Biden takes 'being Biden' to new heights (or depths)", February 17, 2015.
- ↑ Peralta, Eyder. "Joe Biden Gets A Bit Too Close To New Secretary Of Defense's Wife", NPR, February 17, 2015.
- ↑ Visentin, Lisa. "US Vice-President Joe Biden in new 'creepy' photo with wife of Defence Secretary Ashton Carter", February 18, 2015.
- ↑ Henderson, Nia-Malika. "Coons: My daughter doesn't think Joe Biden is 'creepy'", January 11, 2015.
- ↑ Wife of ex-Defense secretary defends Biden, says viral photo of them used 'misleadingly'.
- ↑ Sinha-Roy, Piya. "At Oscars, VP Joe Biden and Lady Gaga spotlight sexual assault", Reuters, February 29, 2016.
- ↑ O'Connor, Lydia. "Ex-Nevada Assemblywoman Says Joe Biden Inappropriately Kissed Her", HuffPost, March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Taylor, Jessica. "Former Nevada Candidate Accuses Biden Of Unwanted Touching, Which He Doesn't 'Recall'", NPR, March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Vigdor, Neil. "Connecticut woman says then-Vice President Joe Biden touched her inappropriately at a Greenwich fundraiser in 2009", Hartford Courant, April 1, 2019.
- ↑ Burke, Michael. "Two more women accuse Biden of inappropriate touching", April 2, 2019.
- ↑ "Biden's Tactile Politics Threaten His Return in the #MeToo Era", April 2, 2019.
- ↑ Three more women accuse Biden of unwanted affection, say apology video doesn't quell concerns. The Washington Post (April 3, 2019).
- ↑ "Nevada County woman says Joe Biden inappropriately touched her while working in his U.S. Senate office", The Union, April 3, 2019. “He used to put his hand on my shoulder and run his finger up my neck.”
- ↑ 345.0 345.1 "Examining Tara Reade's Sexual Assault Allegation Against Joe Biden", April 12, 2020.
- ↑ "Sexual assault allegation by former Biden Senate aide emerges in campaign, draws denial", April 12, 2020.
- ↑ Phillips, Amber. "What we know about Tara Reade's sexual assault allegation against Joe Biden", May 1, 2020.
- ↑ Multiple sources:
"As Joe Biden struggles to shed baggage, other Democrats move forward", Los Angeles Times, April 5, 2019.
"Joe Biden, in video, says he will be 'more mindful' of personal space", April 3, 2019.
Blake, Aaron. "Biden's new video is well done. But it's not an apology", April 3, 2019. - ↑ Mahdawi, Arwa (March 28, 2020). Why has the media ignored sexual assault and misbehaviour allegations against Biden?.
- ↑ "First on CNN: GSA tells Biden that transition can formally begin", CNN, November 23, 2020.
- ↑ The violence and conspiracy theories Trump fueled will threaten America long after he leaves.
- ↑ 6 conspiracy theories about the 2020 election – debunked.
- ↑ Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone?.
- ↑ Beer, Tommy. Romney Rebukes Marjorie Taylor Greene And Trump: 'Lies Of A Feather Flock Together'.
- ↑ Transcript of Trump's Speech at Rally Before US Capitol Riot.
- ↑ Kimble, Lindsay. Joe Biden Calls on Donald Trump to 'Step Up' amid Chaos Led by 'Extremists' at Capitol.
- ↑ Biden urges restoring decency after 'assault' on democracy.
- ↑ "Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol", January 6, 2021.
- ↑ Joe Biden receives Covid vaccine on live television, encourages Americans to get inoculated (December 21, 2020).
- ↑ "Biden receives the coronavirus vaccine.", The New York Times, December 21, 2020. (en-US)
- ↑ Kalich, Sydney (January 11, 2021). President-elect Biden receives final COVID-19 vaccine dose (en-US).
- ↑ 362.0 362.1 "Taking helm of divided nation, U.S. President Biden calls for end to 'uncivil war'", Reuters, January 20, 2021.
- ↑ "Biden inauguration: New president sworn in amid Trump snub", BBC News, January 20, 2021. (en-GB)
- ↑ NBC News (January 19, 2021). Biden to become the second Catholic president in U.S. history, after JFK (en).
- ↑ Delaware history is made: The First State gets its first president in Joe Biden (en-US) (November 7, 2020).
- ↑ Azari, Julia. "Biden Had To Fight For The Presidential Nomination. But Most VPs Have To.", FiveThirtyEight, August 20, 2020.
- ↑ Biden's first act: Orders on pandemic, climate, immigration (January 20, 2021).
- ↑ Erikson, Bo (January 20, 2021). Biden signs executive actions on COVID, climate change, immigration and more (en-US).
- ↑ Joe Biden is taking executive action at a record pace. The Economist (January 22, 2021).
- ↑ Biden signs executive orders aimed at combating hunger, protecting workers. Politico (January 22, 2021).
- ↑ "Biden will issue executive order to rescind Keystone XL pipeline permit", Axios, January 20, 2021.
- ↑ Massie, Graeme. "Canada's Trudeau 'disappointed' with Biden order to cancel Keystone pipeline", The Independent, January 23, 2021.
- ↑ "TC Energy cuts jobs as Keystone pipeline nixed, but markets start to move on", Reuters, January 21, 2021. (en)
- ↑ With 28 Executive Orders Signed, President Biden Is Off To A Record Start (February 3, 2021).
- ↑ Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen (February 5, 2021).
- ↑ US carries out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian backed militias. CNN (February 25, 2021).
- ↑ U.S. Congress, H.R. 1319, United States Congress, March 11, 2021
- ↑ Here's what's in Biden's $1.9 trillion economic rescue package (2021-01-14).
- ↑ "Here are the highlights of Biden's $1.9 trillion 'American Rescue Plan.'", The New York Times, 2021-01-14. (en-US)
- ↑ What's in the Stimulus Bill? A Guide to Where the $1.9 Trillion Is Going.
- ↑ "Biden administration faces pressure on immigration amid influx", Al Jazeera, March 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Biden will deploy FEMA to care for teenagers and children crossing border in record numbers", The Washington Post, March 14, 2021.
- ↑ Kruzel, John. "Biden says he was a staunchly liberal senator. He wasn't", May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Smith, Sean (November 15, 2020). Be warned Joe Biden – centrism is no longer a safe haven in politics. The Independent.
- ↑ Hook, Janet (August 12, 2020). Picking Harris, Biden puts centrist stamp on Democrats' future. Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ "Opinion | How Joe Biden is moving left while still being seen as a moderate", July 16, 2020.
- ↑ The Pandemic Has Pushed Biden To The Left. How Far Will He Go? (May 21, 2020).
- ↑ Shifting farther to the left, Biden is now a Bernie Bro (August 8, 2020).
- ↑ Kiely, Kathy. "Judging Judge Roberts: A look at the Judiciary Committee", September 12, 2005. See also: 2008 U.S. Senate Votes. American Conservative Union. Lifetime rating is given.
- ↑ Biden, Joe. "Assessing the Recovery Act: 'The best is yet to come'", whitehouse.gov, February 5, 2017.
- ↑ 391.0 391.1 Biden, Joe. "Biden: Mubarak Is Not a Dictator, But People Have a Right to Protest", January 27, 2011.
- ↑ Hockenberry, John. "Vice President Joe Biden pushes mass transit spending", April 23, 2009.
- ↑ Biden, Joe (June 23, 2011). Statement by Vice President Biden On the Bipartisan Debt Talks. whitehouse.gov.
- ↑ Competing Visions: President Obama, Rep. Paul Ryan, Sen. Patty Murray, and House Progressives Release Budget Proposals for 2014. National Priorities Project (April 10, 2013).
- ↑ "Joe Biden pledges to roll back Trump's corporate tax cuts on 'day one,' saying it won't hurt businesses' ability to hire", Business Insider, September 11, 2020.
- ↑ "Biden pledges to roll back Trump's tax cuts: 'A lot of you may not like that'", Fox Business, June 30, 2020.
- ↑ "Final Senate Vote on NAFTA", Public Citizen.
- ↑ Mike Lillis (January 28, 2016). Biden coaxes Dems on Obama trade deal.
- ↑ 399.0 399.1 Dan Diamond, Biden unveils health care plan: Affordable Care Act 2.0 Template:Webarchive, Politico (July 15, 2019).
- ↑ Bill Barrow, Biden aggressively defends the Affordable Care Act Template:Webarchive, Associated Press (July 15, 2019).
- ↑ Scott, Dylan. "Joe Biden has a chance to finish the work of Obamacare", Vox, August 20, 2020. (en)
- ↑ Dannenfelser, Marjorie (March 19, 2020). Biden's Pro-Abortion Stance Will Cost Him Moderate Voters. RealClearPolitics.
- ↑ Biden, Joe. "May 6: Joe Biden, Kelly Ayotte, Diane Swonk, Tom Brokaw, Chuck Todd", NBC News, May 6, 2013.
- ↑ Lerer, Lisa. "When Joe Biden Voted to Let States Overturn Roe v. Wade", The New York Times, March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Siders, Dave (June 22, 2019). Biden calls for enshrining Roe v. Wade in federal law. Politico.
- ↑ Presidential Candidates views on ANWR, The Democrats. Arctic Power.
- ↑ Kranish, Michael. "Joe Biden let police groups write his crime bill. Now, his agenda has changed.", The Washington Post, June 9, 2020.
- ↑ Biden repeatedly pushed bill in Senate that critics said would have made investigating police officers for misconduct more difficult. CNN (June 10, 2020).
- ↑ "A look at the environmental record of Joe Biden, Barack Obama's running mate", January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "Joe Biden's bold climate policies would leave Australia behind", The Guardian, September 2, 2020.
- ↑ "Trump's And Biden's Plans For The Environment", October 16, 2020.
- ↑ "How Biden would use trade agreements to fight global warming", Politico, October 14, 2020.
- ↑ "Biden's hands may be tied on Trump's China tariffs, trade experts say", CNBC, September 8, 2020.
- ↑ Biden, Joseph R. (January 23, 2020). Why America Must Lead Again.
- ↑ Remarks by President Biden on America's Place in the World. The White House (February 4, 2021).
- ↑ "President Biden Raises Human Rights and Trade Concerns in First Call With China's Xi", TIME, February 8, 2021.
- ↑ "Joe Biden's China Journey", The New York Times, September 6, 2020.
- ↑ Foreign Policy, Joseph R. Biden Jr. Template:Webarchive, New York Times (2000).
- ↑ Peter Baker, A Biden Run Would Expose Foreign Policy Differences With Hillary Clinton Template:Webarchive, New York Times (October 10, 2015): "She argued for the military intervention that ultimately toppled Muammar el-Qaddaf in Libya while he opposed it."
- ↑ Biden and Obama's 'Odd Couple' Relationship Aged Into Family Ties Template:Webarchive, New York Times (April 28, 2019): "He was also the in-house skeptic on the use of force, arguing against a troop surge to Afghanistan, military intervention in Libya and the raid that killed Osama bin Laden."
- ↑ Wehner, Peter. "Biden Was Wrong On the Cold War", The Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ Robert Farley. "Biden's Record on Iraq War", FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center, September 10, 2019.
- ↑ Where does Joe Biden stand on anti-Semitism, Israel and other issues that matter to Jewish voters in 2020? Template:Webarchive, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (December 12, 2019).
- ↑ "The Democratic candidates on foreign policy", Foreign Policy.
- ↑ Joseph R. Biden, Jr. – Council on Foreign Relations.
- ↑ 2020 presidential election Template:Webarchive, Engage Cuba Coalition (last accessed May 1, 2020).
- ↑ July 2020, Rafi Letzter-Staff Writer 07. The US formally announced its withdrawal from the World Health Organization (en).
- ↑ Matthew Lee & Weissert, Biden eyes major foreign policy shifts if he wins Template:Webarchive, Associated Press (August 1, 2020).
- ↑ "Biden urged to extend U.S.-Russia arms treaty for full 5 years without conditions", Reuters, November 25, 2020.
- ↑ "Reviving nuclear arms control under Biden", Brookings Institution, December 1, 2020.
- ↑ Wallsten, Peter. "Demographics part of calculation: Biden adds experience, yes, but he could also help with Catholics, blue-collar whites and women", August 24, 2008.
- ↑ "A look at Biden's net worth", August 24, 2008.
- ↑ Broder, John M.. "Biden Releases Tax Returns, in Part to Pressure Rivals", The New York Times, September 13, 2008.
- ↑ Mooney, Alexander. "Biden tax returns revealed", CNN, September 12, 2008.
- ↑ 237 Millionaires in Congress.
- ↑ How Much Is President Joe Biden Worth?.
- ↑ How Much Is President Joe Biden Worth?.
- ↑ Borden, Taylor. President-elect Joe Biden just turned 78. Here's how he went from 'Middle-Class Joe' to millionaire..
- ↑ Tindera, Michela. Here's How Much 2020 Presidential Candidate Joe Biden Is Worth.
- ↑ Themal, Harry F.. "Biden says he's on track for 2008 run", The News Journal, January 23, 2006.
- ↑ Baldoni, John. How Empathy Defines Joe Biden (en).
- ↑ Nagle, Molly (2020-12-19). Nearly 50 years after death of wife and daughter, empathy remains at Joe Biden's core (en).
- ↑ "Joe Biden, Emissary of Grief", The New York Times, 2020-06-11. (en-US)
- ↑ "Transcripts", The Situation Room, CNN, January 12, 2006.
- ↑ Smith, Ben. "Biden, enemy of the prepared remarks", Politico, December 2, 2008.
- ↑ Tapper, Jake. "A Biden Problem: Foot in Mouth", ABC News, January 31, 2007.
- ↑ Seelye, Katharine Q.. "Senate Struggles to Pay Attention to the Remapping of NATO", March 19, 1998.
- ↑ Halperin, Mark. "Halperin on Biden: Pros and Cons", August 23, 2008.
- ↑ 'I am a gaffe machine': a history of Joe Biden's biggest blunders (en) (25 April 2019).
- ↑ Honorary Degree Recipients. University of Scranton (2008).
- ↑ Honorary Degree Recipients. Saint Joseph's University.
- ↑ Senator Biden to Address 123rd Commencement Rites On May 19. Emerson College (May 2003).
- ↑ Honorary Degrees (May 9, 2018).
- ↑ Honorary Degree Citation for Joseph R. Biden Jr.. University of Delaware (May 29, 2004).
- ↑ "Commencements", Boston Globe, May 23, 2005.
- ↑ SU Archives: Awards and Honors—Recipient of Honorary Degrees. Archives. Syracuse University.
- ↑ Honorary Degrees. Wake Forest University.
- ↑ Documents & Publications. University of Pennsylvania.
- ↑ Riley, Patrick. "Vice President Joe Biden hails need for immigration reform at Miami Dade College graduation", Miami Herald, May 3, 2014.
- ↑ Sexton, Megan (April 9, 2014). Vice President Joe Biden to deliver UofSC commencement address. University of South Carolina.
- ↑ US Vice President Joe Biden Receives Honorary Doctorate from Trinity College. Trinity College Dublin (June 24, 2016).
- ↑ Joe Biden to speak at Colby College commencement. Portland Press Herald (April 17, 2017).
- ↑ Lucas, Tramon (April 14, 2017). Former Vice President Joe Biden Is MSU's Spring 2017 Commencement Speaker. The Spokesman. Morgan State University.
- ↑ Kates, William. "Biden tells Syracuse University graduates they have special opportunity to help shape history", Newsday, May 10, 2009.
- ↑ Five SU alumni to be honored with Arents Awards. Syracuse University (May 25, 2005).
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ Haider, Zeeshan. "Pakistan gives awards to Biden, Lugar for support", Reuters, October 28, 2008.
- ↑ Hero's welcome for Biden in Kosovo. Sina Corp (May 5, 2009).
- ↑ Hall of Fame. Delaware Volunteer Firemen's Association.
- ↑ Hall of Excellence. Little League Baseball.
- ↑ Biden, Boehner receive high Catholic honor (May 16, 2016).
- ↑ Hale, Christopher J. (May 16, 2016). Joe Biden and John Boehner: Our Faith Inspires Political Compromise.
- ↑ Louth County Council Bestows Freedom of County Louth on The US Vice President Joe Biden. Louth County Council.
- ↑ "Obama awards Biden Presidential Medal of Freedom", Boston Globe, January 12, 2017.
- ↑ Shear, Michael D.. "Obama Surprises Joe Biden With Presidential Medal of Freedom", The New York Times, January 12, 2017.
- ↑ Welsh, Teresa. "Biden surprised with Presidential Medal of Freedom", The Miami Herald, January 12, 2017.
- ↑ Penn's New Home in Washington University of Pennsylvania, Office of the Provost. 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2021
- ↑ Bothum, Peter (December 11, 2018). UD establishes Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration. UDaily. University of Delaware.
- ↑ Alter, Charlotte (December 2020). Joe Biden and Kamala Harris Are TIME's 2020 Person of the Year (en).
References
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Gadsen, Brett (October 8, 2012). Between North and South: Delaware, Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812207972.
(2019) Barack and Joe: The Making of an Extraordinary Partnership. Hachette. ISBN 9780316487887.
(1994) Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0395633184.
(1987) Current Biography Yearbook 1987. New York: H. W. Wilson Company.
Wolffe, Richard (2009). Renegade: The Making of a President. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 9780307463128.
Taylor, Paul (1990). See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-57059-6.
Witcover, Jules (2010). Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption. New York City: William Morrow. ISBN 9780061791987. Template:Refend
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