The time of confusion
The time of confusion during the 10 years of Yeltsin's rule, also commonly referred to as the Wild nineties, is a term with a negative connotation that refers to the decade following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s.[1][2] It denotes a period of profound political, economic, and social transformation, characterized by widespread instability. According to Roy Medvedev, Boris Yeltsin attempted to reintroduce capitalism, which led to mass unemployment, hyperinflation, and dictatorship.
Average life expectancy for Russians, especially men, dropped significantly during Russia's conversion to capitalism and privatization, a program known as "shock therapy". The average Russian's living standard accordingly did not rise as his life expectancy fell, and he also had to deal with unemployment, unknown in Soviet times.[3] Indeed, Russian infrastructure across the board was in a state of collapse for several years after Yeltsin took power, complicating the privatization of the Russian economy and discouraging much-needed investment.
Boris Berezovsky
Boris Berezovsky was a post-Soviet oligarch who amassed his fortune in the early 1990s through the privatization of state property, most notably the main television channel, Channel One. Berezovsky became a deputy in the State Duma.
Following the 2000 Russian presidential election, President Vladimir Putin demanded loyalty of all oligarchs who some were looting the country, sending assets and profits abroad. Berezovsky resigned from the Duma and fled into self-imposed exile in France and Britain.
In 2011, Berezovsky brought a civil case against Roman Abramovich in the High Court of Justice in London, accusing Abramovich of blackmail, breach of trust, and breach of contract, and seeking over £3 billion in damages. The lawsuit ended in a spectacular defeat for Berezovsky.
Boris Berezovsky died in 2013 under unclear circumstances.
Yegor Gaidar
Yegor Gaidar is grandson of a famous Bolshevik who achieved notoriety as the teenage mass murderer of White Army officers loyal to the monarchy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union under Yeltsin, Gaidar headed the Moscow-based Institute for Economies in Transition and became an instant oligarch in capitalist Russia. Gaidar was the acting Prime Minister of Russia in 1992 and simultaneously held several other cabinet roles. Gaidar was also in the State Duma from 1993 to 1996 and from 1999 to 2003. Gaidar is known for his role in the transition of Russia to a market economy. He implemented "shock therapy" reforms, which brought about harsh criticism. The country experienced hyperinflation and mass impoverishment as a result of these reforms leaving workers virtual slaves of their new foreign investors.
Mikhail Khodorkovsky
Mikhail Khodorkovsky is a Russian opposition activist. In 1996, he took part in Boris Yeltsin’s presidential campaign, calling for the union between Communists and pro-Yeltsin democrats. In 2003, he sponsored the SPS and Yabloko parties. By 2003 he was the richest man in Russia. In 2005, he was sentenced to nine years in prison for fraud and tax evasion. After serving his sentence, he was pardoned by President Vladimir Putin in 2013.
In 2015 Mikhail Khodorkovsky was indicted for the contract murder of Nefteyugansk mayor Vladimir Petukhov.[4][5][6]
It remains unknown if Khodorkovsky or Bill Browder have involvement, direct or otherwise, in the production of the bogus Steele Dossier of Christopher Steele alleging Russiam collusion. A common link running through the participants is Jonathan Winer, who has known Christopher Steele for years. Winer lobbied on behalf of Khodorkovsky and the Corbiere Trust. The Magnitsky Act, which had a material impact on relations with Russia, has stemmed primarily from the unsubstantiated narratives of two men: Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Bill Browder.
Bill Browder
Bill Browder is the grandson of CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder[7] and a neocon warmonger.[8] Browder made his fortune buying up assets of the former Soviet Union and exporting the profits to Western banks rather re-investing in Russia to create jobs and economic development. Browder, who gave up his US citizenship to avoid paying U.S. taxes on his ill-gotten gain in Russia, is the driving force behind the 2014 Magnitsky Act, or Russia sanctions bill.
In 1998 Browder renounced his American citizenship to avoid taxes and became a citizen of the UK which welcomes foreign tax cheats and refuses to extradite.[9] As a foreign citizen and global elitist, Browder has had direct, and some might say, undue influence on US Russia sanctions policy.[10]
References
- ↑ In a review of New York Times reporter Anne Williamson's book, Contagion: The Betrayal of Liberty -- Russia and the United States in the 1990s, Paul Likoudis writes: "According to the socialist theoreticians at Harvard, Russia needed to be brought into the New World Order in a hurry; and what better way to do it than [Jeffrey] Sachs' "shock therapy" -- a plan that empowered the degenerate, third-generation descendants of the original Bolsheviks by assigning them the deeds of Russia's mightiest state-owned industries -- including the giant gas, oil, electrical, and telecommunications industries, the world's largest paper, iron, and steel factories, the world's richest gold, silver, diamond, and platinum mines, automobile and airplane factories, etc. -- who, in turn, sold some of their shares of the properties to Westerners for a song, and pocketed the cash, while retaining control of the companies.
These third-generation Bolsheviks -- led by former Pravda hack Yegor Gaidar, grandson of a Bolshevik who achieved prominence as the teenage mass murderer of White Army officers, now heads the Moscow-based Institute for Economies in Transition -- became instant millionaires (or billionaires) and left the Russian workers virtual slaves of them and their new foreign investors."
HOW CLINTON AND COMPANY AND THE BANKERS PLUNDERED RUSSIA IN THE '90s, Paul Likoudis, January 2, 2016 - ↑ Martin Armstrong: The Road to World War III — Who's Really Pulling the Strings?, Christian E. White, Jul 19, 2025 . YouTube
- ↑ The Soviet Union boasted of no unemployment under communism by outlawing unemployment with "social parasite" laws. Nevertheless former Eastern bloc member and now capitalist democratic Poland, with the largest standing military in Europe as NATO marches eastward to the Russian border, maintains its social parasite laws. The threat of prosecution can force the unemployed to enlist in the military.
- ↑ "Russian court orders arrest of Mikhail Khodorkovsky over contract killing", Reuters, 23 December 2015.
- ↑ "Russia reopens 1998 murder probe; Putin critic Mikhail Khodorkovsky is a suspect", 30 June 2015.
- ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-khodorkovsky-arrest-idINKBN0U60PU20151223
- ↑ https://youtu.be/XpAqzIQffqo
- ↑ Putin will 'aim nuclear missiles on London and Berlin' if victorious in Ukraine, By ROHAN GUPTA, The Express, Feb 19, 2023.
- ↑ https://www.cbsnews.com/media/5-citizens-who-left-the-us-to-avoid-paying-tax/3/
- ↑ Bill Browder: Criminal, con-man, liar, Magnitsky Act agitator and the man who made Russiagate possible, Lucy Komisar, Washington Babylon, 10 Jan 2018