Computer shell

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In computing, a shell provides an interface for a user to interact with the computer. These vary from typing commands and receiving output as line-by-line text (a command-line interface) to graphical user interfaces with windows, menus, and pointing-device cursors to touch interfaces and voice-driven interfaces.

Uses

The "shell" is useed in a number of ways, even though modern computer systems all use a Graphic User Interface. Every major computer system has some way to access the shell. In Windows, for example, it can be accessed through the Command Prompt. It is sometimes put to use by the operator for maintenance or advanced operations. Files can also be created in some systems to give the shell a list of commands to execute, can be used for a wide variety of things. In Windows, this would be called a batch file. The shell is also openly used by some program compilers.

Examples

  • Bash, the Bourne-Again SHell[1], sh.
  • COMMAND.COM
  • Program Manager
  • Presentation Manager
  • The Apple Macintosh Finder
  • KDE
  • PowerShell
  • Google Chrome


Prescient Quotes on Computer Shell-level Surveillance

See Also


Contrast with:

External Links

References

  1. ↑ http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#What-is-Bash_003f
  2. ↑ "Help make mass surveillance of entire populations uneconomical! We all have an unalienable right to privacy, which you can exercise today by encrypting your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary products and services."
  3. ↑ "Help make mass surveillance of entire populations uneconomical. We all have a right to privacy, which you can exercise today by encrypting your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary services."
  4. ↑ "Organization formed in 1990 to maintain and enhance intellectual freedom, privacy, and other values of civil liberties and democracy in networked communications. Publishes newsletters, Internet Guidebooks and other documents, provides mailing lists and other online forums, and hosts a large electronic document archive. Contact: info@eff.org. 454 Shotwell Street, San Francisco, CA 94110-1914. Tel: (415) 436-9333. Fax: (415) 436-9993. Executive Director: Sheryl Steele."
  5. ↑ "EPIC was established in 1994 to focus public attention on emerging privacy issues relating to the National Information Infrastructure, such as the Clipper Chip, the Digital Telephony proposal, medical records privacy and the sale of consumer data. EPIC conducts litigation, sponsors conferences, produces reports, publishes the EPIC Alert and leads campaigns on privacy issues. For more information email: epic-info@epic.org, or contact EPIC, 1718 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009. Tel: (202) 483-1140. Executive Director: Marc Rotenberg."
  6. ↑ "CAUCE is an all volunteer, entirely web-based organization, created by Netizens to advocate for a legislative solution to the problem of UCE (spam). CAUCE began as a discussion group called SPAM-LAW, formed of members who felt that legislation was necessary to stop spam from choking the life out of the Internet. In 1997 CAUCE proposed an amendment to the Federal statute which outlaws junk "faxes" (47 USC 227) to also prohibit junk e-mail, and since then has remained a pre-eminent voice in the anti-spam community. Email: comments@cauce.org. President: Edward Cherlin."
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