Difference between revisions of "Personality"

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While other traits exist, these are thought to define a large part of individuality. Hans Eysenck initiated this concept, but only included two personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism.
 
While other traits exist, these are thought to define a large part of individuality. Hans Eysenck initiated this concept, but only included two personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism.
  
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=== Big Fiave personality traits ===
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=== Big Five personality traits ===
  
 
* [[Conscientiousness]] - [[Self-control]]/Self-[[Discipline|discipline]]/[[Will (psychology)|willpower]], efficiency/[[productivity]], orderliness/[[organizational skills]] and dependable. Conscientiousness is positively correlated to a desire to perform a task well. See: [[Self-efficacy]] and [[Skill]] and [[Work ethic]]
 
* [[Conscientiousness]] - [[Self-control]]/Self-[[Discipline|discipline]]/[[Will (psychology)|willpower]], efficiency/[[productivity]], orderliness/[[organizational skills]] and dependable. Conscientiousness is positively correlated to a desire to perform a task well. See: [[Self-efficacy]] and [[Skill]] and [[Work ethic]]
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The importance of neuroplasticity can’t be overstated: It means that it is possible to change dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaving and to develop new mindsets, new memories, new skills, and new abilities.<ref>[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/neuroplasticity#:~:text=The%20importance%20of%20neuroplasticity%20can,new%20skills%2C%20and%20new%20abilities. Neuroplasticity]</ref>}}
 
The importance of neuroplasticity can’t be overstated: It means that it is possible to change dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaving and to develop new mindsets, new memories, new skills, and new abilities.<ref>[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/neuroplasticity#:~:text=The%20importance%20of%20neuroplasticity%20can,new%20skills%2C%20and%20new%20abilities. Neuroplasticity]</ref>}}
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=== Big Five personality traits typical potential changes and potential changes with signficant effort and/or major life change ===
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"A bell curve, also known as a [[normal distribution]], is a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that represents the distribution of data in statistics. Standard deviations measure the spread or dispersion of data points around the [[mean]] (average) of a normal distribution. In a normal distribution, roughly 68% of the data falls within one [[standard deviation]] of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations."<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=normal+bell+curve+and+standard+deviations&oq=normal+bell+curve+and+standard+deviations&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCAgCEAAYFhgeMggIAxAAGBYYHjIICAQQABgWGB4yCggFEAAYChgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjINCAgQABiGAxiABBiKBTIGCAkQLhhA0gEJMjc3MDlqMGoxqAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 Normal bell curve and standard deviations]</ref>
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Big Five personality traits – Typical possible change ranges:
 +
{{Cquote|
 +
* Extraversion → Can shift about 0.5 SD, sometimes up to 1.0 SD with therapy or big life changes.
 +
 +
* Agreeableness → Usually 0.3–0.5 SD, but can move up to ~1.0 SD in some cases.
 +
 +
* Conscientiousness → One of the more trainable traits; evidence suggests 0.5–1.0 SD shifts are possible, especially with habit-building, therapy, or structured environments.
 +
 +
* Neuroticism ([[Emotional stability|Emotional Stability]]) → Can reduce by 0.5–1.0 SD with therapy, mindfulness, or medication. This is often the most responsive trait to intentional change.
 +
 +
*Openness to Experience → Usually the most stable; small shifts (~0.3–0.5 SD) are common, but larger changes are rare unless triggered by education, travel, or very novel experiences.
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'''Summary'''
 +
 +
Most changeable: Neuroticism ↓, Conscientiousness ↑
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Moderately changeable: Extraversion, Agreeableness
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Least changeable: Openness."<ref>[https://chatgpt.com/share/68a5883f-860c-800a-8c0e-b94b569bce1b How many standard deviation points is it possible to move one's agreeableness?]</ref>}}
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Typical big life changes are starting a more challenging job, [[Goal setting|achieving a big goal]], overcoming a big challenge, intentional efforts to significantly stretch one's [[comfort zone]], a romantic relationship, significantly changes to one's social circle (See: [[Social influence]]) or a religious conversion.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=what+are+some+big+life+changes+that+are+positive&oq=what+are+some+big+life+changes+that+are+positive&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQLhhA0gEJMTEwMDdqMGoxqAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 What are some big life changes that are positive]</ref>
  
 
UC Davis researchers indicate:
 
UC Davis researchers indicate:
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According to Dispenza, when an emotion lasts more than a few hours, it becomes a mood. When it lasts more than a few days, it becomes a temperament. When it lasts years, it becomes a personality trait. Replacing a negative personality trait with a positive one, then, requires changing the emotions that eventually build to that trait.<ref>[https://www.shortform.com/blog/how-to-become-a-new-person/#:~:text=According%20to%20Joe%20Dispenza%2C%20our,thinking%2C%20feeling%2C%20and%20behavior. How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity]</ref>}}
 
According to Dispenza, when an emotion lasts more than a few hours, it becomes a mood. When it lasts more than a few days, it becomes a temperament. When it lasts years, it becomes a personality trait. Replacing a negative personality trait with a positive one, then, requires changing the emotions that eventually build to that trait.<ref>[https://www.shortform.com/blog/how-to-become-a-new-person/#:~:text=According%20to%20Joe%20Dispenza%2C%20our,thinking%2C%20feeling%2C%20and%20behavior. How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity]</ref>}}
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=== Techniques to change personality ===
  
 
Some of the key ways an individual can change their personality is through improving:<ref>[https://www.personalitieslab.com/articles/improve-personality 9 Tips to improve your personality], Personality Labs website]</ref><ref>[https://www.betterup.com/blog/activities-for-personality-development Activities for personality development: 15 ways to grow] by By Erin Eatough, PhD</ref>
 
Some of the key ways an individual can change their personality is through improving:<ref>[https://www.personalitieslab.com/articles/improve-personality 9 Tips to improve your personality], Personality Labs website]</ref><ref>[https://www.betterup.com/blog/activities-for-personality-development Activities for personality development: 15 ways to grow] by By Erin Eatough, PhD</ref>

Revision as of 00:53, August 26, 2025

Splitting personality into two
“[T]he ‘positive’ conception of freedom as self-mastery, with its suggestion of a man divided against himself, has in fact, and as a matter of history, of doctrine and of practice, lent itself more easily to this splitting of personality into two: the transcendent, dominant controller, and the empirical bundle of desires and passions to be disciplined and brought to heel. ... This demonstrates (if demonstration of so obvious a truth is needed) that conceptions of freedom directly derive from views of what constitutes a self, a person, a man. Enough manipulation of the definition of man, and freedom can be made to mean whatever the manipulator wishes.”
— Isaiah Berlin,[1]

Personality is the way people think, feel, and behave.[2]

Big Five personality traits

See also: Big Five personality traits

Basic Five Factor model

The Big Five personality traits (the basis for the five factor model) are the five traits psychologists use to describe an individual's personality.

The Big Five personality traits are: conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (See also: Emotional stability) and openness.[3][4]

While other traits exist, these are thought to define a large part of individuality. Hans Eysenck initiated this concept, but only included two personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism.

Big Five personality traits

Personality is changeable

See also: Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality

The Big Five personality traits change due to a person becoming more mature, efforts to change the personality traits or a major life change (See: Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality).

Brent W. Roberts and Daniel Mroczek and changes in the Big Five Personality traits and other personality changes

The psychologist Brent Roberts indicates that the data indicates that the Big Five Personality traits of conscientiousness and neuroticism are especially, significantly changeable in life and this is particularly true in people who are more emotionally unstable.[7]

Articles and videos:

Articles:

  • Personality Trait Change in Adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science by Brent W. Roberts and Daniel Mroczek. 2008 Feb 1; 17(1): 31–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00543.x

Videos:

Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality

The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.[8]

See also: Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality

According to the National Institute of Health, "Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, is a process that involves adaptive structural and functional changes to the brain."[9]

An article on neuroplasticity further states:

“ Neuroplasticity is the brain’s capacity to continue growing and evolving in response to life experiences. Plasticity is the capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered; neuroplasticity, then, is the ability for the brain to adapt or change over time, by creating new neurons and building new networks.

Historically, scientists believed that the brain stopped growing after childhood. But current research shows that the brain is able to continue growing and changing throughout the lifespan, refining its architecture or shifting functions to different regions of the brain.

The importance of neuroplasticity can’t be overstated: It means that it is possible to change dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaving and to develop new mindsets, new memories, new skills, and new abilities.[10]

”

Big Five personality traits typical potential changes and potential changes with signficant effort and/or major life change

"A bell curve, also known as a normal distribution, is a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that represents the distribution of data in statistics. Standard deviations measure the spread or dispersion of data points around the mean (average) of a normal distribution. In a normal distribution, roughly 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations."[11]

Big Five personality traits – Typical possible change ranges:

“
  • Extraversion → Can shift about 0.5 SD, sometimes up to 1.0 SD with therapy or big life changes.
  • Agreeableness → Usually 0.3–0.5 SD, but can move up to ~1.0 SD in some cases.
  • Conscientiousness → One of the more trainable traits; evidence suggests 0.5–1.0 SD shifts are possible, especially with habit-building, therapy, or structured environments.
  • Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) → Can reduce by 0.5–1.0 SD with therapy, mindfulness, or medication. This is often the most responsive trait to intentional change.
  • Openness to Experience → Usually the most stable; small shifts (~0.3–0.5 SD) are common, but larger changes are rare unless triggered by education, travel, or very novel experiences.

Summary

Most changeable: Neuroticism ↓, Conscientiousness ↑

Moderately changeable: Extraversion, Agreeableness

Least changeable: Openness."[12]

”

Typical big life changes are starting a more challenging job, achieving a big goal, overcoming a big challenge, intentional efforts to significantly stretch one's comfort zone, a romantic relationship, significantly changes to one's social circle (See: Social influence) or a religious conversion.[13]

UC Davis researchers indicate:

“ It has long been believed that people can’t change their personalities, which are largely stable and inherited. But a review of recent research in personality science points to the possibility that personality traits can change through persistent intervention and major life events.

Personality traits, identified as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, can predict a wide range of important outcomes such as health, happiness and income. Because of this, these traits might represent an important target for policy interventions designed to improve human welfare.

The research, published in the December issue of American Psychologist, is the product of the Personality Change Consortium, an international group of researchers committed to advancing understanding of personality change. The consortium was initiated by Wiebke Bleidorn and Christopher Hopwood, University of California, Davis, professors of psychology who are also co-authors of the latest paper, “The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits.” The paper has 13 other co-authors.[14]

”

The article How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity states:

“ In Atomic Habits, James Clear expands on this idea and suggests that changing your habits requires not only changing your thought patterns, but your underlying beliefs about yourself. If you want to change yourself to be more assertive, for example, but deep down you still believe you are a timid person, the changes you make toward being assertive will not last.)

According to Dispenza, when an emotion lasts more than a few hours, it becomes a mood. When it lasts more than a few days, it becomes a temperament. When it lasts years, it becomes a personality trait. Replacing a negative personality trait with a positive one, then, requires changing the emotions that eventually build to that trait.[15]

”

Techniques to change personality

Some of the key ways an individual can change their personality is through improving:[16][17]

Positive personality changes and religious conversion

See also: Change in personality traits due to religious conversion and Conversion

John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness of Judea, proclaiming, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near." - Matthew 3:1-2 (NRSV)

Jesus Christ also said: "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.This is the greatest and first commandment. And a second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.” (Matthew 22:38-40 NRSV). In addition, the Bible says to be holy and zealous in good works and to not be lukewarm (Revelation 3:16).

As far as the New Testament, according to the Greek Orthodox Diocese of America:

“ The Greek term for repentance, metanoia, denotes a change of mind, a reorientation, a fundamental transforma­tion of outlook, of man's vision of the world and of himself, and a new way of loving others and God. In the words of a second-century text, The Shepherd of Hermas, it implies "great understanding," discernment. It involves, that is, not mere regret of past evil but a recognition by man of a dar­kened vision of his own condition, in which sin, by sepa­rating him from God, has reduced him to a divided, auto­nomous existence, depriving him of both his natural glory and freedom. "Repentance," says Basil the Great, "is salvation, but lack of understanding is the death of repentance."[18] ”

Repentance is primarily a change of the heart and mind,[19] or rather a change in the mind (Greek metanoia—meta "change" + noia "mind"); a personal metamorphosis. This is what repentance means in the context of salvation: Luke 13:1-5 "Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish." Jesus is telling the people they need to change the way they think. In this context, a change of mind represents also a reversal of one's previous moral judgment, a repudiation of one's previous behavior.[19] There is a command to believe: "Repent ye, and believe the gospel" (Mark 1:15). How can anyone believe in Christ if they don't change their thinking? No one naturally sees themselves as a sinner; when you repent, you know and realize you're a sinner. You change from thinking "I'm a basically good person." to "I'm a sinner; I need Jesus." That is the third definition of repentance. "Behold, thou art made whole; sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee." John 5:14. "Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more." John 8:11. "Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance" Matthew 3:8. (See Corporal and spiritual works of mercy.)

Repentance is a turning away, to cease. Example: Revelation 2:16 "Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth."

The Big Five personality traits change due to a person becoming more mature, efforts to change the personality traits or a major life change (See: Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality).

Personality changes due to religious conversion:

“ Religious conversion is one of the life events most strongly associated with personality change, because it often reshapes someone’s identity, daily habits, values, and social world. But the magnitude of change is usually not unlimited—it tends to be moderate rather than extreme, and uneven across the Big Five traits.

Average change: Studies suggest that religious conversion or increased religiosity is associated with about 0.3 to 0.7 standard deviations of change in certain traits over time.

Maximum documented change: In rare, profound cases (e.g., dramatic “born-again” conversions or entry into highly structured religious orders), people can shift by 1+ standard deviation on some traits, but that’s exceptional.[20]

”

There is a significant amount of historical and scientific evidence that Bible reading has greatly increased human flourishing such as people's physical health, psychological well-being, character and virtue, and social connections (See: Bible reading and human flourishing).

Changes in personality and its effects on income

See also: Personality changes and its effect on income and Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality and Neuroticism and Extraversion and Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and Openness

Ben C. Fletcher D.Phil., Oxon writes:

“ In their paper Boyce and colleagues went on to put a monetary value on changes in each of the Big Five personality traits. Their results showed that every standard unit increase in personality change was equivalent to an increase of between $92,000 and $314,000 in annual household income (US dollars). To put this another way, people needed an increase of between $91,000 and $309,00 in annual income to achieve the same increase in life satisfaction produced by a unit change in personality.

Change in the different personality traits were associated with different monetary values, with change in neuroticism being worth $314k, extraversion $225k, agreeableness $149k, conscientiousness was worth $91k and openness to experience $62k. If we bear in mind that the average annual household income was around $88,000/year it seems to pay really well to Flex![21]

”

Journal articles

Personality disorders

See also: Personality disorder

Drama masks

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a mental health condition marked by unstable emotions, a distorted self-image and an overwhelming desire to be noticed. People with HPD often behave dramatically or inappropriately to get attention.[22]

About 9% of the population has at least one personality disorder.[23]

• Paranoid personality disorder is a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others' motives are interpreted as malevolent.
• Schizoid personality disorder is a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
• Antisocial personality disorder is a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.
• Borderline personality disorder is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
• Histrionic personality disorder is a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
• Narcissistic personality disorder is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
• Avoidant personality disorder is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
• Dependent personality disorder is a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control." [ibid.]

Individuals with more than one personality disorder

According to the American Psychiatry Association: "Technically, according to DSM-5*, a person can receive more than one personality disorder diagnosis. People who are diagnosed with a personality disorder most often qualify for more than one diagnosis. A person with a severe personality disorder might meet the criteria for four, five or even more disorders! In practice, clinicians usually recognize that meeting more criteria for personality disorders means more severe disorder."[24]

Anthony D. Smith LMHC indicates:

“ It's no secret that some personality disorders (PDO) have significant similarities. The Narcissistic and Antisocial share a lack of empathy and tendency for rage; Borderlines and Dependents have profound fears of abandonment and clingy behavior; the Schizoid and Avoidant are socially anxious and unassertive.

Despite the glaring similarities, careful differential diagnosis can yield one "pure" personality disorder. However, it's most common that patients exhibit a mixed presentation (APA, 2013) such as Antisocial with some Paranoid PDO characteristics, or in fact meet full criteria for two or more PDOs (e.g., Grant et al., 2005; Millon, 2011; Skewes et al., 2015).

Readers familiar with PDOs may notice that the above examples are both intra-cluster and inter-cluster (see below regarding personality disorder organization). Indeed, the PDO cluster boundaries are permeable. Grant (2005) noted that this is common, with both inter- and intra-cluster PDO combinations being "... pervasive in the general U.S. population."

Personality Disorder Organization Generally, personality disorders are categorized under three different umbrellas, or themes, and the collection of disorders under each umbrella is called a cluster. They are arranged in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as follows:

  • Cluster A are PDOs with a semi-psychotic theme. These include the Paranoid, Schizotypal, and Schizoid.
  • Cluster B are PDOs with a common theme of dramatic behavior/entitlement/moodiness/poor impulse control. This includes the Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic.
  • Cluster C are PDOs with an anxious-depressed common theme. Here we find the Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive/Perfectionistic.[25]
 ”

Personality disorders and their relationship to increased marital problems and divorce

See also: Personality disorders and divorce and Psychological and sociological research about individuals with multiple divorces

The abstract for the journal article Personality Disorder Symptoms Are Differentially Related to Divorce Frequency states:

"Divorce is associated with a multitude of outcomes related to health and well-being. Data from a representative community sample (N = 1,241) of St. Louis residents (ages 55–64) were used to examine associations between personality pathology and divorce in late midlife. Symptoms of the 10 DSM–IV personality disorders were assessed with the Structured Interview for DSM–IV Personality and the Multisource Assessment of Personality Pathology (both self and informant versions). Multiple regression analyses showed Paranoia and Histrionic personality disorder symptoms to be consistently and positively associated with number of divorces across all three sources of personality assessment. Conversely, Avoidant personality disorder symptoms were negatively associated with number of divorces. The present paper provides new information about the relationship between divorce and personality pathology at a developmental stage that is understudied in both domains."[26]

See also:

Toxic personality traits

See also: Toxic personality traits

According to WebMD.com:

“ If you know someone who’s difficult and causes a lot of conflict in your life, you may be dealing with a toxic person. These people can create lots of stress and unpleasantness for you and others, not to mention emotional or even physical pain.

A toxic person is anyone whose behavior adds negativity and upset to your life. Many times, people who are toxic are dealing with their own stresses and traumas. To do this, they act in ways that don’t present them in the best light and usually upset others along the way.

Toxicity in people isn’t considered a mental disorder. But there could be underlying mental problems that cause someone to act in toxic ways, including a personality disorder.[27]

”

Symptoms of a toxic person

Narcissistic rage is an outburst of intense anger or silence that can happen to someone with narcissistic personality disorder.[28]

Some of the characteristics of psychopaths are being angry, rash, impulsive, and oppositional (among others).[29]

Reduced empathy, often seen in psychopathy, increases the prevalence of goal-directed aggression.[30] Psychopaths have a greater risk of suffering from irritability/reactive aggression.[31] Both decreased empathy and increased anger are associated with maladaptive aggression.[32]

Symptoms of a toxic person are:[33][34][35][36]

1. Inconsistent behavior

2. They always need your attention

3. They are narcissistic

4. There is always drama. According to WebMD.com: "Toxic people thrive in dramatic situations. They inflame emotions and create conflict. They love stirring the pot to see what happens. People are often toxic because they're not interested in being stable and healthy in relationships."[37]

5. They lack empathy and are mean.

6. They don’t respect your boundaries

7. The are controlling

8. They manipulate others for what they want

9. They’ll make you prove yourself to them

10. They never apologise.

11. They’ll bring irrelevant detail into a conversation as a means of distraction and avoidance

12. They exaggerate. For example, they may frequently use the term "You always" or "You never"

13. They are dishonest

14. They are denialists

15. They abuse substances

Dark Triad personality traits

See also: Dark Triad personality traits

According to the psychological theory of the Dark Triad personality type, the three Dark Triad personality subtypes are subclinical narcissism, Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopath.[38][39][40]

"The “Dark Triad” personality traits are a toxic amalgamation of various negative traits and behaviors, such as they are domineering, violent, volatile, manipulative, remorseless, cynical, deceitful, etc."[41]

Health.com states concerning people with dark triad traits and one of the best ways to deal with them: "...people with dark triad personality traits may be able to change, but the likelihood of that happening is "minuscule," noted Hokemeyer. "The personality traits that make up a dark triad are deeply ingrained in their psyche and highly resistant to any sort of challenge that would manifest a change. The best strategy is to move away from them as quickly as possible."[42]

The dark triad personality traits and their various sub-traits.
Narcissists don't learn from their mistakes because they don't think they make any.[43]

Atheism and personhood

See also: Atheism and personhood

Under a naturalistic, atheist worldview, human beings a collection of atoms that are merely the outcome of an accidental collection of atoms.

In a naturalistic, atheistic worldview, the universe is merely the outcome of an accidental arrangement of atoms and eventually all the suns in the universe will eventually burn out (see: Atheism, agnosticism and pessimism). And unlike Bible believing Christians, there are atheists who actually assert the universe popped into existence from nothing (see: Atheism and the origin of the universe). For instance, the atheist Stephen Hawking asserted: "Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing".[44]

Atheism and consciousness

See: Atheism and consciousness

Atheism and human worth

Atheism and the devaluing of human life

Journal articles

Books

  • Personality 10th Edition by Jerry Burger. ‎Cengage Learning. January 1, 2018
  • Personality: Theory and Research 15th Edition by Daniel Cervone and Lawrence A. Pervin. Wiley. November 22, 2022
  • Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research Fourth Edition by Oliver P. John and Richard W. Robins. The Guilford Press. May 24, 2022

See also

External links

Effect of internet usage on personality:

References

  1. ↑ Mark R. Levin. Rediscovering Americanism and the tyranny of progressivism. Treshold Edition, 152–3. ISBN 978-1-4767-7308-7. 
  2. ↑ Great Ideas in Personality
  3. ↑ The Big Five Personality traits
  4. ↑ What are the Big Five Personality Traits?
  5. ↑ https://www.verywell.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422
  6. ↑ https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/big-five-personality-traits
  7. ↑ Brent Roberts: Continuity and Change in Personality, Conscientiousness, and Narcissism - video
  8. ↑ The Human Body: God's Masterpiece
  9. ↑ Neuroplasticity
  10. ↑ Neuroplasticity
  11. ↑ Normal bell curve and standard deviations
  12. ↑ How many standard deviation points is it possible to move one's agreeableness?
  13. ↑ What are some big life changes that are positive
  14. ↑ Can you change your personality?
  15. ↑ How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity
  16. ↑ 9 Tips to improve your personality, Personality Labs website]
  17. ↑ Activities for personality development: 15 ways to grow by By Erin Eatough, PhD
  18. ↑ Repentance and Confession - Introduction, Greek Orthodox Diocese of America
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 David W. Gooding & John C. Lennox (2013 (1st Edition 1997)). "8.Repentance", Key Bible Concepts. The Myrtlefield Trust, 65–73. ISBN 978-1-874584-45-2. “The very first public announcement by Christ was this:...” 
  20. ↑ How big of personality changes are possible via religious conversion?
  21. ↑ The Dollar Value of Your Personality: Changing your personality may reap financial rewards, by Ben C. Fletcher D.Phil., Oxon
  22. ↑ Histrionic Personality Disorder, Cleveland Clinic
  23. ↑ Histrionic Personality Disorder, National Library of Medicine
  24. ↑ Expert Q&A: Personality Disorders, American Psychiatry Association
  25. ↑ Can a Person Have More Than One Personality Disorder? by Anthony D. Smith
  26. ↑ Personality Disorder Symptoms Are Differentially Related to Divorce Frequency by Krystle L., Disney, Yana Weinstein, and Thomas F. Oltmanns, Journal of Family Psychology. 2012 Dec; 26(6): 959–965.doi: 10.1037/a0030446
  27. ↑ Signs of a Toxic Person, WebMD.com
  28. ↑ What Is Narcissistic Rage, and What’s the Best Way to Deal with It?, Healthline.com
  29. ↑ What Everyone Should Understand About the Dark Triad, Psychology Today website, 2022
  30. ↑ Traits of empathy and anger: implications for psychopathy and other disorders associated with aggression, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v.373(1744); 2018 Apr 19
  31. ↑ Traits of empathy and anger: implications for psychopathy and other disorders associated with aggression, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v.373(1744); 2018 Apr 19
  32. ↑ Traits of empathy and anger: implications for psychopathy and other disorders associated with aggression, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v.373(1744); 2018 Apr 19
  33. ↑ Signs of a Toxic Person, WebMD.com
  34. ↑ Do’s and Don’ts for Dealing with Toxic Behavior, Healthline.com
  35. ↑ Toxic People: 12 Things They Do and How to Deal with Them by the psychologist Karen Young
  36. ↑ What to Know About People with Toxic Traits, PsychCentral.com
  37. ↑ Signs of a Toxic Person, WebMD.com
  38. ↑ Rethinking aversive personality: Decomposing the Dark Triad traits into their common core and unique flavors, Journal of Personality. 2022 Oct 18. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12785. Online ahead of print.
  39. ↑ The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, Journal of Research in Personality Volume 36, Issue 6, December 2002, Pages 556-563
  40. ↑ Dark triad - psychology, Encylopedia Britannica
  41. ↑ How to Identify And Deal With a “Dark Triad” Personality
  42. ↑ What Is the Dark Triad and Why Are People With These Traits So Dangerous?, Health.com, 2022
  43. ↑ Narcissists don't learn from their mistakes because they don't think they make any, Eurasia Review, 2020
  44. ↑ Hawking atheopathy by Jonathan Sarfati
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