Difference between revisions of "Dinosaur"

Dinosaur
Scientific classification
	Kingdom Information
Domain	Eukaryota
Kingdom	Animalia
Subkingdom	Bilateria
Branch	Deuterostomia
	Phylum Information
Phylum	Chordata
Sub-phylum	Vertebrata
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
	Class Information
Superclass	Tetrapoda
Class	Reptilia
Sub-class	Diapsida
Infra-class	Archosauromorpha
	Order Information
Superorder	Dinosauria
Population statistics

Latest revision as of 04:34, October 6, 2026

Dinosaurs (Greek: δεινός, deinos + σαῦρος, sauros) are an extinct superorder of the class Reptilia, and known from recovered remains and tracks found in sedimentary rock worldwide.

Description

Dinosaurs were immensely varied, and included both herbivores and carnivores. Although many have been found in the fossil record, paleontologists expect that they have barely scratched the surface of the vast superorder that the dinosaurs encompassed.^[1]

The superorder Dinosauria has been divided into two main orders, the division based exclusively on the structure of the pelvic bones.

Order Saurischia

Saurischian dinosaurs are characterized by "lizard hips", i.e. the pubic bone of the pelvis juts forward towards the rib cage. Herbivorous species were almost all quadrupedal. They carried peg-like teeth which cut, rather than chewed, plant material, with the actual grinding of this food aided by gastroliths. Carnivorous species were exclusively bipedal.

Infraorder Sauropoda

Species of this infraorder are characterized by long necks and tails, barrel-shaped bodies, and column-like legs. In three families (notably Diplodocidae, Brachiosauridae, and Titanosauroidea) several species were determined to be of extreme size, estimated in excess of 125 feet in length and 100 tons, making them the largest animals to have walked the earth.

Apatosaurus

Brachiosaurus

Ultrasaurus

Seismosaurus

Argentinosaurus

Diplodocus

Infraorder Theropoda

Exclusively bipedal; forearms meant for grasping or holding. Fossil evidence for several species indicate pack hunting.

Coelophysis

Ornithomimus

Allosaurus

Tyrannosaurus

Deinonychus

Velociraptor

Giganotosaurus

Order Ornithischia

Ornithischian dinosaurs are characterized by "bird hips", i.e. the pubic bone of the pelvis juts towards the rear of the animal. All species were herbivorous; most were quadrupedal. Front teeth were lacking, while a predentary bone was present in the front of the lower jaw. Several species (mainly within Ceratopsia) had a distinctive parrot-like beak.

Infraorder Ceratopsia

Species of this infraorder carried one or more horns on their heads, as well as a shield-like frill to protect the neck.

Triceratops

Pachyrhinosaurus

Torosaurus

Protoceratops

Styracosaurus

Infraorder Stegosauria

Large dinosaurs with a row of bony plates on top of their backs, and several spikes used as a defensive weapon at the end of their tails.

Stegosaurus

Huayangosaurus

Kentrosaurus

Infraorder Ankylosauria

Heavily-armored dinosaurs, some with a row of spikes along each side, and possessing a bony tail club.

Ankylosaurus

Euoplocephalus

Edmontonia

Infraorder Ornithopoda

Large, herd-dwelling dinosaurs that could run bipedaly. Several species had a "boss" of bone on their heads (Pachycephalosaurs) which may have been used for head-butting similar to bighorn sheep; others a crest of bone (hadrosaurs) which may have been sound resonators.

Camptosaurus

Iguanodon

Pachycephalosaurus

Parasaurolophus

Edmontosaurus

Bactrosaurus

Maiasaura

History

The first published description of a dinosaur occurred years before the word was created. In his Natural History of Oxford-shire Robert Plot, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford in 1676, described the lower end of a petrified femur which was too large to be from any known animal in Europe;^[2] the femur itself was lost, but the description as well as an accompanying engraving would lead others to determine later that it belonged to the theropod Megalosaurus. In 1824, the British scientist William Buckland published a paper titled "Notice on the Megalosaurus or great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield", the first scientifically-described dinosaur; a second dinosaur (Iguanodon) would be similarly-described the following year by Gideon Mantell, with a third dinosaur (Hylaeosaurus) discovered in Brighton in 1832.

Despite having reptilian characteristics, the size and structure of the remains justified the creation of a new biological category, and in 1842 Richard Owen coined the name "dinosaur" from two Greek words meaning "terrible lizard".^[3] The three dinosaurs were reconstructed and displayed at the Crystal Palace in London as part of the Exhibition of 1851. In 1878, several dozen Iguanodon fossils were discovered in the course of mining operations at a coal mine in Bernissart, Belgium. This find suggested that dinosaurs could travel in herds.

U.S. finds

Henry Fairfield Osborn was president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City from 1908 to 1935.

In July, 1806 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark unsuccessfully tried to retrieve "...the rib of a fish which was Semented within the face of the rock" at the Hell Creek formation, in what is now Yellowstone County, Montana; the ribs were later determined to have come from a terrestrial dinosaur.^[4]

In 1858, Hadrosaurus, the so-called "duck-billed dinosaur", was found in a mineral pit in New Jersey. It was put on display at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences in 1868. In 1869, Edward Drinker Cope (1847-1897) had reconstructed a plesiosaur. Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899) was able to establish that Cope had put the skull on the wrong end of the skeleton, humiliating Cope, and beginning a long and bitter rivalry derisively-called the "Bone War". While previous skeletons had been discovered by accident, Cope and Marsh went on expeditions to arid parts of the American West. The two found numerous fossils in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico as they competed to find and name as many species as they could. Their museums worked out the techniques for mounting and displaying them. The feud between Cope and Marsh reached a climax in 1890 when letters containing bitter recriminations were published in The New York Herald. Congress responded by dismissing Marsh and revoking funds for his entire department.

In 1877, Marsh began digging at Como Bluff, Wyoming. This site proved to be the greatest of all paleontological finds. Many Late Jurassic dinosaurs, including Stegosaurus and Brontosaurus (later renamed Apatosaurus) were discovered here. J.B. Hatcher collected dozens of Late Cretaceous horned dinosaurs at Lance Creek in northeastern Wyoming in 1889–1894, including Triceratops.

In 1905, Henry Fairfield Osborn applied the name Tyrannosaurus rex, meaning "“king of the tyrant lizards" to a fossil recently discovered at Hell Creek. This fearsome predator, perhaps 21 feet tall, would capture public imagination. In 1909–1923, 350 tons of dinosaur bones were removed from what is now Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado under the direction of paleontologist Earl Douglass of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

History of dinosaurs

Creation science asserts that the biblical account, that dinosaurs were created on day six of creation^[5] approximately 6,000 years ago, along with other land animals, and therefore co-existed with humans, thus debunking the Theory of Evolution and the beliefs of evolutionary scientists about the age and creation of the earth.

Creation science posits that dinosaurs lived in harmony with other animals, (probably including in the Garden of Eden) eating only plants;^[6] that pairs of each dinosaur kind were taken onto Noah's Ark during the Great Flood and were preserved from drowning;^[7] that many of the fossilized dinosaur bones originated during the mass killing of the Flood;^[8] and that possibly some descendants of those dinosaurs taken aboard the Ark are still around today.^[9] At least 300 distinct genera of dinosaur have been identified.^[10]

Archaeological, fossil, and documentary evidence supports the logical conclusion that dinosaurs co-existed with mankind until at least relatively recent times.

Because the term only came into use in the 19th century, the Bible does not use the word "dinosaur." However, there are numerous references throughout the biblical account. For example, the behemoth in Job and the leviathan in Isaiah are clearly references to dinosaurs,^[11]^[12] although others have claimed that Behemoth and Leviathan are references to a hippopotamus or elephant and a crocodile respectively. However, the Biblical descriptions do not fit those creatures, note that hippopotamuses and elephants do not have a "tail like a cedar". Furthermore, even if the terms did refer to other animals, this does not necessarily invalidate the existence of dinosaurs. The Creation account was not intended as a comprehensive list of all animals God created - it does not for instance state explicitly that He created the ferret. However, Genesis does state that God created all animals, which would include any not mentioned by name.

Extinction

Creation science rejects the great impact theory, and find a number of faults in that theory.^[13] Despite these critiques, the great impact theory is widely considered by the scientific community to be fact. However, those scientists cannot prove the great impact theory definitively.

Creation scientists point out that evolutionists are frequently coming out with new theories to explain the supposed extinction of the dinosaurs, and that those theories are laden with false assumptions.^[14]

Dinosaur-like creatures in history and modern sightings

Creation science cites a number of reasons to believe that dinosaurs have existed until relatively recent times, and perhaps still survive.

Charles W. Gilmore, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology with the United States National Museum, examined an ancient pictograph which he claimed portrays dinosaurs and man coexisting

There have been a number of sightings of dinosaur-like creatures reported by the best of the public.
- A thousand people reported seeing a dinosaur-like monster in two sightings around Sayram Lake in Xinjiang according to the Chinese publication, China Today.^[9]
- Locals in the Congo have reported a creature they name Mokele-mbembe,^[9]^[15] and from its description it appears to be a small plant-eating dinosaur. The reports have been taken seriously enough that a biologist from the University of Chicago has made several expeditions to find the creature. Another biologist has reported seeing the creature.^[9]
- Dinosaur-like creatures have been seen by several people in two different parts of Papua New Guinea since 1990.^[16]
There are drawings of creatures resembling dinosaurs.
- An expedition which included Charles W. Gilmore, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology with the United States National Museum, examined an ancient pictograph which he claimed portrays dinosaurs and man coexisting.^[17]^[18]
- The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, a second century BC piece of art, contains a portion which depicts a group of Ethiopians hunting what some claim appears to be a dinosaur; there is much debate on this, however, and most modern art historians consider the mysterious animal to be a lion or a crocodile (the latter theory is supported by the presence of the Greek word for "crocodile" written near the image of the mysterious animal).^[19]

A portion of the Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, depicting the hunting of an animal which is often said to resemble a dinosaur (but which appears to be labelled "crocodile" in Greek).

Engravings in the floor of Carlisle Cathedral appear to be of dinosaurs. They are on the tomb of bishop Richard Bell, who died in 1496.^[20]
Creatures matching dinosaurs and similar creatures have been described by various people groups.
Descriptions of dragons are widespread and match descriptions of dinosaurs, showing that dragons were real creatures and were actually very likely dinosaurs.
- The World Book Encyclopedia states that: "The dragons of legend are strangely like actual creatures that have lived in the past. They are much like the great reptiles [dinosaurs] which inhabited the earth long before man is supposed to have appeared on earth." ^[21] Dragons exist in the folklore of many European and Asian cultures.^[22] World Book Encyclopedia says, "In Europe, dragons are traditionally portrayed as ferocious beasts that represent the evils fought by human beings. But in Asia, especially in China and Japan, the animals are generally considered friendly creatures that ensure good luck and wealth."^[22]
- Dragons appear in the flag of Wales, in traditional Chinese New Year's Day celebrations, and in the Chinese calendar. Every other creature on the calendar is a real creature.
That dinosaurs are not known from the fossil record above the Cretaceous strata is not reason to believe that they have not survived until more recent times.
- Living specimens of orders of animals that were believed to have been extinct for millions of years have been found before, such as the Diatomyidae Squirrel,^[23] the Wollemi Pine ^[24] and the Coelacanth.^[25]^[26]
The recent dinosaur tissue find is a strong rebuttal of the claim that dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.^[27]
The Wales flag features an image of a dragon, strongly implying that the ancient people in that part of the world were familiar with large, lizard-like creatures like dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs and birds

Creation science shows that the idea that birds are descendants of dinosaurs is not demonstrated by the evidence,^[28]^[29] and that the dinosaur-bird connection is even disputed by some evolutionists.

In his article, "Fifteen ways to refute materialistic bigotry", Dr. Jonathan Sarfati wrote regarding dinosaurs being descendants of birds:

“

“The same logic applies to the dinosaur-bird debate. It is perfectly in order for creationists to cite Feduccia’s devastating criticism against the idea that birds evolved ‘ground up’ from running dinosaurs (the cursorial theory). But the dino-to-bird advocates counter with equally powerful arguments against Feduccia’s ‘trees-down’ (arboreal) theory. The evidence indicates that the critics are both right — birds did not evolve either from running dinos or from tree-living mini-crocodiles. In fact, birds did not evolve from non-birds at all!^[30]

”

Creation science also cites the evolutionist and atheist Ernst Mayr^[31] who stated the following:

“

“It must be admitted, however, that it is a considerable strain on one’s credulity to assume that finely balanced systems such as certain sense organs (the eye of vertebrates, or the bird’s feather) could be improved by random mutations." ^[32]^[33]

”

The March 2003 issue of Scientific American is also cited by creation scientists:

“

Of all the body coverings nature has designed, feathers are the most various and the most mysterious...The origin of feathers is a specific instance of the much more general question of the origin of evolutionary novelties--structures that have no clear antecedents in ancestral animals and no clear related structures (homologues) in contemporary relatives. Although evolutionary theory provides a robust explanation for the appearance of minor variations in the size and shape of creatures and their component parts, it does not yet give as much guidance for understanding the emergence of entirely new structures, including digits, limbs, eyes and feathers...." ^[34]^[35]

”

Creation science also shows that the comparative anatomy analysis done by evolutionists comparing bird bones and dinosaur bones is flawed.^[36]

Evolutionary/Old Earth Perspective

The view of atheists, evolutionists, and others who accept the uniformitarian timescale is that dinosaurs existed on earth from 230 million years ago to 65 million years ago. In this view, the entire population of dinosaurs were wiped out by a mass extinction event (usually thought to be a meteorite) about 65 million years ago. This precludes humans and dinosaurs co-existing.

Extinction

According to evolutionists, close to 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, and the beginning of what is called the Tertiary period, an event occurred which has come to be known as the K-T Event. This event would have obliterated most life on Earth, plunging the world into something that would now be likened to global nuclear winter, through which few extant species could survive. Although these scientists dispute the nature of the K-T Event (selecting among any number of catastrophes that could have caused the significant global cooling that resulted), most believe that the claimed K-T Event was caused by the collision of a massive asteroid with the Earth, the dust and debris from which would have shrouded the sky for thousands of years, cooling Earth considerably.^[37] According to this view, the dinosaurs did not survive this cataclysm.^[38] A layer of rock containing high concentrations of Iridium, a metal that is extremely rare on earth but common in asteroids, is said to be due to the vaporization and then fall of dust from the meteorite's impact, and its compression within the subsequent geological record.^[39] The evidence of a large impact crater can be found in rocks of the Yucatán Peninsula of the supposed age of this layer.^[40]^[41] Creationists assert that the assumptions underpinning the methods used by modern geologists are incorrect, and even though the validity of a large impact is accepted, this does not constitute proof that the impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.^{[Citation Needed]}

An explosion of new species

Evolutionists speculate that a mass extinction of the dinosaurs removed a major food competitor, and predator, of smaller animals. As a result of a new "vacancy" in the food chain, following the K-T Event, it is theorized that vast speciation occurred, as the evolutionary pressure of a new cold age propelled animal species to adapt or die out. According to this view, mammals were some of the main beneficiaries of this explosion: their fur allowed them to adapt to the cold, and their small size allowed them to conserve energy relative to the huge dinosaurs of the previous age.^[42]

Dinosaurs and birds

As a number of feathered fossils (claimed to be dinosaurs) have been discovered, and evolutionary scientists claim the similarity in the bone structure between birds and dinosaurs show that modern birds are a descendants of dinosaurs. This is often cited as an example of macroevolution.^[43]

Dinosaur fossils, human fossils and geological strata

Some evolutionary scientists assert that if human bones aren’t found with dinosaur bones, then dinosaurs and man didn’t live together.^[44]^[45] Creation scientists point out that this is a false assumption; if human bones aren’t found buried with dinosaur bones, it simply means they weren't buried together.^[44]

Evolutionists speculate that radiometric dating of rocks containing dinosaur bones indicates them to have formed between 65 million years ago and 250 million years ago, whereas rocks with human bones in them are dated as being much newer (less than 5 million years old). Creation science shows that those methods of dating rocks provide false results, and therefore reject this argument.^[46]

Creation science points out that the fossil record contains mainly marine organisms and that a small sliver of the fossil record contains vertebrates and thus shows that we shouldn't expect to find many human fossils at all.^[44] Moreover, as the biblical Flood would be a marine catastrophe, it would be expected that marine fossils would dominate the fossil record. This is in fact what we find.^[47]

Approximately 70% of the Earth is covered in salt water which would also explain the dominance of marine fossils. In addition, creation scientists show there may have been a small pre-flood human population and that massive amounts of flood sediment are why we haven’t found human fossils in pre-biblical flood sediments.^[47] Also, creation scientists point out that we don't find human bones buried with coelacanths yet humans and coelacanths coexist today.^[44]

In Popular Culture

Dinosaurs have been a fixture of popular culture since their discovery. It is theorized that some of the myths of fantastical creatures stem from the accidental discovery of dinosaur fossils. More recently, dinosaurs have featured in popular stories including books, movies, television, video games, even music.

In the 1912 novel "The Lost World" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (of Sherlock Holmes fame), was published describing an expedition into an Amazon basin where animals thought to be extinct (including dinosaurs) had survived.

Dinosaurs were introduced to a wide modern audience when movies like the Jurassic Park series were released.

External links

Dinosaurs and Humans, Answers in Genesis

References

↑ Vast Majority of Dinosaurs Still to Be Found, Scientists Say, National Geographic
↑ http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/23488#/summary
↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=dy5LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false
↑ http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1806-07-25&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl
↑ Genesis 1:25
↑ Genesis 1:29-30
↑ Were dinosaurs on Noah’s Ark?, Creation Ministries International
↑ Carl Wieland, Dinosaur bones—just how old are they really?, Creation, vol. 21 No. 1 p. 54
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Robert Doolan, Are dinosaurs alive today?, Creation, vol. 15 No. 4 p. 12.
↑ USGS
↑ Allan K. Steel, Could Behemoth have been a dinosaur?, Journal of Creation vol. 15 No. 2 p. 42.
↑ [1], Answers in Creation
↑ Jonathan Sarfati, Did a meteor wipe out the dinosaurs?.
↑ Michael Matthews, Dinosaur demise theory, version #451, Answers in Genesis
↑ Mokele-mbembe The Living Dinosaur!
↑ Anon., A living dinosaur?, Creation 23(1):56, December 2000.
Irwin, Brian, Theropod and sauropod dinosaurs sighted in PNG? 1st July, 2008 (Creation Ministries International).
↑ Doheny Scientific Expedition, Hava Supai Canyon, Arizona, Creationism.org
↑ The Hava Supai Dinosaur Carving, ChristianCourier.com
↑ Dinosaurs in Literature, Art & History-- Page 2, s8int.com
↑ See picture on page 241 of Batten, Don, et. al., 2007, The Creation Answers Book.
↑ Quoted in What about the Dinosaurs?, CreationScience.com
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 Dragon entry in World Book Millennium 2000 CD ROM
↑ Diatomyidae Squirrel
↑ Wollemi Pine Biotechnology Australia
↑ Sulawesi Coelacanth. University Of California, Berkeley
↑ More on the Coelacanth marinebio.org
↑ Carl Wieland, Still soft and stretchy, Creation Ministries International
↑ Bird evolution?, Creation Ministries International
↑ Andy McIntosh, 100 years of airplanes—but these weren’t the first flying machines!, Creation vol. 26 No. 1 p. 44
↑ Jonathan Sarfati, 15 ways to refute materialistic bigotry, Creation Ministries International
↑ Matthews, Michael, 99 and still fighting God, 8th December, 2003 (Answers in Genesis).
↑ In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood, Center for Scientific Creation
↑ Find the full quote on [2], starting from line 6.
↑ Michael Matthews, Scientific American admits creationists hit a sore spot, Answers in Genesis
↑ Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?, Scientific American
↑ Dr. David N. Menton, "Ostrich-osaurus" Discovery?, Answers in Genesis
↑ Kevin O Pope, "Meteorite impact and the mass extinction of species at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, available at [3]
↑ Prehistoric Asteroid "Killed Everything", National Geographic
↑ Ibid
↑ "Dinosaur-Killer" Asteroid Crater Imaged for First Time, National Geographic
↑ http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/events/cowen1b.html
↑ Bennet, Shostak, Jakotsky, "Life in the Universe," viewable at
↑ New Dinosaur Discovered: T. Rex Cousin Had Feathers, National Geographic
↑ ^44.0 ^44.1 ^44.2 ^44.3 Hodge, Bodie, If humans and dinosaurs lived together, why don’t we find human fossils with dinosaur fossils? Answers 1(1):52, May 2006.
↑ Claim CH710 (The TalkOrigins Archive)
↑ https://creation.com/radiometric-dating-questions-and-answers
↑ ^47.0 ^47.1 Hodge, Bodie, Why Don’t We Find Human & Dinosaur Fossils Together? (chapter 13 of the New Answers Book), 2006.

[1] Vast Majority of Dinosaurs Still to Be Found, Scientists Say, National Geographic

[2] ttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/23488#/summary

[3] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=dy5LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false

[4] ttp://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1806-07-25&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl

[5] Genesis 1:25

[6] Genesis 1:29-30

[7] Were dinosaurs on Noah’s Ark?, Creation Ministries International

[8] Carl Wieland, Dinosaur bones—just how old are they really?, Creation, vol. 21 No. 1 p. 54

[Today-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Robert Doolan, Are dinosaurs alive today?, Creation, vol. 15 No. 4 p. 12.

[10] USGS

[11] Allan K. Steel, Could Behemoth have been a dinosaur?, Journal of Creation vol. 15 No. 2 p. 42.

[12] [1], Answers in Creation

[13] Jonathan Sarfati, Did a meteor wipe out the dinosaurs?.

[14] Michael Matthews, Dinosaur demise theory, version #451, Answers in Genesis

[15] Mokele-mbembe The Living Dinosaur!

[16] Anon., A living dinosaur?, Creation 23(1):56, December 2000.
Irwin, Brian, Theropod and sauropod dinosaurs sighted in PNG? 1st July, 2008 (Creation Ministries International).

[17] Doheny Scientific Expedition, Hava Supai Canyon, Arizona, Creationism.org

[18] The Hava Supai Dinosaur Carving, ChristianCourier.com

[19] Dinosaurs in Literature, Art & History-- Page 2, s8int.com

[20] See picture on page 241 of Batten, Don, et. al., 2007, The Creation Answers Book.

[21] Quoted in What about the Dinosaurs?, CreationScience.com

[WB2000-22] 22.0 ^22.1 Dragon entry in World Book Millennium 2000 CD ROM

[23] Diatomyidae Squirrel

[24] Wollemi Pine Biotechnology Australia

[25] Sulawesi Coelacanth. University Of California, Berkeley

[26] More on the Coelacanth marinebio.org

[27] Carl Wieland, Still soft and stretchy, Creation Ministries International

[28] Bird evolution?, Creation Ministries International

[29] Andy McIntosh, 100 years of airplanes—but these weren’t the first flying machines!, Creation vol. 26 No. 1 p. 44

[30] Jonathan Sarfati, 15 ways to refute materialistic bigotry, Creation Ministries International

[31] Matthews, Michael, 99 and still fighting God, 8th December, 2003 (Answers in Genesis).

[32] In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood, Center for Scientific Creation

[33] Find the full quote on [2], starting from line 6.

[34] Michael Matthews, Scientific American admits creationists hit a sore spot, Answers in Genesis

[35] Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?, Scientific American

[36] Dr. David N. Menton, "Ostrich-osaurus" Discovery?, Answers in Genesis

[37] Kevin O Pope, "Meteorite impact and the mass extinction of species at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, available at [3]

[38] Prehistoric Asteroid "Killed Everything", National Geographic

[39] Ibid

[40] "Dinosaur-Killer" Asteroid Crater Imaged for First Time, National Geographic

[41] ttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/events/cowen1b.html

[42] Bennet, Shostak, Jakotsky, "Life in the Universe," viewable at

[43] New Dinosaur Discovered: T. Rex Cousin Had Feathers, National Geographic

[HaD-44] 44.0 ^44.1 ^44.2 ^44.3 Hodge, Bodie, If humans and dinosaurs lived together, why don’t we find human fossils with dinosaur fossils? Answers 1(1):52, May 2006.

[45] Claim CH710 (The TalkOrigins Archive)

[46] ttps://creation.com/radiometric-dating-questions-and-answers

[NAB-47] 47.0 ^47.1 Hodge, Bodie, Why Don’t We Find Human & Dinosaur Fossils Together? (chapter 13 of the New Answers Book), 2006.

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Dinosaur

Scientific classification
Kingdom Information
Domain	Eukaryota
Kingdom	Animalia
Subkingdom	Bilateria
Branch	Deuterostomia
Phylum Information
Phylum	Chordata
Sub-phylum	Vertebrata
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Class Information
Superclass	Tetrapoda
Class	Reptilia
Sub-class	Diapsida
Infra-class	Archosauromorpha
Order Information
Superorder	Dinosauria
Population statistics

Difference between revisions of "Dinosaur"

Latest revision as of 04:34, October 6, 2026

Contents

Description

Order Saurischia

Order Ornithischia

History

U.S. finds

History of dinosaurs

Extinction

Dinosaur-like creatures in history and modern sightings

Dinosaurs and birds

Evolutionary/Old Earth Perspective

Extinction

An explosion of new species

Dinosaurs and birds

Dinosaur fossils, human fossils and geological strata

In Popular Culture

See also

External links

References

Navigation menu

Search

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-YOU CREATION SCIENCE. DINOSAURS WITH CARNIVOROUS FEATURES (CREATED BY GOD, NOT OVER A FEW DAYS BUT MILLIONS OF YEARS) WOULD NOT EAT PLANTS. GOD IS NOT STUPID. REMEMBER, YOU ARE JUST BEING FUNDA'''MENTAL'''.
+{{Taxonomy
+|name=Dinosaur
+|image=Fdt566e4.jpg
+|caption=
+|domain=Eukaryota
+|kingdom=Animalia
+|subkingdom=Bilateria
+|branch=Deuterostomia
+|superphylum=
+|phylum=Chordata
+|subphylum=Vertebrata
+|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
+|microphylum=
+|superdivision=
+|division=
+|subdivision=
+|superclass=Tetrapoda
+|class=Reptilia
+|subclass=Diapsida
+|infraclass=Archosauromorpha
+|superorder=Dinosauria
+|order=
+|suborder=
+|infraorder=
+|superfamily=
+|family=
+|subfamily=
+|supertribe=
+|tribe=
+|subtribe=
+|genera=
+|genus=
+|subgenus=
+|species=
+|binomialname=
+|sub=
+|alt=
+}}
+'''Dinosaurs''' (Greek: δεινός, deinos + σαῦρος, sauros) are an extinct superorder of the class Reptilia, and known from recovered remains and tracks found in sedimentary rock worldwide.
-YOU SCARE GOOD CHRISTIANS AWAY FROM THEI FAITH.
+==Description==
+Dinosaurs were immensely varied, and included both herbivores and carnivores.  Although many have been found in the fossil record, paleontologists expect that they have barely scratched the surface of the vast superorder that the dinosaurs encompassed.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060905-dinosaurs_2.html Vast Majority of Dinosaurs Still to Be Found, Scientists Say], ''National Geographic''</ref>
-I HAVE A LAST TRICK UP MY SLEAVE.
+The superorder Dinosauria has been divided into two main orders, the division based exclusively on the structure of the pelvic bones.
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFSDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwith Dinosaurs
+===Order ''[[Saurischia]]''===
-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
+Saurischian dinosaurs are characterized by "lizard hips", i.e. the pubic bone of the pelvis juts forward towards the rib cage.  Herbivorous species were almost all quadrupedal.  They carried peg-like teeth which cut, rather than chewed, plant material, with the actual grinding of this food aided by gastroliths.  Carnivorous species were exclusively bipedal.
-Jump to: navigation, search
+*Infraorder Sauropoda
-Walking with Dinosaurs
+::Species of this infraorder are characterized by long necks and tails, barrel-shaped bodies, and column-like legs.  In three families (notably Diplodocidae, Brachiosauridae, and Titanosauroidea) several species were determined to be of extreme size, estimated in excess of 125 feet in length and 100 tons, making them the largest animals to have walked the earth.
+:::''[[Apatosaurus]]''
-Genre Documentary
+:::''[[Brachiosaurus]]''
-Developed by Andrew Wilks
+:::''[[Ultrasaurus]]''
-Narrated by Kenneth Branagh
+:::''[[Seismosaurus]]''
-Theme music composer Ben Bartlett
+:::''[[Argentinosaurus]]''
-Country of origin UK
+:::''[[Diplodocus]]''
-Language(s) English
-No. of seasons 1
-No. of episodes 6 (List of episodes)
-Production
-Executive
-producer(s) John Lynch
-Producer(s) Tim Haines, Jasper James
-Running time 30 min.
-Broadcast
-Original channel BBC
-Original airing April 16, 1999
-Chronology
-Related shows Walking with Beasts, Walking with Monsters
-External links
-Official website
-Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. The series used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of).
-The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.[3]
+*Infraorder Theropoda
+::Exclusively bipedal; forearms meant for grasping or holding.  Fossil evidence for several species indicate pack hunting.
+:::''[[Coelophysis]]''
+:::''[[Ornithomimus]]''
+:::''[[Allosaurus]]''
+:::''[[Tyrannosaurus]]''
+:::''[[Deinonychus]]''
+:::''[[Velociraptor]]''
+:::''[[Giganotosaurus]]''
-Contents [hide]
+===Order ''[[Ornithischia]]''===
-Episodes
+Ornithischian dinosaurs are characterized by "bird hips", i.e. the pubic bone of the pelvis juts towards the rear of the animal.  All species were herbivorous; most were quadrupedal.  Front teeth were lacking, while a predentary bone was present in the front of the lower jaw.  Several species (mainly within ''Ceratopsia'') had a distinctive parrot-like beak.
-.1 "New Blood"
+*Infraorder Ceratopsia
-.2 "Time of the Titans"
+::Species of this infraorder carried one or more horns on their heads, as well as a shield-like frill to protect the neck.
-.3 "Cruel Sea"
+:::''[[Triceratops]]''
-.4 "Giant of the skies"
+:::''[[Pachyrhinosaurus]]''
-.5 "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
+:::''[[Torosaurus]]''
-.6 "Death of a Dynasty"
+:::''[[Protoceratops]]''
-.7 "Edge of the Skies"
+:::''[[Styracosaurus]]''
-Companion book
+*Infraorder Stegosauria
-.1 Deviations from the series
+::Large dinosaurs with a row of bony plates on top of their backs, and several spikes used as a defensive weapon at the end of their tails.
-Critical reaction
+:::''[[Stegosaurus]]''
-Censorship
+:::''[[Huayangosaurus]]''
-Spin-offs
+:::''[[Kentrosaurus]]''
-.1 Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience
+*Infraorder Ankylosauria
-.2 Encyclopedia
+::Heavily-armored dinosaurs, some with a row of spikes along each side, and possessing a bony tail club.
-.3 Prehistoric Planet
+:::''[[Ankylosaurus]]''
-.4 The Walking With series
+:::''[[Euoplocephalus]]''
-.5 Specials
+:::''[[Edmontonia]]''
-Video Game
+*Infraorder Ornithopoda
-.1 Computer Games
+::Large, herd-dwelling dinosaurs that could run bipedaly.  Several species had a "boss" of bone on their heads (Pachycephalosaurs) which may have been used for head-butting similar to bighorn sheep; others a crest of bone (hadrosaurs) which may have been sound resonators.
-Notes
+:::''[[Camptosaurus]]''
-See also
+:::''[[Iguanodon]]''
-External links
+:::''[[Pachycephalosaurus]]''
+:::''[[Parasaurolophus]]''
+:::''[[Edmontosaurus]]''
+:::''[[Bactrosaurus]]''
+:::''[[Maiasaura]]''
+==History==
+The first published description of a dinosaur occurred years before the word was created.  In his ''Natural History of Oxford-shire'' Robert Plot, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford in 1676, described the lower end of a petrified femur which was too large to be from any known animal in Europe;<ref>http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/23488#/summary</ref> the femur itself was lost, but the description as well as an accompanying engraving would lead others to determine later that it belonged to the theropod ''Megalosaurus''.  In 1824, the British scientist William Buckland published a paper titled ''"Notice on the Megalosaurus or great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield"'', the first scientifically-described dinosaur; a second dinosaur (''Iguanodon'') would be similarly-described the following year by Gideon Mantell, with a third dinosaur (''Hylaeosaurus'') discovered in Brighton in 1832.
-[edit] Episodes
+Despite having reptilian characteristics, the size and structure of the remains justified the creation of a new biological category, and in 1842 Richard Owen coined the name "dinosaur" from two Greek words meaning "terrible lizard".<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=dy5LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>  The three dinosaurs were reconstructed and displayed at the Crystal Palace in London as part of the Exhibition of 1851. In 1878, several dozen ''Iguanodon'' fossils were discovered in the course of mining operations at a coal mine in Bernissart, Belgium. This find suggested that dinosaurs could travel in herds.
-Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries.
+===U.S. finds===
+[[Image:Osborn.jpg‎‎|thumb|150px|right|[[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] was president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City from 1908 to 1935.]]
+In July, 1806 Meriwether Lewis and William Clark unsuccessfully tried to retrieve ''"...the rib of a fish which was Semented within the face of the rock"'' at the Hell Creek formation, in what is now Yellowstone County, Montana; the ribs were later determined to have come from a terrestrial dinosaur.<ref>http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1806-07-25&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl</ref>
-[edit] "New Blood"
+In 1858, ''Hadrosaurus'', the so-called "duck-billed dinosaur", was found in a mineral pit in New Jersey. It was put on display at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences in 1868. In 1869, Edward Drinker Cope (1847-1897) had reconstructed a ''[[plesiosaur]]''. Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899) was able to establish that Cope had put the skull on the wrong end of the skeleton, humiliating Cope, and beginning a long and bitter rivalry derisively-called the "Bone War". While previous skeletons had been discovered by accident, Cope and Marsh went on expeditions to arid parts of the American West.  The two found numerous fossils in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico as they competed to find and name as many species as they could. Their museums worked out the techniques for mounting and displaying them. The feud between Cope and Marsh reached a climax in 1890 when letters containing bitter recriminations were published in ''The New York Herald''. Congress responded by dismissing Marsh and revoking funds for his entire department.
-The first episode filmed and broadcast. 220 Million Years Ago — Late Triassic; Arizona
-Filming location: New Caledonia
+In 1877, Marsh began digging at Como Bluff, Wyoming. This site proved to be the greatest of all paleontological finds. Many Late Jurassic dinosaurs, including ''Stegosaurus'' and ''Brontosaurus'' (later renamed ''Apatosaurus'') were discovered here. J.B. Hatcher collected dozens of Late Cretaceous horned dinosaurs at Lance Creek in northeastern Wyoming in 1889–1894, including ''Triceratops.''
-Conditions: semi-desert with short rainy season. In the year of the episode, the rains are late.
-The episode followed a female Coelophysis as it tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus, one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later wounded by a Placeras's tusks, and is beaten out of its territory by a rival Postosuchus. Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female is killed and eaten by a pack of Coelophysis. Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus, forshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode.
-Coelophysis
+In 1905, [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] applied the name ''Tyrannosaurus rex'', meaning "“king of the tyrant lizards" to a fossil recently discovered at Hell Creek. This fearsome predator, perhaps 21 feet tall, would capture public imagination. In 1909–1923, 350 tons of dinosaur bones were removed from what is now Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado under the direction of paleontologist Earl Douglass of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
-Placerias
-Cynodont [1]
-Postosuchus
-Peteinosaurus
-Plateosaurus
-lungfish
-dragonfly (live acted)
-[edit] "Time of the Titans"
-The second episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado
-Filming locations: Redwood National Park (Fern Canyon), Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand
-Conditions: warm with mixture of forest and fern-prairies.
-This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus. After hatching, its siblings are burnt in a natural forest fire along with many others, such as the small ornithopod dryosaurus, eaten by two Allosaurus and an Ornitholestes, and accidentally speared by a Stegosaurus tail spikes. The young Diplodocus and one surviving sibling eventually locate and join a herd. The plains are also home to other herbivores, including Brachiosaurus and Stegosaurus, while small pterosaurs called Anurognathus feast on their parasites (a speculative behavior inspired by oxpecker birds in modern Africa). At the end of the episode, an Allosaurus attacks the Diplodocus, but she is saved when a larger Diplodocus lashes the predator with its whip-like tail.
-Diplodocus
-Anurognathus
-Allosaurus
-Ornitholestes
-Stegosaurus
-Brachiosaurus
-Unidentified small ornithopods (appear in 2 different colour schemes)
-damselfly (live acted)
-dung beetle (live acted)
-[edit] "Cruel Sea"
-The third episode filmed and broadcast. 149 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire
-Filming locations: Bahamas, New Caledonia
-Conditions: shallow tropical sea with small islands.
-The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring. (According to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures.) In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus, and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and it dies suffocated by its weight.
-Ophthalmosaurus
-Cryptoclidus
-Hybodus (identified as shark,revealed on website and in encyclopedia)
-Leptolepis (identified as fish,revealed in website,live-acted by herring)
-Rhamphorhynchus
-Eustreptospondylus
-Liopleurodon[2]
-Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite,revealed in book)
-Unindentified horseshoe crab (live acted by horseshoe crab)
-jellyfish (live acted)
-squid (live acted)
-bark beetle (live acted)
-Unidentified turtle (shown dead)
-[edit] "Giant of the skies"
-[3] The fourth episode filmed and broadcast. 127 Million Years Ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Cantabria)
-Filming locations: New Zealand, Tasmania
-Conditions: Sea and coastlands.
-It stars an elderly male Ornithocheirus, a large pterosaur, who is on his way back from South America to the island of Cantabria in Europe to mate. He passes a nesting colony of Tapejara. He reaches the north tip of South America and crosses sea to North America. He passes a herd of Iguanodon who were migrating along a beach. He travels from America to Europe across the young Atlantic Ocean. He reaches a European island, off the coast of Britain, which in the book of the series is named Cornubia. He passes another herd of Iguanodon, who are being preyed on by a pack of Utahraptor. Eventually, the Ornithocheirus reaches his breeding site, but fails to get a mate as he cannot land in the best place in the middle of the breeding site, because on the way he had been delayed (by having to shelter from a storm under a cliff overhang) and the site was taken. In the end, he perishes on a beach of hunger, exhaustion, heat stress and old age.
-Ornithocheirus
-Iguanodon
-Utahraptor[4]
-Polacanthus
-Tapejara[5]
-Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia)
-Plesiopleurodon (not identified, revealed on web)
-Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book, live acted by mite)
-Unidentified pterosaur
-fish (live acted)
-wasp (live acted)
-[edit] "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
-The fifth episode filmed and broadcast. 106 Million Years Ago — Middle Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica.
-Conditions: Forest dominated by podocarps, very near South Pole (the sun did not rise for 5 months in the winter). The lopsided arrangement of the continents keeps ocean currents and strong monsoon winds blowing across the polar area, keeping it free of icecap and warm enough for forests to grow.
-Filming location: New Zealand
-This episode focuses on a flock of Leaellynasaura who are trying to survive the freezing winter and breed in the summer. The episode runs from end of winter to the next end of winter. At the beginning a Koolasuchus eats a Leaellynasaura which had died in the winter. During the summer a dwarf allosaur hunts the Leaellynasaura and the Muttaburrasaurus. The Leaellynasaura usually escape, but during the noise and trampling and confusion caused by the Muttaburrasaurus migrating away north for the winter, the allosaur catches and eats the female of the Leaellynasauras' alpha pair. Other predators like Koolasuchus are on the hunt for the Leaellynasaura.
-Leaellynasaura
-Muttaburrasaurus
-Unidentified allosaur (identified as polar allosaur[6] [7]
-Koolasuchus
-Unidentified pterosaur[8]
-Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati)
-tuatara (live acted)
-weta (live acted)
-mosquito (live acted)
-[edit] "Death of a Dynasty"
-The sixth episode filmed and broadcast. 65.5 Million Years Ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana
-Conditions: Areas of low herbaceous plant cover, and forest, affected by volcanism. The episode shows some effects of the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact.
-Filming locations: Chile (Conguillío National Park), New Zealand
-This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. According to the book, the forests were shrinking and the Pierre Seaway between Laramidia and Appalachia was slowly drying up from the north. The main character is a female Tyranosaurus, who abandons her nest because all the eggs in it were infertile. She mates and nests again, lays 12 eggs, of which 3 hatch. One of the babies disappears, most likely eaten by the other two. The mother is wounded by a blow from an Ankylosaurus's tail-club and dies later of internal injuries and a broken femur. Her babies die when the dinosaurs become extinct by the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which, in the series is caused by a gigantic meteor that collides with earth in the Gulf of Mexico.
-Tyrannosaurus
-Didelphodon
-Anatotitan
-Torosaurus
-Dromaeosaurus (identified as a dromaeosaur, revealed in encyclopedia) [9]
-Unidentified small ornithopods
-Ankylosaurus
-Quetzalcoatlus[10]
-Deinosuchus (not identified, revealed on website, book and encyclopedia)
-Dinilysia (identified as snake, revealed in website, live acted by red-tailed boa)
-butterfly (live acted)
-Triceratops (shown dead)
-Unidentified mammal (shown dead)
-Unidentified reptile (shown dead)
-[edit] "Edge of the Skies"
-The female Dasplatosaurus was hunted Pentoceratops
-[edit] Companion book
-A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands [4]. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series. (see animal lists above)
-[edit] Deviations from the series
-At the end of the episode "New Blood", a Plateosaurus frightens away a Coelophysis. In the book, a Postosuchus attacks the herd and loses. Near the end of the episode, the Coelophysis gather around a waterhole. In the book, this happens earlier. In the book, the first thing to happen is the Postosuchus attack.
-In the episode "Time of the Titans", the female Diplodocus lifespan shown was: 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years. In the book, it was: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 12 years, so the Diplodocus age faster in the book. In the series, the Allosaurus attack occurs on the 3rd year. In the book, it occurs on the 4th year. The Stegosaurus kills nothing in the book.
-In the book, the Liopleurodon attack from "Cruel Sea" occurs much later, the Cryptoclidus catches a pterosaur rather than a fish, and the female Liopleurodon does not appear.
-Unlike in the episode "Giant of the Skies", Ornithocheirus cannibalism doesn't occur in the book. In the series, the lead female Utahraptor attacks the Iguanodon with no injury, whereas in the book, she is injured by the thumb spike; also, the book describes the Utahraptor attack as an attack by a large group, not just a family. Additionally, in the series the Tapejara ignore the Ornithocheirus, while the book, they try to drive it off, and later on, where in the program Ornithocheirus is driven off by the Utahraptor hunting, in the book it is driven off by turtles inhabiting lake, absent from the program.
-In the book's chapter "Beneath a Giant's Wings" ("Giant of the Skies" episode) the flowering shrub's name is Protoanthus (a fictional plant)[11], while on the show it was unnamed.
-In the episode "Spirits of the Ice Forest", the lead female Leaellynasaura is killed by the allosaur, while in the book, she dies of frostbite (in the book, the allosaur ate a subadult male), and is eaten by Koolasuchus at the end of the chapter, instead of the beginning, as in the program. In the book, all the Leaellynasaura chicks survive, and the Muttaburrasaurus don't get lost.
-Dromaeosaurus and ornithopods are not featured in the book, unlike in the episode "Death of a Dynasty." The Quetzalcoatlus gets eaten by a group of Deinosuchus in the book after a futile struggle, while the television program features only one Deinosuchus and the Quetzalcoatlus escapes without fighting back at all. In the show, Didelphodon is eaten by the female Tyrannosaurus; in the book, by a male, who eats the eggs itself. Also, in the program, the male Tyrannosaurus presents the female with a dead Triceratops, while in the book it is a Torosaurus - the same one that was seen on the program with the broken horn. Finally, in the program the Ankylosaurus hits the female Tyrannosaurus just once, while in the book, it beats the female to death; also, in the book, the Ankylosaurus is a female with a pair of "scutlings" as well, unlike the program.
-[edit] Critical reaction
-In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd.
-The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour). [5]
-[edit] Censorship
-In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon. The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored.
-[edit] Spin-offs
-See more info in the Walking with...
-The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media.
-[edit] Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience
-A live theatrical adaptation was created in Australia and began touring in early 2007 (starting in Sydney's Acer Arena, and continuing to Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide & Melbourne). Coming from the mind of creative genius William May, the show itself features life size mechanical dinosaurs operated by teams of puppeteers and drivers as well as music by James Brett.
-It was produced by Malcolm C. Cooke & Jill Bryant and directed by Scott Faris. The leading role of the paleontologist (Huxley) was played by both Bruce Spence & Felix Nobis in the original Australian version. The role of Huxley is currently played by James Roberts & Jonathan Bliss.
-The dinosaurs featured are:
-Allosaurus
-Ankylosaurus
-Brachiosaurus
-Iguanodon (shown dead)
-Liliensternus (not seen in documentary)
-Plateosaurus
-Ornithocheirus
-Stegosaurus
-Torosaurus
-Tyrannosaurus
-Utahraptor
-The show began touring North America in June 2007.
-[edit] Encyclopedia
-Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies Walking with Monsters
-[edit] Prehistoric Planet
-A child-oriented reversion of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original.
-[edit] The Walking With series
-Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series. In 2001 the sequel Walking with Beasts, set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis. In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters: Life Before Dinosaurs was produced.
-[edit] Specials
-Main articles: Chased by Dinosaurs, Sea Monsters, The Ballad Of Big Al, and Prehistoric Park
-Chased By Dinosaurs, featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (Inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy, trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras, Cymbospondylus, Dunkleosteus, Basilosaurus, Megalodon, Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus. Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park, six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus, Mammoth, Smilodon, Microraptor, Arthropleura, and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park.
-[edit] Video Game
-[edit] Computer Games
-There is a free downloadable game available at the bbc website. It is called Dinosaur World.
-[edit] Notes
-^ According to the website and companion book, the body shape is based upon a scaled-up version of Thrinaxodon. As stated in the book, the presence of cynodonts in the depicted region and the larger size of the reconstructed animal was based on fossil teeth which have subsequently been described as Kraterokheirodon. While considered to have been from a large cynodont at the time of filming, the affinities of these teeth are currently unknown. [1]
-^ The Liopleurodon is oversized as 25 meters (82 feet) long and 150 tons
-^ In the book, the fourth episode is called, "Beneath a Giant's wing", but the fourth episode of the television series is called, "Giant of the Skies
-^ Shown without feathers
-^ The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as Tapejara navigans .
-^ The dwarf allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus.
-^ In the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur".
-^ Pterosaurs in Victoria are based on fossils that are non-diagnostic to genus level.
-^ Shown without feathers
-^ It is shown as an albatross like fish eater, while in real life it would had been more like a stork [2]
-^ Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files
-[edit] See also
-Prehistoric Park
-Walking with...
-Walking with Monsters
-Walking with Beasts
-Sea Monsters
-Walking with Cavemen
-[edit] External links
-Australian copy of the now down BBC site
-"Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience" Official Website
-IMDB information about The Ballad Of Big Al
-[show]v • d • eWalking with...
-TV series Walking with Dinosaurs · Walking with Beasts · Walking with Monsters · Walking with Dinosaurs: The Next Chapter
-TV specials The Ballad Of Big Al · Chased by Dinosaurs · Sea Monsters
-Spin-offs Prehistoric Planet · Walking with Cavemen · Prehistoric Park
-[show]v • d • eImpossible Pictures Productions
-Walking with Dinosaurs • The Ballad of Big Al • Walking with Beasts • The Lost World • Chased by Dinosaurs • Sea Monsters •
-The Legend of the Tamworth Two • Space Odyssey: Voyage To The Planets • T. rex - 100 Years in Pictures • The Story of One • Walking with Monsters •
-Pickles: The Dog who Won the World Cup • Perfect Disaster • Ocean Odyssey • Prehistoric Park • Primeval
-Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs"
-Categories: BBC television documentaries | Peabody Award winners | Prehistoric life in popular culture and entertainment
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-You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Project:Copyrights for details). DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUTwith Dinosaurs
-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-Jump to: navigation, search
-Walking with Dinosaurs
-Genre Documentary
-Developed by Andrew Wilks
-Narrated by Kenneth Branagh
-Theme music composer Ben Bartlett
-Country of origin UK
-Language(s) English
-No. of seasons 1
-No. of episodes 6 (List of episodes)
-Production
-Executive
-producer(s) John Lynch
-Producer(s) Tim Haines, Jasper James
-Running time 30 min.
-Broadcast
-Original channel BBC
-Original airing April 16, 1999
-Chronology
-Related shows Walking with Beasts, Walking with Monsters
-External links
-Official website
-Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. The series used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of).
-The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.[3]
-Contents [hide]
-Episodes
-.1 "New Blood"
-.2 "Time of the Titans"
-.3 "Cruel Sea"
-.4 "Giant of the skies"
-.5 "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
-.6 "Death of a Dynasty"
-.7 "Edge of the Skies"
-Companion book
-.1 Deviations from the series
-Critical reaction
-Censorship
-Spin-offs
-.1 Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience
-.2 Encyclopedia
-.3 Prehistoric Planet
-.4 The Walking With series
-.5 Specials
-Video Game
-.1 Computer Games
-Notes
-See also
-External links
+===History of dinosaurs===
+[[Creation science]] asserts that the biblical account, that dinosaurs were created on day six of [[creation]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|1:25|ESV}}</ref> approximately 6,000 years ago, along with other land animals, and therefore co-existed with humans, thus [[Counterexamples to Evolution|debunking the Theory of Evolution]] and the beliefs of evolutionary scientists about the age and creation of the earth.
+Creation science posits that dinosaurs lived in harmony with other animals, (probably including in the [[Garden of Eden]]) eating only plants;<ref>{{bibleverse|Genesis|1:29-30|ESV}}</ref> that pairs of each dinosaur [[kind]] were taken onto [[Noah's Ark]] during the [[Great Flood]] and were preserved from drowning;<ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3967/ Were dinosaurs on Noah’s Ark?], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref> that many of the fossilized dinosaur bones originated during the mass killing of the Flood;<ref>Carl Wieland, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/219/ Dinosaur bones—just how old are they really?], ''Creation'', vol. 21 No. 1 p. 54</ref> and that possibly some descendants of those dinosaurs taken aboard the Ark are still around today.<ref Name="Today">Robert Doolan, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/833/ Are dinosaurs alive today?], ''Creation'', vol. 15 No. 4 p. 12.</ref> At least 300 distinct [[genera]] of dinosaur have been identified.<ref>[http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dinosaurs/types.html USGS]</ref>
-[edit] Episodes
+[[Archaeological]], [[fossil]], and documentary evidence supports the [[faith and science|logical]] conclusion that dinosaurs co-existed with mankind until at least relatively recent times.
-Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries.
-[edit] "New Blood"
-The first episode filmed and broadcast. 220 Million Years Ago — Late Triassic; Arizona
-Filming location: New Caledonia
-Conditions: semi-desert with short rainy season. In the year of the episode, the rains are late.
-The episode followed a female Coelophysis as it tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus, one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later wounded by a Placeras's tusks, and is beaten out of its territory by a rival Postosuchus. Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female is killed and eaten by a pack of Coelophysis. Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus, forshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode.
-Coelophysis
-Placerias
-Cynodont [1]
-Postosuchus
-Peteinosaurus
-Plateosaurus
-lungfish
-dragonfly (live acted)
-[edit] "Time of the Titans"
-The second episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado
-Filming locations: Redwood National Park (Fern Canyon), Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand
-Conditions: warm with mixture of forest and fern-prairies.
-This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus. After hatching, its siblings are burnt in a natural forest fire along with many others, such as the small ornithopod dryosaurus, eaten by two Allosaurus and an Ornitholestes, and accidentally speared by a Stegosaurus tail spikes. The young Diplodocus and one surviving sibling eventually locate and join a herd. The plains are also home to other herbivores, including Brachiosaurus and Stegosaurus, while small pterosaurs called Anurognathus feast on their parasites (a speculative behavior inspired by oxpecker birds in modern Africa). At the end of the episode, an Allosaurus attacks the Diplodocus, but she is saved when a larger Diplodocus lashes the predator with its whip-like tail.
-Diplodocus
-Anurognathus
-Allosaurus
-Ornitholestes
-Stegosaurus
-Brachiosaurus
-Unidentified small ornithopods (appear in 2 different colour schemes)
-damselfly (live acted)
-dung beetle (live acted)
-[edit] "Cruel Sea"
-The third episode filmed and broadcast. 149 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire
-Filming locations: Bahamas, New Caledonia
-Conditions: shallow tropical sea with small islands.
-The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring. (According to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures.) In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus, and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and it dies suffocated by its weight.
-Ophthalmosaurus
-Cryptoclidus
-Hybodus (identified as shark,revealed on website and in encyclopedia)
-Leptolepis (identified as fish,revealed in website,live-acted by herring)
-Rhamphorhynchus
-Eustreptospondylus
-Liopleurodon[2]
-Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite,revealed in book)
-Unindentified horseshoe crab (live acted by horseshoe crab)
-jellyfish (live acted)
-squid (live acted)
-bark beetle (live acted)
-Unidentified turtle (shown dead)
-[edit] "Giant of the skies"
-[3] The fourth episode filmed and broadcast. 127 Million Years Ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Cantabria)
-Filming locations: New Zealand, Tasmania
-Conditions: Sea and coastlands.
-It stars an elderly male Ornithocheirus, a large pterosaur, who is on his way back from South America to the island of Cantabria in Europe to mate. He passes a nesting colony of Tapejara. He reaches the north tip of South America and crosses sea to North America. He passes a herd of Iguanodon who were migrating along a beach. He travels from America to Europe across the young Atlantic Ocean. He reaches a European island, off the coast of Britain, which in the book of the series is named Cornubia. He passes another herd of Iguanodon, who are being preyed on by a pack of Utahraptor. Eventually, the Ornithocheirus reaches his breeding site, but fails to get a mate as he cannot land in the best place in the middle of the breeding site, because on the way he had been delayed (by having to shelter from a storm under a cliff overhang) and the site was taken. In the end, he perishes on a beach of hunger, exhaustion, heat stress and old age.
-Ornithocheirus
-Iguanodon
-Utahraptor[4]
-Polacanthus
-Tapejara[5]
-Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia)
-Plesiopleurodon (not identified, revealed on web)
-Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book, live acted by mite)
-Unidentified pterosaur
-fish (live acted)
-wasp (live acted)
-[edit] "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
-The fifth episode filmed and broadcast. 106 Million Years Ago — Middle Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica.
-Conditions: Forest dominated by podocarps, very near South Pole (the sun did not rise for 5 months in the winter). The lopsided arrangement of the continents keeps ocean currents and strong monsoon winds blowing across the polar area, keeping it free of icecap and warm enough for forests to grow.
-Filming location: New Zealand
-This episode focuses on a flock of Leaellynasaura who are trying to survive the freezing winter and breed in the summer. The episode runs from end of winter to the next end of winter. At the beginning a Koolasuchus eats a Leaellynasaura which had died in the winter. During the summer a dwarf allosaur hunts the Leaellynasaura and the Muttaburrasaurus. The Leaellynasaura usually escape, but during the noise and trampling and confusion caused by the Muttaburrasaurus migrating away north for the winter, the allosaur catches and eats the female of the Leaellynasauras' alpha pair. Other predators like Koolasuchus are on the hunt for the Leaellynasaura.
-Leaellynasaura
-Muttaburrasaurus
-Unidentified allosaur (identified as polar allosaur[6] [7]
-Koolasuchus
-Unidentified pterosaur[8]
-Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati)
-tuatara (live acted)
-weta (live acted)
-mosquito (live acted)
-[edit] "Death of a Dynasty"
-The sixth episode filmed and broadcast. 65.5 Million Years Ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana
-Conditions: Areas of low herbaceous plant cover, and forest, affected by volcanism. The episode shows some effects of the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact.
-Filming locations: Chile (Conguillío National Park), New Zealand
-This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. According to the book, the forests were shrinking and the Pierre Seaway between Laramidia and Appalachia was slowly drying up from the north. The main character is a female Tyranosaurus, who abandons her nest because all the eggs in it were infertile. She mates and nests again, lays 12 eggs, of which 3 hatch. One of the babies disappears, most likely eaten by the other two. The mother is wounded by a blow from an Ankylosaurus's tail-club and dies later of internal injuries and a broken femur. Her babies die when the dinosaurs become extinct by the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which, in the series is caused by a gigantic meteor that collides with earth in the Gulf of Mexico.
-Tyrannosaurus
-Didelphodon
-Anatotitan
-Torosaurus
-Dromaeosaurus (identified as a dromaeosaur, revealed in encyclopedia) [9]
-Unidentified small ornithopods
-Ankylosaurus
-Quetzalcoatlus[10]
-Deinosuchus (not identified, revealed on website, book and encyclopedia)
-Dinilysia (identified as snake, revealed in website, live acted by red-tailed boa)
-butterfly (live acted)
-Triceratops (shown dead)
-Unidentified mammal (shown dead)
-Unidentified reptile (shown dead)
-[edit] "Edge of the Skies"
-The female Dasplatosaurus was hunted Pentoceratops
-[edit] Companion book
-A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands [4]. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series. (see animal lists above)
-[edit] Deviations from the series
-At the end of the episode "New Blood", a Plateosaurus frightens away a Coelophysis. In the book, a Postosuchus attacks the herd and loses. Near the end of the episode, the Coelophysis gather around a waterhole. In the book, this happens earlier. In the book, the first thing to happen is the Postosuchus attack.
-In the episode "Time of the Titans", the female Diplodocus lifespan shown was: 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years. In the book, it was: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 12 years, so the Diplodocus age faster in the book. In the series, the Allosaurus attack occurs on the 3rd year. In the book, it occurs on the 4th year. The Stegosaurus kills nothing in the book.
-In the book, the Liopleurodon attack from "Cruel Sea" occurs much later, the Cryptoclidus catches a pterosaur rather than a fish, and the female Liopleurodon does not appear.
-Unlike in the episode "Giant of the Skies", Ornithocheirus cannibalism doesn't occur in the book. In the series, the lead female Utahraptor attacks the Iguanodon with no injury, whereas in the book, she is injured by the thumb spike; also, the book describes the Utahraptor attack as an attack by a large group, not just a family. Additionally, in the series the Tapejara ignore the Ornithocheirus, while the book, they try to drive it off, and later on, where in the program Ornithocheirus is driven off by the Utahraptor hunting, in the book it is driven off by turtles inhabiting lake, absent from the program.
-In the book's chapter "Beneath a Giant's Wings" ("Giant of the Skies" episode) the flowering shrub's name is Protoanthus (a fictional plant)[11], while on the show it was unnamed.
-In the episode "Spirits of the Ice Forest", the lead female Leaellynasaura is killed by the allosaur, while in the book, she dies of frostbite (in the book, the allosaur ate a subadult male), and is eaten by Koolasuchus at the end of the chapter, instead of the beginning, as in the program. In the book, all the Leaellynasaura chicks survive, and the Muttaburrasaurus don't get lost.
-Dromaeosaurus and ornithopods are not featured in the book, unlike in the episode "Death of a Dynasty." The Quetzalcoatlus gets eaten by a group of Deinosuchus in the book after a futile struggle, while the television program features only one Deinosuchus and the Quetzalcoatlus escapes without fighting back at all. In the show, Didelphodon is eaten by the female Tyrannosaurus; in the book, by a male, who eats the eggs itself. Also, in the program, the male Tyrannosaurus presents the female with a dead Triceratops, while in the book it is a Torosaurus - the same one that was seen on the program with the broken horn. Finally, in the program the Ankylosaurus hits the female Tyrannosaurus just once, while in the book, it beats the female to death; also, in the book, the Ankylosaurus is a female with a pair of "scutlings" as well, unlike the program.
-[edit] Critical reaction
-In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd.
-The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour). [5]
-[edit] Censorship
-In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon. The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored.
-[edit] Spin-offs
-See more info in the Walking with...
-The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media.
-[edit] Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience
-A live theatrical adaptation was created in Australia and began touring in early 2007 (starting in Sydney's Acer Arena, and continuing to Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide & Melbourne). Coming from the mind of creative genius William May, the show itself features life size mechanical dinosaurs operated by teams of puppeteers and drivers as well as music by James Brett.
-It was produced by Malcolm C. Cooke & Jill Bryant and directed by Scott Faris. The leading role of the paleontologist (Huxley) was played by both Bruce Spence & Felix Nobis in the original Australian version. The role of Huxley is currently played by James Roberts & Jonathan Bliss.
-The dinosaurs featured are:
-Allosaurus
-Ankylosaurus
-Brachiosaurus
-Iguanodon (shown dead)
-Liliensternus (not seen in documentary)
-Plateosaurus
-Ornithocheirus
-Stegosaurus
-Torosaurus
-Tyrannosaurus
-Utahraptor
-The show began touring North America in June 2007.
-[edit] Encyclopedia
-Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies Walking with Monsters
-[edit] Prehistoric Planet
-A child-oriented reversion of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original.
-[edit] The Walking With series
-Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series. In 2001 the sequel Walking with Beasts, set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis. In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters: Life Before Dinosaurs was produced.
-[edit] Specials
-Main articles: Chased by Dinosaurs, Sea Monsters, The Ballad Of Big Al, and Prehistoric Park
-Chased By Dinosaurs, featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (Inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy, trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras, Cymbospondylus, Dunkleosteus, Basilosaurus, Megalodon, Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus. Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park, six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus, Mammoth, Smilodon, Microraptor, Arthropleura, and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park.
-[edit] Video Game
-[edit] Computer Games
-There is a free downloadable game available at the bbc website. It is called Dinosaur World.
-[edit] Notes
-^ According to the website and companion book, the body shape is based upon a scaled-up version of Thrinaxodon. As stated in the book, the presence of cynodonts in the depicted region and the larger size of the reconstructed animal was based on fossil teeth which have subsequently been described as Kraterokheirodon. While considered to have been from a large cynodont at the time of filming, the affinities of these teeth are currently unknown. [1]
-^ The Liopleurodon is oversized as 25 meters (82 feet) long and 150 tons
-^ In the book, the fourth episode is called, "Beneath a Giant's wing", but the fourth episode of the television series is called, "Giant of the Skies
-^ Shown without feathers
-^ The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as Tapejara navigans .
-^ The dwarf allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus.
-^ In the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur".
-^ Pterosaurs in Victoria are based on fossils that are non-diagnostic to genus level.
-^ Shown without feathers
-^ It is shown as an albatross like fish eater, while in real life it would had been more like a stork [2]
-^ Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files
-[edit] See also
-Prehistoric Park
-Walking with...
-Walking with Monsters
-Walking with Beasts
-Sea Monsters
-Walking with Cavemen
-[edit] External links
-Australian copy of the now down BBC site
-"Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience" Official Website
-IMDB information about The Ballad Of Big Al
-[show]v • d • eWalking with...
-TV series Walking with Dinosaurs · Walking with Beasts · Walking with Monsters · Walking with Dinosaurs: The Next Chapter
-TV specials The Ballad Of Big Al · Chased by Dinosaurs · Sea Monsters
-Spin-offs Prehistoric Planet · Walking with Cavemen · Prehistoric Park
-[show]v • d • eImpossible Pictures Productions
-Walking with Dinosaurs • The Ballad of Big Al • Walking with Beasts • The Lost World • Chased by Dinosaurs • Sea Monsters •
-The Legend of the Tamworth Two • Space Odyssey: Voyage To The Planets • T. rex - 100 Years in Pictures • The Story of One • Walking with Monsters •
-Pickles: The Dog who Won the World Cup • Perfect Disaster • Ocean Odyssey • Prehistoric Park • Primeval
-Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs"
-Categories: BBC television documentaries | Peabody Award winners | Prehistoric life in popular culture and entertainment
-  with Dinosaurs
-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-Jump to: navigation, search
-Walking with Dinosaurs
-Genre Documentary
-Developed by Andrew Wilks
-Narrated by Kenneth Branagh
-Theme music composer Ben Bartlett
-Country of origin UK
-Language(s) English
-No. of seasons 1
-No. of episodes 6 (List of episodes)
-Production
-Executive
-producer(s) John Lynch
-Producer(s) Tim Haines, Jasper James
-Running time 30 min.
-Broadcast
-Original channel BBC
-Original airing April 16, 1999
-Chronology
-Related shows Walking with Beasts, Walking with Monsters
-External links
-Official website
-Walking with Dinosaurs was a six-part television series produced by the BBC, narrated by Kenneth Branagh, and first aired in the UK in 1999. The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel, with Branagh's voice replaced with that of Avery Brooks. The series used computer-generated imagery and animatronics to recreate the life of the Mesozoic, showing dinosaurs in a way that previously had only been seen in feature films. The program's aim was to simulate the style of a nature documentary and therefore does not include "talking head" interviews. The series used paleontologists such as Peter Dodson, Peter Larson and James Farlow as advisors (their influence in the filming process can be seen in the documentary Walking with Dinosaurs - The Making Of).
-The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.[3]
-Contents [hide]
-Episodes
-.1 "New Blood"
-.2 "Time of the Titans"
-.3 "Cruel Sea"
-.4 "Giant of the skies"
-.5 "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
-.6 "Death of a Dynasty"
-.7 "Edge of the Skies"
-Companion book
-.1 Deviations from the series
-Critical reaction
-Censorship
-Spin-offs
-.1 Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience
-.2 Encyclopedia
-.3 Prehistoric Planet
-.4 The Walking With series
-.5 Specials
-Video Game
-.1 Computer Games
-Notes
-See also
-External links
-[edit] Episodes
-Each episode of Walking with Dinosaurs focused on the lives of one or more "protagonists", depicting fictional and speculative events based mainly on inferences and the behavior of modern animals, produced in a style that mimicked traditional wildlife documentaries.
-[edit] "New Blood"
-The first episode filmed and broadcast. 220 Million Years Ago — Late Triassic; Arizona
-Filming location: New Caledonia
-Conditions: semi-desert with short rainy season. In the year of the episode, the rains are late.
-The episode followed a female Coelophysis as it tried to survive in the dry season. The Coelophysis was shown hunting a herd of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey upon. Early pterosaurs (specifically Peteinosaurus) were also featured, depicted cooling themselves in what little water was present during the drought. A female rauisuchian (Postosuchus, one of the largest carnivores alive at the time of the Triassic) was also shown following the Placerias herd. Still searching for food, the Coelophysis are shown discovering a burrow of the small mammal-like cynodont, Unfortunately one youngster strays too close and is eaten, The father cynodont attempts to protect the youngster, but to no avail. At night, the pair of cynodonts are shown eating their remaining young, then moving away. The female Postosuchus is later wounded by a Placeras's tusks, and is beaten out of its territory by a rival Postosuchus. Wounded, sick and without a territory, the female is killed and eaten by a pack of Coelophysis. Finally, the wet season comes again, and the Coelophysis have survived, along with the cynodont pair. The episode ends with the arrival of a herd of the prosauropod Plateosaurus, forshadowing the future dominance of giant sauropod dinosaurs as depicted in the second episode.
-Coelophysis
-Placerias
-Cynodont [1]
-Postosuchus
-Peteinosaurus
-Plateosaurus
-lungfish
-dragonfly (live acted)
-[edit] "Time of the Titans"
-The second episode to be filmed and broadcast. 152 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Colorado
-Filming locations: Redwood National Park (Fern Canyon), Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand
-Conditions: warm with mixture of forest and fern-prairies.
-This episode followed the life of a young female Diplodocus. After hatching, its siblings are burnt in a natural forest fire along with many others, such as the small ornithopod dryosaurus, eaten by two Allosaurus and an Ornitholestes, and accidentally speared by a Stegosaurus tail spikes. The young Diplodocus and one surviving sibling eventually locate and join a herd. The plains are also home to other herbivores, including Brachiosaurus and Stegosaurus, while small pterosaurs called Anurognathus feast on their parasites (a speculative behavior inspired by oxpecker birds in modern Africa). At the end of the episode, an Allosaurus attacks the Diplodocus, but she is saved when a larger Diplodocus lashes the predator with its whip-like tail.
-Diplodocus
-Anurognathus
-Allosaurus
-Ornitholestes
-Stegosaurus
-Brachiosaurus
-Unidentified small ornithopods (appear in 2 different colour schemes)
-damselfly (live acted)
-dung beetle (live acted)
-[edit] "Cruel Sea"
-The third episode filmed and broadcast. 149 Million Years Ago — Late Jurassic — Oxfordshire
-Filming locations: Bahamas, New Caledonia
-Conditions: shallow tropical sea with small islands.
-The Ophthalmosaurus breeding ceremony is the main event of the episode, but sharks and other predators, including Liopleurodon are on the hunt. The opening portrays a Liopleurodon snatching a Eustreptospondylus from the land, but there is no evidence of this ever occurring. (According to the producers, they were influenced by similar attacks by Killer Whales on land creatures.) In the end of the episode, a typhoon kills many Rhamphorhynchus, and washes the Liopleurodon ashore and it dies suffocated by its weight.
-Ophthalmosaurus
-Cryptoclidus
-Hybodus (identified as shark,revealed on website and in encyclopedia)
-Leptolepis (identified as fish,revealed in website,live-acted by herring)
-Rhamphorhynchus
-Eustreptospondylus
-Liopleurodon[2]
-Perisphinctes (identified as ammonite,revealed in book)
-Unindentified horseshoe crab (live acted by horseshoe crab)
-jellyfish (live acted)
-squid (live acted)
-bark beetle (live acted)
-Unidentified turtle (shown dead)
-[edit] "Giant of the skies"
-[3] The fourth episode filmed and broadcast. 127 Million Years Ago — Early Cretaceous — Young Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Cantabria)
-Filming locations: New Zealand, Tasmania
-Conditions: Sea and coastlands.
-It stars an elderly male Ornithocheirus, a large pterosaur, who is on his way back from South America to the island of Cantabria in Europe to mate. He passes a nesting colony of Tapejara. He reaches the north tip of South America and crosses sea to North America. He passes a herd of Iguanodon who were migrating along a beach. He travels from America to Europe across the young Atlantic Ocean. He reaches a European island, off the coast of Britain, which in the book of the series is named Cornubia. He passes another herd of Iguanodon, who are being preyed on by a pack of Utahraptor. Eventually, the Ornithocheirus reaches his breeding site, but fails to get a mate as he cannot land in the best place in the middle of the breeding site, because on the way he had been delayed (by having to shelter from a storm under a cliff overhang) and the site was taken. In the end, he perishes on a beach of hunger, exhaustion, heat stress and old age.
-Ornithocheirus
-Iguanodon
-Utahraptor[4]
-Polacanthus
-Tapejara[5]
-Iberomesornis (identified as bird, revealed on website, in book and encyclopedia)
-Plesiopleurodon (not identified, revealed on web)
-Saurophthirus (identified as parasite, revealed on website and book, live acted by mite)
-Unidentified pterosaur
-fish (live acted)
-wasp (live acted)
-[edit] "Spirits of the Ice Forest"
-The fifth episode filmed and broadcast. 106 Million Years Ago — Middle Cretaceous, in the rift valley where Australia is beginning to separate from Antarctica.
-Conditions: Forest dominated by podocarps, very near South Pole (the sun did not rise for 5 months in the winter). The lopsided arrangement of the continents keeps ocean currents and strong monsoon winds blowing across the polar area, keeping it free of icecap and warm enough for forests to grow.
-Filming location: New Zealand
-This episode focuses on a flock of Leaellynasaura who are trying to survive the freezing winter and breed in the summer. The episode runs from end of winter to the next end of winter. At the beginning a Koolasuchus eats a Leaellynasaura which had died in the winter. During the summer a dwarf allosaur hunts the Leaellynasaura and the Muttaburrasaurus. The Leaellynasaura usually escape, but during the noise and trampling and confusion caused by the Muttaburrasaurus migrating away north for the winter, the allosaur catches and eats the female of the Leaellynasauras' alpha pair. Other predators like Koolasuchus are on the hunt for the Leaellynasaura.
-Leaellynasaura
-Muttaburrasaurus
-Unidentified allosaur (identified as polar allosaur[6] [7]
-Koolasuchus
-Unidentified pterosaur[8]
-Steropodon (identified as mammal, revealed in website and book, live-acted by a coati)
-tuatara (live acted)
-weta (live acted)
-mosquito (live acted)
-[edit] "Death of a Dynasty"
-The sixth episode filmed and broadcast. 65.5 Million Years Ago — Late Cretaceous — Montana
-Conditions: Areas of low herbaceous plant cover, and forest, affected by volcanism. The episode shows some effects of the end-of-Cretaceous asteroid impact.
-Filming locations: Chile (Conguillío National Park), New Zealand
-This episode starts several months before the extinction of the dinosaurs. According to the book, the forests were shrinking and the Pierre Seaway between Laramidia and Appalachia was slowly drying up from the north. The main character is a female Tyranosaurus, who abandons her nest because all the eggs in it were infertile. She mates and nests again, lays 12 eggs, of which 3 hatch. One of the babies disappears, most likely eaten by the other two. The mother is wounded by a blow from an Ankylosaurus's tail-club and dies later of internal injuries and a broken femur. Her babies die when the dinosaurs become extinct by the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, which, in the series is caused by a gigantic meteor that collides with earth in the Gulf of Mexico.
-Tyrannosaurus
+Because the term only came into use in the 19th century, the [[Bible]] does not use the word "dinosaur."  However, there are numerous references throughout the biblical account. For example, the [[behemoth]] in [[Job]]  and the [[leviathan]] in [[Isaiah]] are clearly references to dinosaurs,<ref>Allan K. Steel, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1799 Could Behemoth have been a dinosaur?], ''Journal of Creation'' vol. 15 No. 2 p. 42.</ref><ref>[http://www.answersincreation.org/job4041a.htm], ''Answers in Creation''</ref> although others have claimed that Behemoth and Leviathan are references to a hippopotamus or elephant and a crocodile respectively.  However, the Biblical descriptions do not fit those creatures, note that hippopotamuses and elephants do not have a "tail like a cedar". Furthermore, even if the terms did refer to other animals, this does not necessarily invalidate the existence of dinosaurs. The Creation account was not intended as a comprehensive list of all animals God created - it does not for instance state explicitly that He created the [[ferret]]. However, Genesis does state that God created all animals, which would include any not mentioned by name.
-Didelphodon
-Anatotitan
-Torosaurus
-Dromaeosaurus (identified as a dromaeosaur, revealed in encyclopedia) [9]
-Unidentified small ornithopods
-Ankylosaurus
-Quetzalcoatlus[10]
-Deinosuchus (not identified, revealed on website, book and encyclopedia)
-Dinilysia (identified as snake, revealed in website, live acted by red-tailed boa)
-butterfly (live acted)
-Triceratops (shown dead)
-Unidentified mammal (shown dead)
-Unidentified reptile (shown dead)
-[edit] "Edge of the Skies"
+==== Extinction ====
-The female Dasplatosaurus was hunted Pentoceratops
+Creation science rejects the great impact theory, and find a number of faults in that theory.<ref>Jonathan Sarfati, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/2426 Did a meteor wipe out the dinosaurs?].</ref> Despite these critiques, the great impact theory is widely considered by the scientific community to be fact. However, those scientists cannot prove the great impact theory definitively.
-[edit] Companion book
+Creation scientists point out that evolutionists are frequently coming out with  new theories to explain the supposed extinction of the dinosaurs, and that those theories are laden with false assumptions.<ref>Michael Matthews, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/1115dinosaur.asp Dinosaur demise theory, version #451], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref>
-A companion book was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: 'New Blood' is set at Ghost Ranch; 'Cruel Sea' is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands [4]. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program as based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series. (see animal lists above)
+====Dinosaur-like creatures in history and modern sightings====
-[edit] Deviations from the series
+Creation science cites a number of reasons to believe that dinosaurs have existed until relatively recent times, and perhaps still survive.
-At the end of the episode "New Blood", a Plateosaurus frightens away a Coelophysis. In the book, a Postosuchus attacks the herd and loses. Near the end of the episode, the Coelophysis gather around a waterhole. In the book, this happens earlier. In the book, the first thing to happen is the Postosuchus attack.
+[[Image:AZ_RockArtDino1a.jpg‎|right|thumb|right|Charles W. Gilmore, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology with the United States National Museum, examined an ancient pictograph which he claimed portrays dinosaurs and man coexisting]]
-In the episode "Time of the Titans", the female Diplodocus lifespan shown was: 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years. In the book, it was: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 12 years, so the Diplodocus age faster in the book. In the series, the Allosaurus attack occurs on the 3rd year. In the book, it occurs on the 4th year. The Stegosaurus kills nothing in the book.
+* There have been a number of sightings of dinosaur-like creatures reported by the [[best of the public]].
-In the book, the Liopleurodon attack from "Cruel Sea" occurs much later, the Cryptoclidus catches a pterosaur rather than a fish, and the female Liopleurodon does not appear.
+** A thousand people reported seeing a dinosaur-like monster in two sightings around Sayram Lake in Xinjiang according to the Chinese publication, China Today.<ref name="Today" />
-Unlike in the episode "Giant of the Skies", Ornithocheirus cannibalism doesn't occur in the book. In the series, the lead female Utahraptor attacks the Iguanodon with no injury, whereas in the book, she is injured by the thumb spike; also, the book describes the Utahraptor attack as an attack by a large group, not just a family. Additionally, in the series the Tapejara ignore the Ornithocheirus, while the book, they try to drive it off, and later on, where in the program Ornithocheirus is driven off by the Utahraptor hunting, in the book it is driven off by turtles inhabiting lake, absent from the program.
+** Locals in the Congo have reported a creature they name ''Mokele-mbembe'',<ref name="Today" /><ref>[http://www.mokelembembe.com/ Mokele-mbembe The Living Dinosaur!]</ref> and from its description it appears to be a small plant-eating dinosaur.  The reports have been taken seriously enough that a biologist from the [[University of Chicago]] has made several expeditions to find the creature.  Another biologist has reported seeing the creature.<ref name="Today" />
-In the book's chapter "Beneath a Giant's Wings" ("Giant of the Skies" episode) the flowering shrub's name is Protoanthus (a fictional plant)[11], while on the show it was unnamed.
+** Dinosaur-like creatures have been seen by several people in two different parts of [[Papua New Guinea]] since 1990.<ref>Anon., [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/381 A living dinosaur?], ''Creation'' 23(1):56, December 2000.<br />Irwin, Brian, [http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/5847 Theropod and sauropod dinosaurs sighted in PNG?] 1st July, 2008 (Creation Ministries International).</ref>
-In the episode "Spirits of the Ice Forest", the lead female Leaellynasaura is killed by the allosaur, while in the book, she dies of frostbite (in the book, the allosaur ate a subadult male), and is eaten by Koolasuchus at the end of the chapter, instead of the beginning, as in the program. In the book, all the Leaellynasaura chicks survive, and the Muttaburrasaurus don't get lost.
+* There are drawings of creatures resembling dinosaurs.
-Dromaeosaurus and ornithopods are not featured in the book, unlike in the episode "Death of a Dynasty." The Quetzalcoatlus gets eaten by a group of Deinosuchus in the book after a futile struggle, while the television program features only one Deinosuchus and the Quetzalcoatlus escapes without fighting back at all. In the show, Didelphodon is eaten by the female Tyrannosaurus; in the book, by a male, who eats the eggs itself. Also, in the program, the male Tyrannosaurus presents the female with a dead Triceratops, while in the book it is a Torosaurus - the same one that was seen on the program with the broken horn. Finally, in the program the Ankylosaurus hits the female Tyrannosaurus just once, while in the book, it beats the female to death; also, in the book, the Ankylosaurus is a female with a pair of "scutlings" as well, unlike the program.
+** An expedition which included Charles W. Gilmore, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology with the United States National Museum, examined an ancient pictograph which he claimed portrays dinosaurs and man coexisting.<ref>[http://www.creationism.org/swift/DohenyExpedition/Doheny01Main.htm Doheny Scientific Expedition, Hava Supai Canyon, Arizona], ''Creationism.org''</ref><ref>[http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/read/the_hava_supai_dinosaur_carving The Hava Supai Dinosaur Carving], ''ChristianCourier.com''</ref>
+** The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, a second century BC piece of art, contains a portion which depicts a group of Ethiopians hunting what some claim appears to be a dinosaur; there is much debate on this, however, and most modern art historians consider the mysterious animal to be a lion or a crocodile (the latter theory is supported by the presence of the Greek word for "crocodile" written near the image of the mysterious animal).<ref>[http://www.s8int.com/dinolit2.html Dinosaurs in Literature, Art & History-- Page 2], ''s8int.com''</ref>
+[[Image:Palestrina1.jpg|right|thumb|A portion of the [[Nile Mosaic of Palestrina]], depicting the hunting of an animal which is often said to resemble a dinosaur (but which appears to be labelled "crocodile" in Greek).]]
+* Engravings in the floor of Carlisle Cathedral appear to be of dinosaurs.  They are on the tomb of bishop Richard Bell, who died in 1496.<ref>See picture on page 241 of Batten, Don, et. al., 2007, ''The Creation Answers Book''.</ref>
+* Creatures matching dinosaurs and similar creatures have been described by various people groups.
+* Descriptions of [[dragon]]s are widespread and match descriptions of dinosaurs, showing that dragons were real creatures and were actually very likely dinosaurs.
+** The World Book Encyclopedia states that: "The [[dragon]]s of legend are strangely like actual creatures that have lived in the past. They are much like the great reptiles [dinosaurs] which inhabited the earth long before man is supposed to have appeared on earth." <ref>Quoted in [http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/FAQ25.html What about the Dinosaurs?], ''CreationScience.com''</ref>  Dragons exist in the folklore of many European and Asian cultures.<ref name="WB2000">''Dragon'' entry in World Book Millennium 2000 CD ROM</ref>  World Book Encyclopedia says, "In Europe, dragons are traditionally portrayed as ferocious beasts that represent the evils fought by human beings.  But in Asia, especially in China and Japan, the animals are generally considered friendly creatures that ensure good luck and wealth."<ref Name="WB2000" />
+** Dragons appear in the flag of [[Wales]], in traditional [[China|Chinese]] New Year's Day celebrations, and in the Chinese [[calendar]].  Every other creature on the calendar is a real creature.
+* That dinosaurs are not known from the fossil record above the [[Cretaceous]] strata is not reason to believe that they have not survived until more recent times.
+** Living specimens of orders of animals that were believed to have been extinct for millions of years have been found before, such as the Diatomyidae Squirrel,<ref>[http://news.softpedia.com/news/They-Thought-It-Went-Extinct-11-Million-Years-Ago-19557.shtml Diatomyidae Squirrel]</ref> the Wollemi Pine <ref>[http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/enviro/wollemi.cfm Wollemi Pine ''Biotechnology Australia'']</ref> and the [[Coelacanth]].<ref>[http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/coelacanth/coelacanths.html Sulawesi Coelacanth. ''University Of California, Berkeley'']</ref><ref>[http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=54 More on the Coelacanth ''marinebio.org'']</ref>
+* The recent dinosaur tissue find is a strong rebuttal of the claim that dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.<ref>Carl Wieland, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3042 Still soft and stretchy], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref>
+*The [[Welsh|Wales]] flag features an image of a [[dragon]], strongly implying that the ancient people in that part of the world were familiar with large, lizard-like creatures like dinosaurs.
-[edit] Critical reaction
+<!-- The Coelacanth are from a group that had previously been thought to have rudimentary limbs and so be the ancestor of land creatures, but this idea was dropped when living Coelacanths were discovered.<ref>[http://www.users.bigpond.com/rdoolan/coelacanth.html Coelacanth: the world’s oldest fish?]</ref>  Biologists see this as merely a minor adjustment to the story of evolution. -->
-In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted on by industry professionals, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd.
-The series won three Emmy Awards, including Best Animated Program (For More Than One Hour). [5]
+==== Dinosaurs and birds ====
+[[Creation science]] shows that the idea that birds are descendants of dinosaurs is not demonstrated by the evidence,<ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3833/106/ Bird evolution?], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref><ref>Andy McIntosh, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/540/ 100 years of airplanes—but these weren’t the first flying machines!], ''Creation'' vol. 26 No. 1 p. 44</ref> and that the dinosaur-bird connection is even disputed by some evolutionists.
+In his article, "Fifteen ways to refute materialistic bigotry", Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]] wrote regarding dinosaurs being descendants of birds:
+{{cquote|“The same logic applies to the dinosaur-[[bird]] debate. It is perfectly in order for creationists to cite [[Alan Feduccia|Feduccia]]’s devastating criticism against the idea that birds evolved ‘ground up’ from running dinosaurs (the cursorial theory). But the dino-to-bird advocates counter with equally powerful arguments against Feduccia’s ‘trees-down’ (arboreal) theory. The evidence indicates that the critics are ''both'' right — birds did not evolve either from running dinos or from tree-living mini-crocodiles. In fact, birds did not evolve from non-birds at all!<ref>Jonathan Sarfati, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/2610 15 ways to refute materialistic bigotry], ''Creation Ministries International''</ref>}}
-[edit] Censorship
+Creation science also cites the evolutionist and [[atheism|atheist]] [[Ernst Mayr]]<ref>Matthews, Michael, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/1208mayr.asp 99 and still fighting God], 8th December, 2003 (Answers in Genesis).</ref> who stated the following:
-In the initial U.S. broadcasts of the series, a few scenes were omitted from some of the episodes. The most notable deletions were a shot of the cynodont pair devouring their offspring, and a scene where a dead-in-shell Tyrannosaurus embryo is preyed upon by a pair of Didelphodon. The DVD and VHS contains the original UK broadcast, so the omitted scenes were restored.
+{{cquote|“It must be admitted, however, that it is a considerable strain on one’s credulity to assume that finely balanced systems such as certain sense organs (the eye of vertebrates, or the bird’s feather) could be improved by random mutations." <ref>[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes10.html In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood], ''Center for Scientific Creation''</ref><ref>Find the full quote on [https://books.google.com/books?id=mAIjnLp6r_MC&pg=PA296&lpg=PA296&dq=Ernst+Mayr+1942+%22It+must+be+admitted,+however,+that+it+is+a+considerable+strain+on+one%27s+credulity+to+assume%22&source=bl&ots=TRDzBtumPF&sig=XwvnT327A9sn3Uvs0RLOaQNo5Zo&hl=en&ei=P6H6Te37LMSwhAf03fimAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false], starting from line 6.</ref> }}
+The March 2003 issue of ''Scientific American'' is also cited by creation scientists:
+{{cquote|Of all the body coverings nature has designed, feathers are the most various and the most mysterious...The origin of feathers is a specific instance of the much more general question of the origin of evolutionary novelties--structures that have no clear antecedents in ancestral animals and no clear related structures (homologues) in contemporary relatives. Although evolutionary theory provides a robust explanation for the appearance of minor variations in the size and shape of creatures and their component parts, it does not yet give as much guidance for understanding the emergence of entirely new structures, including digits, limbs, eyes and feathers...." <ref>Michael Matthews, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/0313sciam.asp Scientific American admits creationists hit a sore spot], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref><ref>[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000CD7F6-B16F-1E41-89E0809EC588EEDF Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?], ''Scientific American''</ref>}}
-[edit] Spin-offs
+Creation science also shows that the comparative anatomy analysis done by evolutionists comparing bird bones and dinosaur bones is flawed.<ref>Dr. David N. Menton, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2005/0328discovery.asp "Ostrich-osaurus" Discovery?], ''Answers in Genesis''</ref>
-See more info in the Walking with...
-The popularity of Walking with Dinosaurs led to numerous spin-offs in various media.
+===Evolutionary/Old Earth Perspective===
+The view of [[atheism|atheists]], evolutionists, and others who accept the uniformitarian timescale is that dinosaurs existed on earth from 230 million years ago to 65 million years ago. In this view, the entire population of dinosaurs were wiped out by a mass extinction event (usually thought to be a meteorite) about 65 million years ago.
+This precludes humans and dinosaurs co-existing.
+====Extinction====
-[edit] Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience
+According to evolutionists, close to 65 million years ago, at the end of the [[Cretaceous]] period, and the beginning of what is called the [[Tertiary]] period, an event occurred which has come to be known as the [[K-T Event]].  This event would have obliterated most life on Earth, plunging the world into something that would now be likened to global nuclear winter, through which few extant species could survive.  Although these scientists dispute the nature of the K-T Event (selecting among any number of catastrophes that could have caused the significant global cooling that resulted), most believe that the claimed K-T Event was caused by the collision of a massive asteroid with the Earth, the dust and debris from which would have shrouded the sky for thousands of years, cooling Earth considerably.<ref>Kevin O Pope, "Meteorite impact and the mass extinction of species at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, available at [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/19/11028]</ref>  According to this view, the dinosaurs did not survive this cataclysm.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0823_020823_asteroid.html Prehistoric Asteroid "Killed Everything"], ''National Geographic''</ref>  A layer of rock containing high concentrations of [[Iridium]], a metal that is extremely rare on earth but common in asteroids, is said to be due to the vaporization and then fall of dust from the meteorite's impact, and its compression within the subsequent geological record.<ref>''Ibid''</ref> The evidence of a large impact crater can be found in rocks of the [[Yucatán]] Peninsula of the supposed age of this layer.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0307_030307_impactcrater.html "Dinosaur-Killer" Asteroid Crater Imaged for First Time], ''National Geographic''</ref><ref>http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/events/cowen1b.html</ref>
-A live theatrical adaptation was created in Australia and began touring in early 2007 (starting in Sydney's Acer Arena, and continuing to Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide & Melbourne). Coming from the mind of creative genius William May, the show itself features life size mechanical dinosaurs operated by teams of puppeteers and drivers as well as music by James Brett.
+Creationists assert that the assumptions underpinning the methods used by modern geologists are incorrect, and even though the validity of a large impact is accepted, this does not constitute proof that the impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.{{fact}}
-It was produced by Malcolm C. Cooke & Jill Bryant and directed by Scott Faris. The leading role of the paleontologist (Huxley) was played by both Bruce Spence & Felix Nobis in the original Australian version. The role of Huxley is currently played by James Roberts & Jonathan Bliss.
+====An explosion of new species ====
-The dinosaurs featured are:
+Evolutionists speculate that a mass extinction of the dinosaurs removed a major food competitor, and predator, of smaller animals.  As a result of a new "vacancy" in the food chain, following the [[K-T Event]], it is theorized that vast speciation occurred, as the evolutionary pressure of a new cold age propelled animal species to adapt or die out.  According to this view, [[mammals]] were some of the main beneficiaries of this explosion: their fur allowed them to adapt to the cold, and their small size allowed them to conserve energy relative to the huge dinosaurs of the previous age.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Life-Universe-Jeffrey-Bennett/dp/0805385770 Bennet, Shostak, Jakotsky, "Life in the Universe," viewable at]</ref>
-Allosaurus
+====Dinosaurs and birds====
-Ankylosaurus
-Brachiosaurus
-Iguanodon (shown dead)
-Liliensternus (not seen in documentary)
-Plateosaurus
-Ornithocheirus
-Stegosaurus
-Torosaurus
-Tyrannosaurus
-Utahraptor
-The show began touring North America in June 2007.
+As a number of feathered fossils (claimed to be dinosaurs) have been discovered, and evolutionary scientists claim the similarity in the bone structure between birds and dinosaurs show that modern birds are a descendants of dinosaurs.  This is often cited as an example of [[macroevolution]].<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1006_041006_feathery_dino.html New Dinosaur Discovered: T. Rex Cousin Had Feathers], ''National Geographic''</ref>
-[edit] Encyclopedia
+==Dinosaur fossils, human fossils and geological strata ==
-Tim Haines and Paul Chambers have also written a Walking With... encyclopedia known as The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, featuring most animals from the series, including the specials, and the accompanies Walking with Monsters
+Some evolutionary scientists assert that if human bones aren’t found with dinosaur bones, then dinosaurs and man didn’t live together.<ref name="HaD">Hodge, Bodie, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n1/humans-and-dinosaurs If humans and dinosaurs lived together, why don’t we find human fossils with dinosaur fossils?] ''Answers'' 1(1):52, May 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CH/CH710.html Claim CH710] (The TalkOrigins Archive)</ref>
+Creation scientists point out that this is a false assumption; if human bones aren’t found buried with dinosaur bones, it simply means they weren't buried together.<ref name="HaD" />
+Evolutionists speculate that [[radiometric dating]] of rocks containing dinosaur bones indicates them to have formed between 65 million years ago and 250 million years ago, whereas rocks with human bones in them are dated as being much newer (less than 5 million years old). Creation science shows that those methods of dating rocks provide false results, and therefore reject this argument.<ref>https://creation.com/radiometric-dating-questions-and-answers</ref>
-[edit] Prehistoric Planet
+Creation science points out that the fossil record contains mainly marine organisms and that a small sliver of the fossil record contains vertebrates and thus shows that we shouldn't expect to find many human fossils at all.<ref name="HaD" />
-A child-oriented reversion of this series was released in America under the title Prehistoric Planet for the Discovery Kids Saturday morning line-up on NBC, with new narration read by Ben Stiller and Christian Slater over the same visuals. This version cut out the majority of the "violence" of the original.
+Moreover, as the biblical [[Great Flood|Flood]] would be a marine catastrophe, it would be expected that marine fossils would dominate the fossil record.  This is in fact what we find.<ref name="NAB">Hodge, Bodie, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/PublicStore/pdfs/SampleChapter/10-2-267.pdf Why Don’t We Find Human & Dinosaur Fossils Together?] (chapter 13 of the New Answers Book), 2006.</ref>
+Approximately 70% of the Earth is covered in salt water which would also explain the dominance of marine fossils. In addition, creation scientists show there may have been a small pre-flood human population and that massive amounts of flood sediment are why we haven’t found human fossils in pre-biblical flood sediments.<ref name="NAB" />
+Also, creation scientists point out that we don't find human bones buried with [[coelacanth]]s yet humans and coelacanths coexist today.<ref name="HaD" />
-[edit] The Walking With series
-Because it was a big success, Tim Haines's direct follow-up in, what is known, the Walking with series. In 2001 the sequel Walking with Beasts, set in the Cenozoic era. This series featured extinct mammals and birds like Indricotherium and Gastornis. In 2005 the prequel Walking with Monsters: Life Before Dinosaurs was produced.
-[edit] Specials
+== In Popular Culture ==
-Main articles: Chased by Dinosaurs, Sea Monsters, The Ballad Of Big Al, and Prehistoric Park
+Dinosaurs have been a fixture of popular culture since their discovery. It is theorized that some of the myths of fantastical creatures stem from the accidental discovery of dinosaur fossils. More recently, dinosaurs have featured in popular stories including books, movies, television, video games, even music.
-Chased By Dinosaurs, featuring Nigel Marven, stars Argentinosaurus and Therizinosaurus in two episodes in which Nigel tries to track down the biggest dinosaurs and the longest claws. The Ballad Of Big Al follows the life of an Allosaurus (Inspired by evidence found on a single Allosaurus skeleton). Nigel returns in Sea Monsters Trilogy, trying to survive the seven most dangerous seas of all time and meet the dangerous sea predators of the past -- Cameroceras, Cymbospondylus, Dunkleosteus, Basilosaurus, Megalodon, Liopleurodon and Tylosaurus. Nigel also stars in the latest special: Prehistoric Park, six episodes in which he tries to collect Tyrannosaurus, Mammoth, Smilodon, Microraptor, Arthropleura, and Deinosuchus for a prehistoric zoo known as Prehistoric Park.
+In the 1912 novel "The Lost World" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (of Sherlock Holmes fame), was published describing an expedition into an Amazon basin where animals thought to be extinct (including dinosaurs) had survived.
-[edit] Video Game
+Dinosaurs were introduced to a wide modern audience when movies like the Jurassic Park series were released.
-[edit] Computer Games
+== See also ==
-There is a free downloadable game available at the bbc website. It is called Dinosaur World.
+*[[Evolution]]
+*[[Theory of Evolution and Cases of Fraud, Hoaxes and Speculation]]
+*[[Irreligion and superstition]]
+*[[Young earth creationism]]
+== External links ==
-[edit] Notes
+*[https://answersingenesis.org/dinosaurs/humans/ Dinosaurs and Humans],  [[Answers in Genesis]]
-^ According to the website and companion book, the body shape is based upon a scaled-up version of Thrinaxodon. As stated in the book, the presence of cynodonts in the depicted region and the larger size of the reconstructed animal was based on fossil teeth which have subsequently been described as Kraterokheirodon. While considered to have been from a large cynodont at the time of filming, the affinities of these teeth are currently unknown. [1]
-^ The Liopleurodon is oversized as 25 meters (82 feet) long and 150 tons
-^ In the book, the fourth episode is called, "Beneath a Giant's wing", but the fourth episode of the television series is called, "Giant of the Skies
-^ Shown without feathers
-^ The species depicted was undescribed in 1999 but has subsequently been described as Tapejara navigans .
-^ The dwarf allosaur in the fifth episode is based on an isolated astragalus.
-^ In the American narration of the episode, the dwarf allosaur is referred to as a carnosaur instead, while the book identified it as a "polar allosaur".
-^ Pterosaurs in Victoria are based on fossils that are non-diagnostic to genus level.
-^ Shown without feathers
-^ It is shown as an albatross like fish eater, while in real life it would had been more like a stork [2]
-^ Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files
-[edit] See also
+==References==
-Prehistoric Park
+{{reflist|2}}
-Walking with...
-Walking with Monsters
-Walking with Beasts
-Sea Monsters
-Walking with Cavemen
-[edit] External links
+[[Category:Dinosaurs]]
-Australian copy of the now down BBC site
-"Walking with Dinosaurs - The Live Experience" Official Website
-IMDB information about The Ballad Of Big Al
-[show]v • d • eWalking with...
-TV series Walking with Dinosaurs · Walking with Beasts · Walking with Monsters · Walking with Dinosaurs: The