Difference between revisions of "Bible"

From Conservapedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Reverted edits by Critic (Talk); changed back to last version by Karajou)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
[[Image:800px-Crop Book of Isaiah 2006-06-06.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Holy Bible, opened to the Book of Isaiah.]]
 
[[Image:800px-Crop Book of Isaiah 2006-06-06.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Holy Bible, opened to the Book of Isaiah.]]
−
The '''Bible''' is the collection of canonical religious texts in Christianity.
+
The '''Bible''', or the '''Holy Scriptures''', is the collection of texts sacred to Judaism and Christianity, and consists of two parts: the thirty-nine books of the Jewish faith known as the '''Tanakh''', or the [[Old Testament]]; and the twenty-seven books and letters of the [[New Testament]] of the Christian faith.  Originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, the Bible has been translated in more than two thousand languages worldwide, and it remains the most-widely distributed book in history; in terms of sales it has gone beyond calculation. The influence and impact the Bible has had on literature, culture, and history is enormous as well.
−
Most Christians believe that the men and women who wrote and translated the Bible were under Divine Inspiration, and/or that the Bible is God's infallible Word to humanity.
 
−
 
 
−
The "canon" is the standard set of scriptural books which are deemed to represent the Word of God, as opposed to books which are considered wise or inspirational but not authoritative. The canon has evolved over time.
 
−
 
 
−
Some books counted as part of the Bible by the [[Roman Catholic Church]]—such as the books of ''Tobit'', ''Judith'', ''1st and 2nd Maccabees'', ''The Wisdom of Solomon (or Ecclesiasticus)'', and ''ben Sirach''—are regarded as non-canonical by Protestants. Some modern Protestant Bibles, following the example set by the original King James Version, include these books but categorize them as [[Apocrypha]]; most omit them. It is not clear whether they form part of the word of God or not.
 
−
 
 
−
The early church's determination of the [[canon]] was based on several criteria, including authorship, consistency with the rest of Scripture, and the level of general acceptance at the time. <ref>http://www.gotquestions.org/canon-Bible.html</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Protestants value direct access to the Bible by worshipers, without the need for intervention or interpretation by clergy. The translation of the Bible into "common" languages such as German and English, and the development of printing by [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]], were motivated by the Protestant desire to make the Bible accessible to everyone.
 
  
 
==Books of the Bible==
 
==Books of the Bible==
−
 
 
===The Old Testament===
 
===The Old Testament===
−
The [[Old Testament]], or [[Hebrew Bible]] consists of 39 books. "Hebrew" in "[[Hebrew Bible]]" may refer to either the [[Hebrew language]] or to the [[Hebrew people]] who historically used Hebrew as a spoken language, and have continuously used the language in prayer and study, or both.
+
The [[Old Testament]], also called the [[Hebrew Bible]] or Tanakh, consists of thirty-nine books. The books themselves were originally written in [[Hebrew]], and later on in Aramaic. The Old Testament is divided in three ("Tanakh") within the Jewish community: the [[Torah]] ("Law"), or [[Pentateuch]], the five books of [[Moses]]; [[Nevi'im]] ("Prophets"), and [[Ketuvim]] ("Writings,” or [[Hagiographa]]). Here the arrangment of the books differs somewhat from the Old Testament as used by Christians, however the actual writing of each book remains the same.
−
As used by the Jewish community, the word ''Tanakh'' describes the three parts of the Hebrew Bible: the [[Torah]] ("Teaching or Law"), and also known as the [[Pentateuch]], the five books of [[Moses]]; [[Nevi'im]] ("Prophets"), and [[Ketuvim]] ("Writings,” or [[Hagiographa]]). The arrangment of the books in this way is common within the Jewish community; within the familiar Bibles of the English-speaking world the arrangement differs, however the actual writing of each book remains the same.
 
  
 
====Torah====
 
====Torah====
−
The books of the Torah are also known as the five books of Moses, thus [[Chumash]] or [[Pentateuch]] (Hebrew and Greek for "five," respectively):
 
−
 
 
*[[Genesis]]
 
*[[Genesis]]
 
*[[Exodus]]
 
*[[Exodus]]
Line 26: Line 13:
 
*[[Deuteronomy]]
 
*[[Deuteronomy]]
  
−
The Torah focuses on three moments in the changing relationship between God and people.
+
The first eleven chapters of Genesis provide the account of the [[Creation]], the history of God's early relationship with humanity, and the [[Deluge]] of [[Noah]]. The remaining thirty-nine chapters detail the account of God's covenant with the early Hebrew nation, led by the patriarchs [[Abraham]], [[Isaac]] and [[Jacob]] (or Israel), and one of Jacob's children, [[Joseph]]. It tells the beginnings of God's chosen people, of how God commanded Abraham to leave his family and home to settle in the land of [[Canaan]], and how the Children of Israel later moved to Egypt. The remainder of the Torah, begining with Exodus, tells the story of the great Hebrew leader [[Moses]], and of the Hebrews through their sojurn and slavery in Egypt, their escape from bondage, and their wanderings in the desert until they finaly enter the Promised Land.
−
*The first eleven chapters of Genesis provide accounts of the [[Creation]] of the world, the history of God's early relationship with humanity, and the the [[Deluge]] of [[Noah]].  
 
−
*The remaining thirty-nine chapters of Genesis provide an account of God's covenant with the Hebrew patriarchs, [[Abraham]], [[Isaac]] and [[Jacob]] (also called [[Israel]]), and Jacob's children (the "[[Children of Israel]]"), especially [[Joseph]]. It tells of how God commanded Abraham to leave his family and home in the city of [[Ur]], eventually to settle in the land of [[Canaan]], and how the Children of Israel later moved to Egypt.
 
−
*The remaining four books of the Torah tell the story of [[Moses]], who lived hundreds of years after the patriarchs. His story coincides with the story of the liberation of the Children of Israel from slavery in [[Ancient Egypt]], to the renewal of their covenant with God at [[Mount Sinai]], and their wanderings in the desert until a new generation would be ready to enter the land of Canaan. The Torah ends with the death of Moses.
 
  
 
====Nevi'im====
 
====Nevi'im====
−
The [[Nevi'im]], or "Prophets," tells the story of the rise of the Hebrew monarchy, its division into two kingdoms, and the prophets who, in God's name, judged the kings and the Children of Israel. It ends with the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians and the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah by the Babylonians, and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. Portions of the prophetic books are read by Jews on the Sabbath ([[Shabbat]]). The [[Book of Jonah]] is read on [[Yom Kippur]]. According to Jewish tradition, Nevi'im is divided into eight books.
+
The [[Nevi'im]] is the story of the rise toward, and ultimately reaching, the Hebrew monarchy, the sad division into two kingdoms, and the prophets who judged the kings and the Children of Israel in God's name. It ends with the conquest of both kingdoms and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.
−
 
 
 
* I. [[Joshua]]
 
* I. [[Joshua]]
 
* II. [[Judges]]
 
* II. [[Judges]]
Line 56: Line 39:
  
 
====Ketuvim====
 
====Ketuvim====
−
The [[Ketuvim]], or "Writings," contain lyrical poetry, philosophical reflections on life, and the stories of the prophets and other Jewish leaders during the Babylonian exile. It ends with the Persian decree allowing Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple.
+
The [[Ketuvim]], or "Writings," contain lyrical poetry, philosophical reflections on life, and the writings of the prophets and other Jewish leaders during the exile in Babylon.
−
 
 
−
Ketuvim contains eleven books:
 
 
* [[Psalms]]
 
* [[Psalms]]
 
* [[Proverbs]]
 
* [[Proverbs]]
Line 71: Line 52:
 
* [[Books of Chronicles]]  
 
* [[Books of Chronicles]]  
  
−
According to Rabbinic tradition, many of the psalms in the book of [[Psalms]] are attributed to [[David]]; [[Solomon]] is believed to have written [[Song of Songs]] in his youth, the Proverbs in his prime, and Ecclesiastes during his old age.  The prophet [[Jeremiah]] is thought to have written Lamentations at the start of the [[Babylonian Exile]]. The Book of Ruth is the only biblical book that centers entirely on a non-Jew, a [[Moab]]ite) who married a Jew and, upon his death, followed in the ways of the Jews, ultimately becoming an ancestor of King David and Jesus Christ. Five of the books, called "The Five Scrolls" (Megilot), are read on Jewish holidays: Song of Songs on [[Passover]]; the Book of Ruth on [[Shavuot]]; Lamentations on the [[Ninth of Av]]; Ecclesiastes on [[Sukkot]]; and the Book of Esther on [[Purim]].  Esther is unique as it is the only book in the Bible not to mention God.
+
[[David]] has been named as the author of the Psalms; [[Solomon]] is believed to have written Song of Songs in his youth, the Proverbs in his prime, and Ecclesiastes during his old age.  The prophet [[Jeremiah]] is thought to have written the aptly-named Lamentations at the beginning of the exile in Babylon. The Book of Ruth is the only biblical book that centers entirely on a non-Jew, a [[Moab]]ite) who married a Jew and became an ancestor of both David and Jesus Christ. Esther is unique as it is the only book in the Bible not to mention God.  Moses is considered to be the author of Job.
  
 
===The New Testament===
 
===The New Testament===
−
The Bible as used by the majority of [[Christians]] includes the Hebrew Bible in its part as the Old Testament together with the [[New Testament]], which relates the life and teachings of [[Jesus Christ]], the [[Epistles]], or letters, of the [[Apostle Paul]] and other disciples to the early church, and ending with the [[Book of Revelation]].
+
The [[New Testament]] is a collection of twenty-seven books and letters, written by the early Christian community, and written primarily in [[Greek]]. The emphasis of the New Testament is the life, teachings, and gift of salvation from the central figure of the whole work, Jesus of Nazareth. These books are grouped into the following:
−
 
 
−
The [[New Testament]] is a collection of 27 books and letters, produced by the early Christian community, with [[Jesus]] as its central figure, written primarily in [[Koine Greek]]. Nearly all Christians recognize the New Testament as canonical. These books can be grouped into:
 
 
   
 
   
 
====[[The Gospels]]====
 
====[[The Gospels]]====
−
The Gospels contain the history of Jesus of Nazareth.  The Acts of the Apostles are a continuence of the Gospels, documenting the history of the early church, beginning immediately following Jesus' death and resurrection.  
+
The Gospels contain the history of Jesus.  The Acts of the Apostles are a continuence of the Gospels, documenting the history of the early church, beginning immediately following Jesus' death and resurrection.  
 
*[[Gospel of Matthew]]
 
*[[Gospel of Matthew]]
 
*[[Gospel of Mark]]
 
*[[Gospel of Mark]]
Line 134: Line 113:
  
 
==History of the Bible==
 
==History of the Bible==
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
== Related articles ==
 
−
*[[Bible exegesis]]
 
−
*[[Bible inerrancy]]
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
Line 175: Line 148:
 
* [http://www.dynamicbible.com/ King James Version built using AJAX technologies], with Strongs and Greek Morphological Codes by Robinson.
 
* [http://www.dynamicbible.com/ King James Version built using AJAX technologies], with Strongs and Greek Morphological Codes by Robinson.
 
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/index.htm#index The Hypertext Bible] with side-by-side translations in English, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew at the [[Internet Sacred Text Archive]]
 
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/index.htm#index The Hypertext Bible] with side-by-side translations in English, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew at the [[Internet Sacred Text Archive]]
−
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/ Bible Gateway at GospelCom.net] text search in any one of many translations/languages, or lookup complete passages in up to five different translations/languages at once. Select from among NIV, NASB, MSG, AMP, NLT, KJV, ESV, CEV, NKJV, ASV, NLV, NIrV and many others.
+
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/ Bible Gateway at GospelCom.net] text search in any one of many translations.
−
* [http://www.thebricktestament.com/index.html The Brick Testament] — Bible stories accurately rendered, illustrated in Lego(tm) blocks
+
* [http://www.thebricktestament.com/index.html The Brick Testament] — Bible stories as told by LEGO(tm)
−
* [http://www.biblereadthrough.com/ Bible Read-Through] — read through the Bible aid that has a standard one year read through as well as the ability to design your own read through.
+
* [http://www.biblereadthrough.com/ Bible Read-Through] — read through the Bible in a year aid.
−
* [http://www.TheFreeBible.com/ TheFreeBible.com] provides free Bible software downloads
+
* [http://www.TheFreeBible.com/ TheFreeBible.com] Bible software downloads
−
* [http://www.scripture4all.org/ Interlinear (word-by-word) translation of the Christian Bible] from the original Hebrew and Koine Greek
+
* [http://www.scripture4all.org/ Interlinear (word-by-word) translation of the Christian Bible] Hebrew and Koine Greek
 
* [http://www.aramaicpeshitta.com/aramaic_nt_resources.htm Aramaic New Testament resources]
 
* [http://www.aramaicpeshitta.com/aramaic_nt_resources.htm Aramaic New Testament resources]
 
* [http://www.spcm.org/en/versions.php Over 40 versions of the Bible]
 
* [http://www.spcm.org/en/versions.php Over 40 versions of the Bible]
Line 186: Line 159:
 
* [http://www.spcm.org/LSG_FR/ Bible — Louis Segond de 1910]
 
* [http://www.spcm.org/LSG_FR/ Bible — Louis Segond de 1910]
 
* [http://www.wbtc.com/site/PageServer?pagename=downloads_spanish Spanish Bible] PDT version
 
* [http://www.wbtc.com/site/PageServer?pagename=downloads_spanish Spanish Bible] PDT version
−
* [http://www.latinvulgate.com/christverse.aspx Complete Sayings of Christ] (long download)
+
* [http://www.latinvulgate.com/christverse.aspx Complete Sayings of Christ]
−
* [http://bible.crosswalk.com/ParallelBible/ Crosswalk.com Parallel Bible] to see two versions side by side, any of NAS, ASV, ESV, NKJV, KJV, NLT, NRS, GNT, WEB, MSG, NIV, NIrV and many others.
+
* [http://bible.crosswalk.com/ParallelBible/ Crosswalk.com Parallel Bible]
−
* [http://www.blueletterbible.org/search.html#verse Blue Letter Bible] provides resources on a verse by verse basis, such as commentaries, definitions, concordance with Hebrew/Greek, related information and parallel bible on the one selected verse in KJV, NKJV, NLT, NIV, ESV, NASB, RSV, ASV and others.
+
* [http://www.blueletterbible.org/search.html#verse Blue Letter Bible]  
  
 
====Turkish====
 
====Turkish====
Line 202: Line 175:
  
 
===Commentaries and analysis===
 
===Commentaries and analysis===
−
* [http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryID=411&rsid=478 Biblical History], The Jewish History Resource Center — project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
+
* [http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryID=411&rsid=478 Biblical History], The Jewish History Resource Center — Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
−
* [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=63255 Judaica Press Translation] — online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible. Includes the Tanakh and [[Rashi]]'s entire commentary.
+
* [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?aid=63255 Judaica Press Translation] — online Jewish translation of the Tanakh.
 
* [http://www.angdatingdaan.org/biblicaltopics/bib_bible_1.htm Reading and Understanding the Bible].
 
* [http://www.angdatingdaan.org/biblicaltopics/bib_bible_1.htm Reading and Understanding the Bible].
 
* [http://en.bibleinfo.com/ Source for Bible Answers].
 
* [http://en.bibleinfo.com/ Source for Bible Answers].

Revision as of 18:56, March 12, 2007

The Holy Bible, opened to the Book of Isaiah.

The Bible, or the Holy Scriptures, is the collection of texts sacred to Judaism and Christianity, and consists of two parts: the thirty-nine books of the Jewish faith known as the Tanakh, or the Old Testament; and the twenty-seven books and letters of the New Testament of the Christian faith. Originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, the Bible has been translated in more than two thousand languages worldwide, and it remains the most-widely distributed book in history; in terms of sales it has gone beyond calculation. The influence and impact the Bible has had on literature, culture, and history is enormous as well.

Books of the Bible

The Old Testament

The Old Testament, also called the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, consists of thirty-nine books. The books themselves were originally written in Hebrew, and later on in Aramaic. The Old Testament is divided in three ("Tanakh") within the Jewish community: the Torah ("Law"), or Pentateuch, the five books of Moses; Nevi'im ("Prophets"), and Ketuvim ("Writings,” or Hagiographa). Here the arrangment of the books differs somewhat from the Old Testament as used by Christians, however the actual writing of each book remains the same.

Torah

The first eleven chapters of Genesis provide the account of the Creation, the history of God's early relationship with humanity, and the Deluge of Noah. The remaining thirty-nine chapters detail the account of God's covenant with the early Hebrew nation, led by the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (or Israel), and one of Jacob's children, Joseph. It tells the beginnings of God's chosen people, of how God commanded Abraham to leave his family and home to settle in the land of Canaan, and how the Children of Israel later moved to Egypt. The remainder of the Torah, begining with Exodus, tells the story of the great Hebrew leader Moses, and of the Hebrews through their sojurn and slavery in Egypt, their escape from bondage, and their wanderings in the desert until they finaly enter the Promised Land.

Nevi'im

The Nevi'im is the story of the rise toward, and ultimately reaching, the Hebrew monarchy, the sad division into two kingdoms, and the prophets who judged the kings and the Children of Israel in God's name. It ends with the conquest of both kingdoms and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.

Ketuvim

The Ketuvim, or "Writings," contain lyrical poetry, philosophical reflections on life, and the writings of the prophets and other Jewish leaders during the exile in Babylon.

David has been named as the author of the Psalms; Solomon is believed to have written Song of Songs in his youth, the Proverbs in his prime, and Ecclesiastes during his old age. The prophet Jeremiah is thought to have written the aptly-named Lamentations at the beginning of the exile in Babylon. The Book of Ruth is the only biblical book that centers entirely on a non-Jew, a Moabite) who married a Jew and became an ancestor of both David and Jesus Christ. Esther is unique as it is the only book in the Bible not to mention God. Moses is considered to be the author of Job.

The New Testament

The New Testament is a collection of twenty-seven books and letters, written by the early Christian community, and written primarily in Greek. The emphasis of the New Testament is the life, teachings, and gift of salvation from the central figure of the whole work, Jesus of Nazareth. These books are grouped into the following:

The Gospels

The Gospels contain the history of Jesus. The Acts of the Apostles are a continuence of the Gospels, documenting the history of the early church, beginning immediately following Jesus' death and resurrection.

Pauline Epistles

These are letters written to the Christian community by the Apostle Paul.

General Epistles

Revelation

The Book of Revelation is the last work in the New Testament as well as the whole Bible, written close to A.D. 100 by the Apostle John during his exile on the Greek island of Patmos. Revelation is concerned with the condition of the Seven Churches of Asia before going deeply into a description of the last days prior to the beginning of the Millennial Age.

The Apocrypha

The Apocrypha are books which have been rejected as canonical by the Church due to historical, geographical, or literal inaccuracies; the teaching of doctrines which contradict inspired Scripture; and a lack of elements and structure which give genuine Scripture its unique characteristic. The Roman Catholic Church includes the Apocrypha in its version of the Bible, the Vulgate. The following are the books which are most frequently referred to by the title Apocrypha:

History of the Bible

External links

Bible societies

Online, internet, and downloadable Bibles

Hebrew

Latin

English

Turkish

Others

Commentaries and analysis

Wikis

References

Retrieved from "https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Bible&oldid=29029"