Difference between revisions of "Caitlyn Jenner"

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Jenner has six children with three successive wives — Chrystie Crownover, Linda Thompson, and Kris Jenner - and from 2007 to 2021, appeared on reality show ''Keeping Up with the Kardashians'' with daughters Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner, and Kris's other children Kourtney Kardashian, Kim Kardashian, and Khloé Kardashian.
 
Jenner has six children with three successive wives — Chrystie Crownover, Linda Thompson, and Kris Jenner - and from 2007 to 2021, appeared on reality show ''Keeping Up with the Kardashians'' with daughters Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner, and Kris's other children Kourtney Kardashian, Kim Kardashian, and Khloé Kardashian.
  
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Jenner publicly came out as a trans "woman" in April 2015, announcing his new name in July.<ref name="legal name change"/> From 2015 to 2016, he starred in the reality television series ''I Am Cait'', which focused on his [[gender transition]]. He has been called the most famous transgender person in the world.<ref name="Pilkington"/><ref name="Transgender reality"/>  
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Jenner publicly came out as a trans "woman" in April 2015, announcing his new name in July.<ref name="legal name change"/> From 2015 to 2016, he starred in the reality television series ''I Am Cait'', which focused on his gender transition. He has been called the most famous transgender person in the world.<ref name="Pilkington"/><ref name="Transgender reality"/>  
  
 
A member of the [[Republican Party]], he ran as a replacement candidate in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Markay|first1=Lachlan|last2=Treene|first2=Alayna|last3=Swan|first3=Jonathan|date=April 23, 2021|title=Caitlyn Jenner files paperwork to run for governor of California|url=https://www.axios.com/caitlyn-jenner-california-governor-run-710153ef-7a89-460d-b9ec-9efed2a9399f.html|url-status=live|access-date=April 23, 2021|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Caitlyn Jenner Announces Run For California Governor|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/23/990230017/caitlyn-jenner-announces-run-for-california-governor|access-date=April 30, 2021|website=NPR|date=April 23, 2021|language=en|last1=Wamsley|first1=Laurel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Caitlyn Jenner launches bid for California governor|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/caitlyn-jenner-launches-bid-california-governor-n1265064|access-date=April 30, 2021|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> The recall failed, and she only received 1% of the vote, finishing in 13th place among the candidates running to replace governor [[Gavin Newsom]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/election-results/california/governor-recall/ California governor recall election: Voters reject recall of Gavin Newsom]</ref>
 
A member of the [[Republican Party]], he ran as a replacement candidate in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Markay|first1=Lachlan|last2=Treene|first2=Alayna|last3=Swan|first3=Jonathan|date=April 23, 2021|title=Caitlyn Jenner files paperwork to run for governor of California|url=https://www.axios.com/caitlyn-jenner-california-governor-run-710153ef-7a89-460d-b9ec-9efed2a9399f.html|url-status=live|access-date=April 23, 2021|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Caitlyn Jenner Announces Run For California Governor|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/23/990230017/caitlyn-jenner-announces-run-for-california-governor|access-date=April 30, 2021|website=NPR|date=April 23, 2021|language=en|last1=Wamsley|first1=Laurel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Caitlyn Jenner launches bid for California governor|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/caitlyn-jenner-launches-bid-california-governor-n1265064|access-date=April 30, 2021|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> The recall failed, and she only received 1% of the vote, finishing in 13th place among the candidates running to replace governor [[Gavin Newsom]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/election-results/california/governor-recall/ California governor recall election: Voters reject recall of Gavin Newsom]</ref>
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Jenner attended Sleepy Hollow High School in [[Sleepy Hollow, New York]], for her freshman and sophomore years<ref name="school pals"/><ref name="return to tarrytown"/> and [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School]] in [[Newtown, Connecticut]], for her junior and senior years, graduating in 1968.<ref name="name taken off"/> Jenner earned a [[American football|football]] [[scholarship]] and attended Graceland College (now [[Graceland University]]) in [[Lamoni, Iowa]], but was forced to stop playing football because of a knee injury.<ref name="HolstPopp2004"/> Recognizing Jenner's potential, Graceland track coach [[L. D. Weldon]] encouraged Jenner to switch to the [[decathlon]].<ref name="champion within"/> Jenner debuted as a decathlete in 1970 in the [[Drake Relays]] decathlon in [[Des Moines, Iowa]], finishing in fifth place.<ref name="history of icons"/> Jenner graduated from Graceland College in 1973 with a degree in [[physical education]].<ref name="true"/>
 
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== Decathlon career ==
 
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{{hatnote|Jenner's Olympic events were men's events that occurred prior to Jenner's gender transition.}}
 
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=== Early career ===
 
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At the [[1972 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|1972 U.S. Olympic Trials]] at [[Hayward Field]] in [[Eugene, Oregon]], Jenner was eleventh after the first day in the men's decathlon,<ref name=bblide>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=waxVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6484%2C930291 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |last=Conrad |first=John |title=Bannister, Bennett lead in decathlon |date=July 4, 1972 |page=1B}}</ref> and climbed to fifth behind Steve Gough and Andrew Pettes with one event remaining on the [[Independence Day (United States)|Fourth of July]].<ref name=tjetwn>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wqxVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6435%2C1082606 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |last=Conrad |first=John |title=Two Jeffs expected to win, but who's Jenner? |date=July 5, 1972 |page=1B}}</ref> Needing to make up a 19-second gap on Gough in the [[1500 metres|1500 meters]], Jenner qualified for the [[United States at the 1972 Summer Olympics#Athletics|Olympic team]] by finishing first, 22 seconds ahead of the others. This prompted the ''[[Eugene Register-Guard]]'' to ask: "Who's Jenner?"<ref name="zarnowski 1992"/><ref name="usot"/><ref name=tjetwn/> Following the trials, Jenner was tenth in the [[Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|decathlon]] at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]] in [[Munich]], [[West Germany]].<ref name="munchen summer"/> By&nbsp;watching [[Soviet Union at the 1972 Summer Olympics#Athletics|Soviet]] [[Mykola Avilov]] win the event, Jenner was inspired to start an intense training regimen. "For the first time, I knew what I wanted out of life and that was it, and this guy has it. I literally started training that night at midnight, running through the streets of Munich, <!--West-->Germany, training for the Games. I trained that day on through the [[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|1976 Games]], 6–8 hours a day, every day, 365 days a year."<ref name="espnoly"/>
 
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After graduating from Graceland, Jenner married girlfriend Chrystie Crownover and moved to [[San Jose, California]]. Crownover provided most of the family income as a flight attendant for [[United Airlines]].<ref name="forgotten history"/> Jenner trained during the day and sold insurance at night, earning {{US$|9000|link=yes}} a year.<ref name="OK!"/><ref name="ABC42415"/> In the era before [[Amateur sports#Olympics|professional American athletes]] were allowed to compete in Olympic sports, this kind of training was unheard of. On the other hand, Soviet athletes were state sponsored, which gave them an advantage over amateur American athletes.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/russia-and-its-empires/tyler-benson/|title=The Role of Sports in The Soviet Union - Guided History|website=blogs.bu.edu}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00810A005600130009-0.pdf |title=Info |website=www.cia.gov }}</ref> During this period, Jenner trained at the [[San Jose City College]] (SJCC) and [[San Jose State University]] (SJSU) tracks.<ref name="speed"/><ref name="decathlon hopeful"/> San Jose athletics centered on SJCC coach [[Bert Bonanno]]; at that time, the city was a hotbed for training and was called the "Track Capital of the World".<ref name="ABC42415"/><!-- Note: slogan on Jenner's shirt at 4:47 in part II of the video --> Many other aspiring Olympic athletes also trained at San Jose; the list included [[Millard Hampton]], [[Andre Phillips]], [[John Powell (athlete)|John Powell]], [[Mac Wilkins]], and [[Al Feuerbach]].<ref name="speed"/><ref name="bj wins decathlon"/> Jenner's best events were on day two of the decathlon: hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin, and 1500 meters.<!-- the [[decathlon]], is a two day event with 5 events each day. The second day events: hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin, and 1500 meters are considered to need more skill and training. --><ref name="dmr"/><ref name="The Sports Book"/>
 
  
 
=== Olympic success ===
 
=== Olympic success ===
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[[File:Bruce Jenner discus PanAm 1975.jpg|thumb|Jenner at the 1975 Pan American Games]]
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Jenner was the American champion in the men's decathlon event in 1974.<ref name="1974 covers"/><ref name="USA TF HOF"/> While on tour in 1975, Jenner won the French national championship,<ref name="french championships"/> and a gold medal at the 1975 Pan American Games, setting the tournament record with 8,045 points.<ref name="true"/>  
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Jenner was the American champion in the men's decathlon event in 1974, and was featured on the cover of ''[[Track & Field News]]'' magazine's August 1974 issue.<ref name="1974 covers"/><ref name="USA TF HOF"/> While on tour in 1975, Jenner won the French national championship,<ref name="french championships"/> and a gold medal at the [[1975 Pan American Games]], setting the tournament record with 8,045 points.<ref name="true"/> This was followed by [[Decathlon world record progression|world records]] of 8,524 points at the U.S.A./U.S.S.R./Poland triangular meet in Eugene, Oregon, on August 9–10, 1975, breaking Avilov's record,<ref name=ghrecd>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ho4QAAAAIBAJ&pg=3986%2C2773900 |newspaper = Eugene Register-Guard |location = (Oregon) |last = Conrad |first = John |title = Jenner gets his record – handily |date = August 11, 1975 |page = 1C }}</ref> and 8,538 points at the [[1976 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|1976 Olympic trials]], also in Eugene.<ref name="usot"/><ref name=bohaend>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FaxVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6005%2C6967737 |newspaper = Eugene Register-Guard |location = (Oregon) |last = Conrad |first = John |title = Brigham's Olympian hopes at end |date = June 27, 1976 |page = 1C }}</ref> The second Eugene record was a hybrid score because of a [[fully automatic timing|timing system]] failure and it was [[wind assistance|wind aided]]. Still, Jenner was proud of "A nice little workout, huh?"
 
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<blockquote>We got what we wanted. We scared the hell out of everybody in the world only a month away from the Games.<ref>{{cite news|last=Litsky|first=Frank|date=June 27, 1976|title=Jenner Triumphs In Decathlon Trial|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/27/archives/jenner-triumphs-in-decathlon-trial-jenner-captures-decathlon.html|access-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref></blockquote>
 
  
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Of the 13 decathlons Jenner competed in between 1973 and 1976, the only loss was at the 1975 [[Amateur Athletic Union|AAU]] National Championships, when a [[pole vault#Modern vaulting|"no height"]] in the pole vault marred the score.<ref name="true"/>
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At the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Jenner achieved personal bests in all five events on the first day of the men's decathlon despite. Jenner was confident: "The second day has all my good events. If everything works out all right, we should be ahead after it's all over." Following a rainstorm on the second day, Jenner watched teammate Fred Dixon get injured in the [[110 meter hurdles]],<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.si.com/vault/1976/08/09/614923/bruce-caitlyn-jenner-1976-olympics-montreal-decathlon |title = Heading For The 11th Event |website = si.com |access-date = May 28, 2018 }}</ref> and so adopted a cautious approach to the hurdles and discus, then had personal bests in the pole vault, when Jenner took the lead, and javelin. At that point, victory was virtually assured, and it remained to be seen by how much Jenner would improve the record. In the final event—the 1500 meters, which was seen live on national television—Jenner looked content to finish the long competition. Jenner sprinted the last lap, making up a 50-meter deficit and nearly catching the event favorite, Soviet [[Leonid Litvinenko]], who was already well out of contention for the gold medal, and whose personal best had been eight seconds better than Jenner's personal best before the race. Jenner set a new personal best time and won the gold medal with a world-record score of 8,618 points.<ref name="dmr"/><ref name="usot"/><ref name="espnoly"/><ref name="athletics at the"/><ref name=lhpowgwm>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=26tVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6083%2C7613108 |newspaper = Eugene Register-Guard |location = (Oregon) |agency = wire services |title = Jenner's long haul pays off with gold and world mark |date = July 31, 1976 |page = 1B }}</ref>
  
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At the [[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Olympic Games]] in [[Montreal]], Jenner achieved personal bests in all five events on the first day of the men's [[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|decathlon]]{{snds}}a "home run"{{snds}}despite being in second place behind [[Guido Kratschmer]] of [[West Germany]]. Jenner was confident: "The second day has all my good events. If everything works out all right, we should be ahead after it's all over." Following a rainstorm on the second day, Jenner watched teammate [[Fred Dixon (athlete)|Fred Dixon]] get injured in the [[110 meter hurdles]],<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.si.com/vault/1976/08/09/614923/bruce-caitlyn-jenner-1976-olympics-montreal-decathlon |title = Heading For The 11th Event |website = si.com |access-date = May 28, 2018 }}</ref> and so adopted a cautious approach to the hurdles and discus, then had personal bests in the pole vault, when Jenner took the lead, and javelin.<ref name="javelin record"/><!-- Note: The javelin was a personal best for certain. It was called exceptional. I am trying to find a stat book that might confirm if it was a World Decathlon Best at the time. It's only 3 and a half meters less than the current WDB --> At that point, victory was virtually assured, and it remained to be seen by how much Jenner would improve the record. In the final event—the 1500 meters, which was seen live on national television—Jenner looked content to finish the long competition. Jenner sprinted the last lap, making up a 50-meter deficit and nearly catching the event favorite, Soviet [[Leonid Litvinenko]], who was already well out of contention for the gold medal, and whose personal best had been eight seconds better than Jenner's personal best before the race. Jenner set a new personal best time and won the gold medal with a world-record score of 8,618 points.<ref name="dmr"/><ref name="usot"/><ref name="espnoly"/><ref name="athletics at the"/><ref name=lhpowgwm>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=26tVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6083%2C7613108 |newspaper = Eugene Register-Guard |location = (Oregon) |agency = wire services |title = Jenner's long haul pays off with gold and world mark |date = July 31, 1976 |page = 1B }}</ref>
 
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'''Olympic world record performance''':<ref name="her achievements"/><br />
 
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{{Decathlon score|10.94 +0.0 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''819'''|7.22 +0.0 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''865'''|15.35 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''809'''|2.03 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''882'''|47.51 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''923'''|14.84<br />'''866'''|50.04<br />'''873'''|4.80 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''1005'''|68.52 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''862'''|4:12.61 '''{{AthAbbr|PB}}'''<br />'''714'''}}<!-- Still need to find a wind reading for hurdles -->
 
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=== Impact ===
 
 
After the event, Jenner took an American flag from a spectator and carried it during the victory lap, starting a tradition that is now common among winning athletes.<ref name="revisiting bruce"/><ref name="american sports"/> Abandoning vaulting poles in the stadium, with no intention of ever competing again, she stated that: "In 1972, I made the decision that I would go four years and totally dedicate myself to what I was doing, and then I would move on after it was over with. I went into that competition knowing that would be the last time I would ever do this."<ref name="espnoly"/> She explained, "It hurts every day when you practice hard. Plus, when this decathlon is over, I got the rest of my life to recuperate. Who cares how bad it hurts?"<ref name="dmr"/>
 
After the event, Jenner took an American flag from a spectator and carried it during the victory lap, starting a tradition that is now common among winning athletes.<ref name="revisiting bruce"/><ref name="american sports"/> Abandoning vaulting poles in the stadium, with no intention of ever competing again, she stated that: "In 1972, I made the decision that I would go four years and totally dedicate myself to what I was doing, and then I would move on after it was over with. I went into that competition knowing that would be the last time I would ever do this."<ref name="espnoly"/> She explained, "It hurts every day when you practice hard. Plus, when this decathlon is over, I got the rest of my life to recuperate. Who cares how bad it hurts?"<ref name="dmr"/>
  
 
Jenner became a national hero and received the [[James E. Sullivan Award]] as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Jenner was named the [[Associated Press]] Male Athlete of the Year in 1976.<ref name="giardina"/><ref name="HolstPopp2004"/>
 
Jenner became a national hero and received the [[James E. Sullivan Award]] as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Jenner was named the [[Associated Press]] Male Athlete of the Year in 1976.<ref name="giardina"/><ref name="HolstPopp2004"/>
  
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Jenner's 1976 world and [[List of Olympic records in athletics|Olympic record]] was broken by four points by [[Daley Thompson]] at the [[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|1980 Olympics]] in [[Moscow]]. In 1985, Jenner's Olympic decathlon score was reevaluated against the [[IAAF]]'s updated decathlon scoring table and was reported as 8,634 for comparative purposes. This converted mark stood as the American record until 1991, when it was surpassed by eventual gold medalist, and world record holder, [[Dan O'Brien]] of [[Dan & Dave]] fame.<ref name="dan o brien"/> {{As of|2018}}, Jenner was ranked twenty-sixth on the world all-time list and ninth on the American all-time list.<ref name="all time"/>
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Jenner's 1976 world and Olympic record was broken by four points by Daley Thompson at the 1980 Olympics in [[Moscow]]. In 1985, Jenner's Olympic decathlon score was reevaluated against the [[IAAF]]'s updated decathlon scoring table and was reported as 8,634 for comparative purposes. This converted mark stood as the American record until 1991, when it was surpassed by eventual gold medalist, and world record holder, [[Dan O'Brien]] of [[Dan & Dave]] fame.<ref name="dan o brien"/> {{As of|2018}}, Jenner was ranked twenty-sixth on the world all-time list and ninth on the American all-time list.<ref name="all time"/>
  
 
Jenner was inducted into the United States [[National Track and Field Hall of Fame]] in 1980, the Olympic Hall of Fame in 1986, the [[Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame]] and the Connecticut Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, and the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.<ref name="arturs irbe"/> For almost 20 years, [[San Jose City College]] hosted an annual Bruce Jenner Invitational competition.<ref name="jenner invitational"/><ref name="my connection"/><ref name="bud winter bio"/>
 
Jenner was inducted into the United States [[National Track and Field Hall of Fame]] in 1980, the Olympic Hall of Fame in 1986, the [[Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame]] and the Connecticut Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, and the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.<ref name="arturs irbe"/> For almost 20 years, [[San Jose City College]] hosted an annual Bruce Jenner Invitational competition.<ref name="jenner invitational"/><ref name="my connection"/><ref name="bud winter bio"/>
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=== International competitions ===
 
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{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes|nation=USA}}
 
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|-
 
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|1972
 
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|[[Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
 
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|[[Munich]], Germany
 
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|10th
 
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|[[Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]]
 
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|7722 pts
 
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|-
 
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|1975
 
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|[[Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games|Pan American Games]]
 
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|[[Mexico City]], Mexico
 
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|bgcolor=gold|1st
 
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|Decathlon
 
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|8045 pts {{AthAbbr|A}}
 
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|-
 
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|1976
 
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|[[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
 
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|[[Montreal]], Canada
 
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|bgcolor=gold|1st
 
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|[[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]]
 
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|8618 pts
 
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|}
 
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=== National events ===
 
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* [[1972 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|1972 United States Olympic Trials]]: {{bronze03}} (7846 pts)<ref name=TFS>[http://trackfield.brinkster.net/Profile.asp?ID=3021&Gender=M Bruce Jenner]. Track and Field Statistics. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</ref>
 
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* [[1973 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships]]: 5th (7617 pts)<ref name=TFS/>
 
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* [[1974 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships]]: {{gold01}} (8245 pts)<ref name=USCH>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/usa2.htm USA Championships (Men)]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</ref>
 
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* 1975 [[French Athletics Championships]]: {{gold01}} (8058 pts)<ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/fra.htm French Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</ref>
 
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* [[1976 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships]]: {{gold01}} (8542 pts)<ref name=USCH/>
 
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* [[1976 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|1976 United States Olympic Trials]]: {{gold01}} (8538 pts)<ref name=TFS/>
 
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=== Personal records ===
 
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''All information from IAAF''<ref>[https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/united-states/bruce-jenner-6121 Bruce Jenner]. IAAF. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</ref>
 
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* [[100 meters]] – 10.94 s (1976)
 
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* [[400 meters]] – 47.51 s (1976)
 
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* [[1500 meters]] – 4:12.61 min:sec (1976)
 
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* [[110 meters hurdles]] – 14.84 s (1976)
 
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* [[High jump]] – {{convert|2.03|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1976)
 
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* [[Pole vault]] – {{convert|4.80|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1976)
 
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* [[Long jump]] – {{convert|7.22|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1976)
 
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* [[Shot put]] – {{convert|15.35|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1976)
 
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* [[Discus throw]] – {{convert|50.04|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1976)
 
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* [[Javelin throw]] (old) - {{convert|68.52|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1976)
 
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* [[Decathlon]] – 8634 pts (1976)
 
  
 
== Post-Olympic career ==
 
== Post-Olympic career ==
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After the expected Olympic success, Jenner planned to cash in on whatever celebrity status could follow a gold medal in the same mold as [[Johnny Weissmuller]] and [[Sonja Henie]], who had become major movie stars following their gold medals. This would require forgoing any future Olympic competition. At the time, Jenner's agent George Wallach felt there was a four-year window{{snds}}until the next Olympics{{snds}}upon which to capitalize. Wallach reported that Jenner was being considered for the role of ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]'', which ultimately went to [[Christopher Reeve]]. "I really don't know how many offers we have", Wallach claimed. "There are still unopened telegrams back at the hotel and you just can't believe the offers that poured in during the first two days."<ref name="nydn"/>
 
After the expected Olympic success, Jenner planned to cash in on whatever celebrity status could follow a gold medal in the same mold as [[Johnny Weissmuller]] and [[Sonja Henie]], who had become major movie stars following their gold medals. This would require forgoing any future Olympic competition. At the time, Jenner's agent George Wallach felt there was a four-year window{{snds}}until the next Olympics{{snds}}upon which to capitalize. Wallach reported that Jenner was being considered for the role of ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]'', which ultimately went to [[Christopher Reeve]]. "I really don't know how many offers we have", Wallach claimed. "There are still unopened telegrams back at the hotel and you just can't believe the offers that poured in during the first two days."<ref name="nydn"/>
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Jenner appeared on the cover of the August 9, 1976, issue of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'',<ref name="August 9, 1976"/> the February 1979 issue of ''[[Gentleman's Quarterly]]'',<ref name="sexy 1979"/> and on the cover of ''Playgirl'' magazine.<ref name="formerly bruce"/> Jenner became a spokesperson for [[Tropicana Products|Tropicana]], [[Minolta]], and [[Caleres|Buster Brown shoes]].<ref name="espnoly"/> Jenner was also selected by the [[Sacramento Kings|Kansas City Kings]] with the 139th overall pick in the seventh round of the [[1977 NBA draft]] despite not having played basketball since high school.<ref>[http://www.prosportstransactions.com/basketball/DraftTrades/Years/1977.htm 1977 NBA Draft – Pro Sports Transactions.] Retrieved January 15, 2018</ref> The [[publicity stunt]] was executed by team president/general manager [[Joe Axelson]] to mock the [[Kansas City Chiefs]]' yearly claims that they planned on selecting "the best athlete available" in the [[National Football League Draft]]. Jenner was presented with a jersey customized with the number 8618, the Olympic-gold-medal-winning score, but would never appear as an active player with the Kings.<ref>David Axelson (August 25, 2015) [http://www.coronadonewsca.com/news/coronado_sports/the-true-story-of-bruce-jenner-s-brief-nba-career/article_66f24284-4b4e-11e5-a128-a3cade9cef14.html "The True Story of Bruce Jenner's Brief NBA Career"]. ''Eagle & Journal''.</ref>
 
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{{clear}}
 
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==== Wheaties spokesperson ====
 
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{{anchor|Wheaties}}
 
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[[File:Jenner on Wheaties cereal box.jpg|thumb|upright|Image of a throwback [[Wheaties]] cereal box featuring Jenner. The box reflects designs from the 1970s, when [[General Mills]] used Jenner for [[branding (promotional)|branding]] their breakfast cereal. A vintage box sold in 2015 on eBay for {{US$|400}}.<ref name="wheaties for hundreds"/><ref name="unopened box"/>]]
 
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In 1977, Jenner became a spokesperson for [[Wheaties]] brand breakfast cereal and appeared in a photograph on the cover of the cereal box. After taking over from Olympic champion [[Bob Richards]], Jenner was second in a succession of athletes featured as spokespersons for the brand. [[Mary Lou Retton]] succeeded Jenner in 1984.<ref name="the box"/>
 
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On November 22, 1977, Jenner went to San Francisco to refute charges filed by [[San Francisco District Attorney's Office|San Francisco district attorney]] Joseph Freitas that [[General Mills]]—the maker of Wheaties—had engaged in deceptive advertising in its campaign that featured Jenner. Jenner liked Wheaties and ate the breakfast cereal two or three times a week, which supported the advertising campaign's claims. Two days later, Freitas withdrew the suit, saying that it was "a case of overzealousness" on the part of his staff.<ref name="defend boc"/>
 
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When Jenner came out as a trans woman in 2015, General Mills stated that: "Bruce Jenner continues to be a respected member of Team Wheaties." After a negative response to this initial statement, Mike Siemienas, General Mills's brand media relations manager, clarified it by saying: "Bruce Jenner has been a respected member of Team Wheaties, and Caitlyn Jenner will continue to be."<ref name="strange response"/>
 
  
 
=== Television and film career ===
 
=== Television and film career ===
 
Jenner began television appearances in the mid-1970s, both as herself and in character roles. One of Jenner's first recurring television roles was as a co-host of the short-lived daytime talk and variety series ''[[America Alive!]]'' in 1978. The comedy ''[[Can't Stop the Music]]'' (1980) was Jenner's first film appearance. She starred in the made-for-TV movies ''The Golden Moment: An Olympic Love Story''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.hollywood.com/tv/the-golden-moment-an-olympic-love-story-59449211/ |title = The Golden Moment – An Olympic Love Story |website = Hollywood.com |publisher = Hollywood.com, LLC. |access-date = March 23, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170323233844/http://www.hollywood.com/tv/the-golden-moment-an-olympic-love-story-59449211/ |archive-date = March 23, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> (1980) and ''[[Grambling's White Tiger]]'' (1981).<ref name="white tiger"/> During the 1981–1982 season, Jenner became a semi-regular cast member in the police series ''[[CHiPs]]'', guest-starring as Officer Steve McLeish for six episodes, substituting for star [[Erik Estrada]], who was locked in a contract dispute with [[NBC]] and [[MGM]].<ref name="KindelanEffron"/> Jenner also appeared in an episode of the sitcom ''[[Silver Spoons]]'' called "Trouble with Words", wherein her personal issues with dyslexia were revealed in a storyline about a recurring teenage character with the same problem.
 
Jenner began television appearances in the mid-1970s, both as herself and in character roles. One of Jenner's first recurring television roles was as a co-host of the short-lived daytime talk and variety series ''[[America Alive!]]'' in 1978. The comedy ''[[Can't Stop the Music]]'' (1980) was Jenner's first film appearance. She starred in the made-for-TV movies ''The Golden Moment: An Olympic Love Story''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.hollywood.com/tv/the-golden-moment-an-olympic-love-story-59449211/ |title = The Golden Moment – An Olympic Love Story |website = Hollywood.com |publisher = Hollywood.com, LLC. |access-date = March 23, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170323233844/http://www.hollywood.com/tv/the-golden-moment-an-olympic-love-story-59449211/ |archive-date = March 23, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> (1980) and ''[[Grambling's White Tiger]]'' (1981).<ref name="white tiger"/> During the 1981–1982 season, Jenner became a semi-regular cast member in the police series ''[[CHiPs]]'', guest-starring as Officer Steve McLeish for six episodes, substituting for star [[Erik Estrada]], who was locked in a contract dispute with [[NBC]] and [[MGM]].<ref name="KindelanEffron"/> Jenner also appeared in an episode of the sitcom ''[[Silver Spoons]]'' called "Trouble with Words", wherein her personal issues with dyslexia were revealed in a storyline about a recurring teenage character with the same problem.
  
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Jenner appeared in the series ''[[Learn to Read]]''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.tv.com/shows/learn-to-read/cast/ |title = Learn to Read |website = tv.com |publisher = CBS Interactive Inc. |access-date = March 23, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170324083722/http://www.tv.com/shows/learn-to-read/cast/ |archive-date = March 24, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> and in the video games ''[[Olympic Decathlon]]''<ref name="gamefaqs 1996"/> (1981) and ''[[Bruce Jenner's World Class Decathlon]]'' (1996).<ref name="gamefaqs"/> The "hero shot", the finish of the final event of the 1976 Olympic decathlon, and the Wheaties cover, were parodied by [[John Belushi]] on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', endorsing "Little Chocolate Donuts".<ref name="snl season 3"/> In 1989, Jenner played herself in the comedy short ''[[Dirty Tennis]]'' written by [[James Van Patten]].<ref name="dirty tennis"/>
 
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[[File:Bruce Jenner 1996.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Jenner in 1996]]
 
 
Jenner has appeared in a variety of [[game show]]s and [[reality television]] programs, including starring with [[Grits Gresham]] in an episode of ''[[The American Sportsman]]''.<ref name="cj bio"/> In the early 1990s, Jenner was the host of an [[infomercial]] for a stair-climbing exercise machine called the Stair Climber Plus.<ref name="super step"/>
 
Jenner has appeared in a variety of [[game show]]s and [[reality television]] programs, including starring with [[Grits Gresham]] in an episode of ''[[The American Sportsman]]''.<ref name="cj bio"/> In the early 1990s, Jenner was the host of an [[infomercial]] for a stair-climbing exercise machine called the Stair Climber Plus.<ref name="super step"/>
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In January 2002, Jenner participated in an episode of the American series ''[[Weakest Link (U.S. game show)|The Weakest Link]]'', featuring Olympic athletes.<ref name="weakest link"/> In February and March 2003, Jenner was part of the cast of the American series ''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (American TV series)|I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]]''.<ref name="get me out"/> She made a cameo appearance in a season-three episode of ''[[The Apprentice (U.S. season 3)|The Apprentice]]'', which aired in May 2005.<ref name="the apprentice"/> She also partnered with [[Tai Babilonia]] for ''[[Skating with Celebrities]]''<ref name="skating"/> in a series that aired January{{snds}}March 2006 (they were eliminated during the fifth of seven episodes), served as a guest judge on ''[[Pet Star]]'' on [[Animal Planet]].<ref name="pet star"/> In November 2010, a photograph of Jenner was shown in a janitor's resume in an episode of ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]''.<ref name="always sunny"/>
 
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Additional television and talk show appearances by Jenner include: [[Nickelodeon]]'s [[made-for-TV]] film ''[[Gym Teacher: The Movie]]''<ref name="gym teacher"/> as well as episodes of ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'',<ref name="awesome timing"/> the ''[[Lingo (U.S. game show)|Lingo]]'' Olympic Winners episode,<ref name="dyslexic olympian"/> and talk shows such as ''[[Hannity]]''<ref name="tinseltown conservatives"/> and season{{nbsp}}1, episode{{nbsp}}21 of ''[[The Bonnie Hunt Show]]'' in 2008.<ref name="bhs season 1"/>
 
  
 
Since late 2007, Jenner has starred in the [[E!]] reality series ''[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]'' along with wife [[Kris Jenner]], stepchildren Kourtney, Kimberley, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian (from Kris's marriage to attorney [[Robert Kardashian]]), and daughters Kylie and Kendall.<ref name="jenner split"/>
 
Since late 2007, Jenner has starred in the [[E!]] reality series ''[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]'' along with wife [[Kris Jenner]], stepchildren Kourtney, Kimberley, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian (from Kris's marriage to attorney [[Robert Kardashian]]), and daughters Kylie and Kendall.<ref name="jenner split"/>
  
 
In 2011, Jenner appeared in the [[Adam Sandler]] comedy ''[[Jack and Jill (2011 film)|Jack and Jill]]'' in a scene with [[Al Pacino]] as an actor in a play.<ref name="jack and jill"/> Like ''Can't Stop the Music'', the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture and swept every Razzie category.<ref name="new razzie"/>
 
In 2011, Jenner appeared in the [[Adam Sandler]] comedy ''[[Jack and Jill (2011 film)|Jack and Jill]]'' in a scene with [[Al Pacino]] as an actor in a play.<ref name="jack and jill"/> Like ''Can't Stop the Music'', the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture and swept every Razzie category.<ref name="new razzie"/>
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In September 2016, Jenner appeared as herself on the Amazon Prime TV series ''[[Transparent (TV series)|Transparent]]'' in a dream sequence during the season three episode "To Sardines and Back".<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.vulture.com/2016/09/transparent-recap-season-3-episode-3.html |title = Transparent Recap: We Need to Talk About Nacho |last = VanArendonk |first = Kathryn |date = September 23, 2016 |work = Vulture |access-date = December 15, 2017 |language = en }}</ref>
 
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In November 2019, it was announced that Jenner would be participating in the [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 19)|nineteenth season]] of the British version of ''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series)|I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]]'' after having previously appeared on the American iteration in 2003. Jenner ultimately placed sixth in the competition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/g29763909/im-a-celebrity-2019-cast-gallery/|title=I'm a Celebrity cast confirmed as Caitlyn Jenner, Ian Wright and more join|last=Harp|first=Justin|date=November 11, 2019|website=[[Digital Spy]]|language=en|access-date=November 11, 2019}}</ref>
 
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In 2021, Jenner appeared as a contestant on the [[The Masked Singer (American season 5)|fifth season]] of ''[[The Masked Singer (American TV series)|The Masked Singer]]'' as the "Phoenix". She was the second contestant to be unmasked and the first of Group B. In addition, she also holds the distinction as the show's first transgender contestant.<ref>{{Cite web|title='The Masked Singer' recap: Phoenix falls to reveal trailblazing star|url=https://ew.com/tv/recaps/masked-singer-season-5-episode-2/|access-date=March 18, 2021|website=EW.com|language=en}}</ref>
 
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As of November 2021, Jenner is currently starring in the Australian version of ''[[Big_Brother_VIP_(Australian_TV_series)|Big Brother VIP]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Watch Big Brother VIP Online'|url=https://7plus.com.au/big-brother-vip|access-date=November 3, 2021|website=7plus.com|language=en}}</ref>
 
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=== Motorsports career ===
 
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Jenner had a short career as a race car driver in the [[IMSA GT Championship|IMSA Camel GT series]] ([[International Motor Sports Association]]) in the 1980s.<ref name="Nelson p612 2013"/> Jenner's first victory came in the [[1986 IMSA GT Championship season|1986]] [[12 hours of Sebring]] in the IMSA GTO class driving the [[7-Eleven]] [[Roush Racing]] [[Ford Mustang]] with co-driver [[Scott Pruett]]. The pair won their class and finished 4th overall in the 12-hour endurance race. 1986 was also the most successful year of Jenner's career, finishing second in the championship to Pruett.<ref name="scott pruett"/><ref name="imsa"/> Jenner commented, "I was a lot more badass runner than I was a driver."<ref name="yahoo"/>
 
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Jenner also competed in the [[Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race]] at the [[Grand Prix of Long Beach]], winning in 1979 and 1982. The former win came after holding off [[Al Unser]], while the latter saw Jenner pass [[Ted Nugent]] with two laps remaining.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64346046/|title=Jenner beats Unser in celebrity race|agency=[[Associated Press|AP]]|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=April 8, 1979|access-date=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ruzicka|first1=Jim|last2=Kennicott|first2=Jim|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64346175/|title=Sick of winter? Try a weekend in Long Beach|newspaper=The Newspaper|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=April 8, 1982|access-date=November 30, 2020}}</ref> In 1980, Jenner was contacted by [[NASCAR Winston Cup Series]] team [[DiGard Motorsports]] about driving the No. 88 car for the 1981 season; although Jenner expressed interest, [[Ricky Rudd]] was ultimately hired for the seat.<ref>{{cite news|last=Woody|first=Larry|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64346333/|title=Waltrip Caught In A Stalemate|newspaper=[[The Tennessean]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=October 9, 1980|access-date=November 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Woody|first=Larry|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64346731/|title=Waltrip, DiGard Bid Official Farewell|newspaper=[[The Tennessean]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=November 2, 1980|access-date=November 30, 2020}}</ref>
 
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=== Business ===
 
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Jenner had licensed her previous name for ''Bruce Jenner's Westwood Centers for Nautilus & Aerobics'' in the early 1980s to David A. Cirotto, president of other local Nautilus & Aerobics Centers. She had no ownership in the licensed name centers,<ref name="OK!"/> which were solely owned by Cirotto.<ref name="health club suit"/> Jenner's company, Bruce Jenner Aviation, sells aircraft supplies to executives and corporations.<ref name="OK!"/> Jenner was the business development vice president for a staffing industry software application known as JennerNet, which was based on Lotus Domino technology.<ref name="san rafael"/>
 
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In March 2016, Jenner announced that she had been chosen as the face of [[H&M]] Sport.<ref>{{cite web |author = Ana Colon |url = http://www.refinery29.com/2016/03/105752/cailtyn-jenner-hm-sport-campaign-teaser |title = Caitlyn Jenner HM Sport Campaign First Look |publisher = Refinery29.com |date = March 11, 2016 |access-date = July 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160719041907/http://www.refinery29.com/2016/03/105752/cailtyn-jenner-hm-sport-campaign-teaser |archive-date = July 19, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Later that year, H&M created a six-minute film featuring Jenner, called ''Caitlyn Jenner's Greatest Victories: A Timeline''.<ref>{{cite web |author = Alexandra Ilyashov |url = http://www.refinery29.com/2016/07/117375/caitlyn-jenner-video-hm-olympics-collection-2016 |title = Caitlyn Jenner HM Video – Olympic Athletes Collection |publisher = Refinery29.com |access-date = July 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160723085213/http://www.refinery29.com/2016/07/117375/caitlyn-jenner-video-hm-olympics-collection-2016 |archive-date = July 23, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>
 
  
 
== Personal life ==
 
== Personal life ==
Line 161: Line 55:
  
 
On April 21, 1991, Jenner married [[Kris Jenner|Kris Kardashian]] ({{nee}} Houghton) after five months of dating.<ref name="j-k" /> They have two daughters, [[Kendall Jenner|Kendall]] and [[Kylie Jenner|Kylie]]. While married, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's children from her previous marriage{{snds}}[[Kourtney Kardashian|Kourtney]], [[Kim Kardashian|Kim]], [[Khloé Kardashian|Khloé]] and [[Rob Kardashian|Robert]]{{snds}}who star in ''Keeping Up with the Kardashians''. The couple separated in June 2013, but the separation was not publicly announced until four months later, in October.<ref name="much happier" /><ref name="always love" /><ref name="divorce filings" /> Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing [[irreconcilable differences]].<ref name="11 months" /> Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, as mandated by a state legal requirement for a six-months delay after the filing.<ref name="divorce finalized" />
 
On April 21, 1991, Jenner married [[Kris Jenner|Kris Kardashian]] ({{nee}} Houghton) after five months of dating.<ref name="j-k" /> They have two daughters, [[Kendall Jenner|Kendall]] and [[Kylie Jenner|Kylie]]. While married, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's children from her previous marriage{{snds}}[[Kourtney Kardashian|Kourtney]], [[Kim Kardashian|Kim]], [[Khloé Kardashian|Khloé]] and [[Rob Kardashian|Robert]]{{snds}}who star in ''Keeping Up with the Kardashians''. The couple separated in June 2013, but the separation was not publicly announced until four months later, in October.<ref name="much happier" /><ref name="always love" /><ref name="divorce filings" /> Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing [[irreconcilable differences]].<ref name="11 months" /> Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, as mandated by a state legal requirement for a six-months delay after the filing.<ref name="divorce finalized" />
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=== Fatal car collision ===
 
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<!-- [[Kim Howe]] redirects here. -->
 
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In February 2015, Jenner was involved in a fatal multiple-vehicle collision on the [[California State Route 1|Pacific Coast Highway]] in [[Malibu, California]]. Kim Howe, an [[animal rights activist]] and actress, was killed when Jenner's [[SUV]] ran into Howe's car. Accounts of the sequence of collisions have varied, as have the number of people injured.<ref name="6 refs" />
 
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Prosecutors declined to file criminal charges, but three civil lawsuits were filed against Jenner by Howe's stepchildren and drivers of other cars involved in the collision.<ref name="4 refs" /><ref name="KABC" /> Jessica Steindorff, a Hollywood agent who was hit by Howe's car, settled her case in December 2015. Howe's stepchildren settled their case in January 2016.<ref name="settles lawsuit" /> Financial details were not disclosed in either case.<ref name="settles fatal crash" />
 
  
 
== Gender transition ==
 
== Gender transition ==
Line 173: Line 61:
 
[[File:VanityFairJuly2015.jpg|thumb|upright|''The Washington Post'' commented that Jenner's debut ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' cover, shot by [[Annie Leibovitz]], had special significance for its subject: "After all the magazine covers that featured the former athlete, once lauded as the 'world's greatest athlete,' the Leibovitz photograph will be the most meaningful. Looking directly at the camera, Jenner is finally herself for the first time publicly."<ref name="world's greatest athlete"/><ref name="capehart 2015"/>]]
 
[[File:VanityFairJuly2015.jpg|thumb|upright|''The Washington Post'' commented that Jenner's debut ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' cover, shot by [[Annie Leibovitz]], had special significance for its subject: "After all the magazine covers that featured the former athlete, once lauded as the 'world's greatest athlete,' the Leibovitz photograph will be the most meaningful. Looking directly at the camera, Jenner is finally herself for the first time publicly."<ref name="world's greatest athlete"/><ref name="capehart 2015"/>]]
  
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In a ''[[20/20 (U.S. TV series)|20/20]]'' interview with [[Diane Sawyer]] in April 2015, Jenner [[came out]] as a [[trans woman]], saying that she had dealt with [[gender dysphoria]] since her youth and that, "for all intents and purposes, I'm a woman." Jenner [[cross-dressing|cross-dressed]] for many years and took [[hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female)|hormone replacement therapy]] but stopped after her romance with [[Kris Jenner|Kris Kardashian]] became more serious, leading to marriage in 1991.<ref name="DooleyDawson"/><ref name="trans2"/><ref name="EstherLee"/> Jenner recounts having permission to explore her gender identity on her own travels but not when they were coupled, and that not knowing the best way to talk about the many issues contributed to the deterioration of the 23-year-long marriage, which ended formally in 2015.<ref name="EstherLee"/>
+
In a ''20/20'' interview with Diane Sawyer in April 2015, Jenner came out as a trans "woman", saying that he had dealt with gender dysphoria since his youth and that, "for all intents and purposes, I'm a woman." Jenner cross-dressed for many years and took hormone replacement therapy but stopped after his romance with Kris Kardashian became more serious, leading to their marriage in 1991.<ref name="DooleyDawson"/><ref name="trans2"/><ref name="EstherLee"/> Jenner recounts having permission to explore his gender identity on her own travels but not when they were coupled, and that not knowing the best way to talk about the many issues contributed to the deterioration of the 23-year-long marriage, which ended formally in 2015.<ref name="EstherLee"/>
  
 
In 2015, Jenner said that she has never been sexually attracted to men, but always to women, and that, keeping in mind the difficulty people have understanding the difference between [[sexual orientation]] and [[gender identity]], she would identify as [[Asexuality|asexual]] for the time being.<ref name="Yahr"/><ref name="celebrities reacted"/> Jenner underwent cosmetic surgery, and ultimately completed [[Sex reassignment surgery (male-to-female)|sex reassignment surgery]] in January 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/caitlyn-jenner-reflects-life-changed-transitioning-woman/story?id=46861647 |title = Caitlyn Jenner reflects on how life has changed since transitioning |work=ABC News |date = April 21, 2017 |access-date = April 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170429231514/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/caitlyn-jenner-reflects-life-changed-transitioning-woman/story?id=46861647 |archive-date = April 29, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>
 
In 2015, Jenner said that she has never been sexually attracted to men, but always to women, and that, keeping in mind the difficulty people have understanding the difference between [[sexual orientation]] and [[gender identity]], she would identify as [[Asexuality|asexual]] for the time being.<ref name="Yahr"/><ref name="celebrities reacted"/> Jenner underwent cosmetic surgery, and ultimately completed [[Sex reassignment surgery (male-to-female)|sex reassignment surgery]] in January 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/caitlyn-jenner-reflects-life-changed-transitioning-woman/story?id=46861647 |title = Caitlyn Jenner reflects on how life has changed since transitioning |work=ABC News |date = April 21, 2017 |access-date = April 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170429231514/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/caitlyn-jenner-reflects-life-changed-transitioning-woman/story?id=46861647 |archive-date = April 29, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Revision as of 21:35, December 19, 2021

Bruce "Caitlyn" Jenner
Born October 28th, 1949 (Age 76)
Mount Kisco, New York
Political Party Republican
Spouse Chrystie Crownover (1972-1981)​, Linda Thompson ​(1981-1986)​, Kris Kardashian (1991-2015)

William Bruce "Caitlyn Marie" Jenner (born October 28, 1949) is an American male-to-female transgender media personality, Olympic gold-winning athlete[1], actor, reality show star, and a former Republican candidate in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election[2].

Jenner has six children with three successive wives — Chrystie Crownover, Linda Thompson, and Kris Jenner - and from 2007 to 2021, appeared on reality show Keeping Up with the Kardashians with daughters Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner, and Kris's other children Kourtney Kardashian, Kim Kardashian, and Khloé Kardashian.

Jenner publicly came out as a trans "woman" in April 2015, announcing his new name in July.[3] From 2015 to 2016, he starred in the reality television series I Am Cait, which focused on his gender transition. He has been called the most famous transgender person in the world.[4][5]

A member of the Republican Party, he ran as a replacement candidate in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election.[6][7][8] The recall failed, and she only received 1% of the vote, finishing in 13th place among the candidates running to replace governor Gavin Newsom.[9]

Olympic success

Jenner was the American champion in the men's decathlon event in 1974.[10][11] While on tour in 1975, Jenner won the French national championship,[12] and a gold medal at the 1975 Pan American Games, setting the tournament record with 8,045 points.[13]

At the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Jenner achieved personal bests in all five events on the first day of the men's decathlon despite. Jenner was confident: "The second day has all my good events. If everything works out all right, we should be ahead after it's all over." Following a rainstorm on the second day, Jenner watched teammate Fred Dixon get injured in the 110 meter hurdles,[14] and so adopted a cautious approach to the hurdles and discus, then had personal bests in the pole vault, when Jenner took the lead, and javelin. At that point, victory was virtually assured, and it remained to be seen by how much Jenner would improve the record. In the final event—the 1500 meters, which was seen live on national television—Jenner looked content to finish the long competition. Jenner sprinted the last lap, making up a 50-meter deficit and nearly catching the event favorite, Soviet Leonid Litvinenko, who was already well out of contention for the gold medal, and whose personal best had been eight seconds better than Jenner's personal best before the race. Jenner set a new personal best time and won the gold medal with a world-record score of 8,618 points.[15][16][17][18][19]

After the event, Jenner took an American flag from a spectator and carried it during the victory lap, starting a tradition that is now common among winning athletes.[20][21] Abandoning vaulting poles in the stadium, with no intention of ever competing again, she stated that: "In 1972, I made the decision that I would go four years and totally dedicate myself to what I was doing, and then I would move on after it was over with. I went into that competition knowing that would be the last time I would ever do this."[17] She explained, "It hurts every day when you practice hard. Plus, when this decathlon is over, I got the rest of my life to recuperate. Who cares how bad it hurts?"[15]

Jenner became a national hero and received the James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Jenner was named the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year in 1976.[22][23]

Jenner's 1976 world and Olympic record was broken by four points by Daley Thompson at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. In 1985, Jenner's Olympic decathlon score was reevaluated against the IAAF's updated decathlon scoring table and was reported as 8,634 for comparative purposes. This converted mark stood as the American record until 1991, when it was surpassed by eventual gold medalist, and world record holder, Dan O'Brien of Dan & Dave fame.[24] Template:As of, Jenner was ranked twenty-sixth on the world all-time list and ninth on the American all-time list.[25]

Jenner was inducted into the United States National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1980, the Olympic Hall of Fame in 1986, the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame and the Connecticut Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, and the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.[26] For almost 20 years, San Jose City College hosted an annual Bruce Jenner Invitational competition.[27][28][29]

Post-Olympic career

Capitalizing on Olympic fame

File:Bruce Jenner greets Gerald Ford and William Tolbert in 1976 (cropped).jpg
Jenner (right) greets Liberian president William Tolbert at the White House on September 21, 1976, as United States President Gerald Ford looks on

In the 1970s, Olympic athletes were considered to be amateurs and were not allowed to seek or accept payment for their positions as sports celebrities. During the Cold War in 1972, three major Olympic titles that had a long history of American successTemplate:Sndsbasketball, the 100 meter dash, and [[Athletics at the 1972 Summer OlympicsTemplate:SndsMen's decathlon|decathlon]]Template:Sndswere won by Soviet athletes. All Soviet athletes were professionals, while the United States was limited to amateurs.[30][31][32] Jenner became an American hero by returning the decathlon title to the United States. "After the Games were over," Jenner said, "I happened to be the right guy, at that right place, at that right time."[17] Tony Kornheiser of The New York Times wrote that along with wife, Chrystie, Jenner was "so high up on the pedestal of American heroism, it would take a crane to get them down."[15][33][34]

After the expected Olympic success, Jenner planned to cash in on whatever celebrity status could follow a gold medal in the same mold as Johnny Weissmuller and Sonja Henie, who had become major movie stars following their gold medals. This would require forgoing any future Olympic competition. At the time, Jenner's agent George Wallach felt there was a four-year windowTemplate:Sndsuntil the next OlympicsTemplate:Sndsupon which to capitalize. Wallach reported that Jenner was being considered for the role of Superman, which ultimately went to Christopher Reeve. "I really don't know how many offers we have", Wallach claimed. "There are still unopened telegrams back at the hotel and you just can't believe the offers that poured in during the first two days."[35]

Television and film career

Jenner began television appearances in the mid-1970s, both as herself and in character roles. One of Jenner's first recurring television roles was as a co-host of the short-lived daytime talk and variety series America Alive! in 1978. The comedy Can't Stop the Music (1980) was Jenner's first film appearance. She starred in the made-for-TV movies The Golden Moment: An Olympic Love Story[36] (1980) and Grambling's White Tiger (1981).[37] During the 1981–1982 season, Jenner became a semi-regular cast member in the police series CHiPs, guest-starring as Officer Steve McLeish for six episodes, substituting for star Erik Estrada, who was locked in a contract dispute with NBC and MGM.[38] Jenner also appeared in an episode of the sitcom Silver Spoons called "Trouble with Words", wherein her personal issues with dyslexia were revealed in a storyline about a recurring teenage character with the same problem.

Jenner has appeared in a variety of game shows and reality television programs, including starring with Grits Gresham in an episode of The American Sportsman.[39] In the early 1990s, Jenner was the host of an infomercial for a stair-climbing exercise machine called the Stair Climber Plus.[40]

Since late 2007, Jenner has starred in the E! reality series Keeping Up with the Kardashians along with wife Kris Jenner, stepchildren Kourtney, Kimberley, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian (from Kris's marriage to attorney Robert Kardashian), and daughters Kylie and Kendall.[41]

In 2011, Jenner appeared in the Adam Sandler comedy Jack and Jill in a scene with Al Pacino as an actor in a play.[42] Like Can't Stop the Music, the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture and swept every Razzie category.[43]

Personal life

Marriages

Prior to her public gender transition, Jenner had been married three times, first to Chrystie Scott (Template:Nee Crownover) from 1972 to 1981. They have two children, son Burt and daughter Cassandra "Casey" Marino (Template:Nee Jenner).[44][45] Jenner and Scott's divorce was finalized the first week of January 1981.[46]

On January 5, 1981, Jenner married actress Linda Thompson in Hawaii.[47] They have two sons together, Brandon and Brody.[48] By February 1986, Jenner and Thompson had separated and subsequently divorced.[49] Their sons later starred on the reality show The Princes of Malibu,[50] and Brody appeared in the reality show The Hills.[51]

On April 21, 1991, Jenner married Kris Kardashian (Template:Nee Houghton) after five months of dating.[52] They have two daughters, Kendall and Kylie. While married, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's children from her previous marriageTemplate:SndsKourtney, Kim, Khloé and RobertTemplate:Sndswho star in Keeping Up with the Kardashians. The couple separated in June 2013, but the separation was not publicly announced until four months later, in October.[53][54][55] Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing irreconcilable differences.[56] Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, as mandated by a state legal requirement for a six-months delay after the filing.[57]

Gender transition

Coming out as a transgender woman

File:VanityFairJuly2015.jpg
The Washington Post commented that Jenner's debut Vanity Fair cover, shot by Annie Leibovitz, had special significance for its subject: "After all the magazine covers that featured the former athlete, once lauded as the 'world's greatest athlete,' the Leibovitz photograph will be the most meaningful. Looking directly at the camera, Jenner is finally herself for the first time publicly."[58][59]

In a 20/20 interview with Diane Sawyer in April 2015, Jenner came out as a trans "woman", saying that he had dealt with gender dysphoria since his youth and that, "for all intents and purposes, I'm a woman." Jenner cross-dressed for many years and took hormone replacement therapy but stopped after his romance with Kris Kardashian became more serious, leading to their marriage in 1991.[60][61][62] Jenner recounts having permission to explore his gender identity on her own travels but not when they were coupled, and that not knowing the best way to talk about the many issues contributed to the deterioration of the 23-year-long marriage, which ended formally in 2015.[62]

In 2015, Jenner said that she has never been sexually attracted to men, but always to women, and that, keeping in mind the difficulty people have understanding the difference between sexual orientation and gender identity, she would identify as asexual for the time being.[63][64] Jenner underwent cosmetic surgery, and ultimately completed sex reassignment surgery in January 2017.[65]

Media attention

In June 2015, Jenner debuted her new name and image, and began publicly using feminine pronoun self-descriptors.[66] Jenner held a renaming ceremony in July 2015, adopting the name Caitlyn Marie Jenner.[67][68] Prior to her 20/20 interview, a two-part special titled Keeping Up with the Kardashians: About Bruce was filmed with the family in which she answered questions, and prepared her children for the personal and public aspects of the transition. In the special, which aired in May 2015, the point was emphasized that there is no one right way to transition. Jenner made it a priority to ensure that all her children were independent first before focusing on her transition.[69] In September 2015, her name was legally changed to Caitlyn Marie Jenner and gender to female.[70]

Jenner's announcement that she is transgender came at an unprecedented time for trans visibility, including legislative initiatives.[71][72] The 20/20 interview had 20.7 million viewers, making it television's "highest-ever rated newsmagazine telecast among adults 18Template:Ndash49 and adults 25Template:Ndash54".[73] The Daily Beast wrote that Jenner's honesty, vulnerability, and fame may have caused "cheap jokes" about trans people to "seem mean to a mainstream audience on an unprecedented scale".[74] Noting the shift in how comedians treated Jenner's transition, The Daily Beast saw the change as the same evolution that took place in acceptance of LGBT people as a whole when "comedians finally cross the critical threshold from mockery to creativity in their joke-telling".[74]

Jenner's emerging gender identity was revealed in a Vanity Fair interview written by Buzz Bissinger. Annie Leibovitz photographed the cover, the magazine's first to feature an openly transgender woman, which was captioned "Call me Caitlyn".[75][76] Using her Twitter handle, @Caitlyn_Jenner, she tweeted: "I'm so happy after such a long struggle to be living my true self. Welcome to the world Caitlyn. Can't wait for you to get to know her/me." Time magazine declared this tweet the tenth most re-tweeted tweet of 2015, based on re-tweets of tweets by verified users from January 1 to November 10 of that year.[77] Jenner amassed over one million Twitter followers in four hours and three minutes, setting a new Guinness World Record and surpassing United States President Barack Obama, who, a month before, accomplished the same feat in four hours and fifty-two minutes.[78][79] Four days later Jenner was up to 2.37 million followers, with another 1.5 million followers on Instagram.[80]

Jenner was also mocked. Beginning in September 2015, she was depicted on the satirical American animated program South Park, which parodied her supporters' political correctness, as well as her driving record. The Jenner-related episodes were "Stunning and Brave", "Where My Country Gone?", "Sponsored Content", "Truth and Advertising" and "PC Principal Final Justice" from the show's 19th season.[81][82]

In April 2016 during the Republican presidential primaries, Jenner became an exemplar for candidate Donald Trump's opposition to North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, with Trump saying that Jenner could use any restroom of her choosing at his Trump Tower property. Jenner soon posted a video showing that she had taken Trump up on his offer. She thanked Trump and assured Trump's adversary Ted Cruz that "nobody got molested".[83][84]

In June 2016, Jenner was one of several celebrities depicted using synthetic nude "sleeping" bodies for the video of Kanye West's song "Famous".[85] Later that month, an episode of Epic Rap Battles of History was released featuring Jenner, as Bruce (portrayed by Peter Shukoff) and then Caitlyn (portrayed by transgender rapper Jolie "NoShame" Drake), rap battling against Bruce Banner (portrayed by Lloyd Ahlquist) then The Hulk (portrayed by Mike O'Hearn).

Reception

General

In August 2015, Jenner won the Social Media Queen award at the Teen Choice Awards.[86] In October 2015, Glamour magazine named her one of its 25 Glamour Women of the Year, calling her a "Trans Champion."[87] In November 2015, Jenner was listed as one of Entertainment WeeklyTemplate:'s 2015 Entertainers of the Year.[88] In December 2015, she was named Barbara Walters' Most Fascinating Person of 2015.[89] Also in that month, she was listed on Time magazine's eight-person shortlist for the 2015 Person of the Year,[90] and Bing released its list of the year's "Most Searched Celebrities", which Jenner was at the top of, and declared Jenner's Vanity Fair cover the second in a list of "top celeb moments of 2015."[91][92] She was the second most searched for person on Google in 2015.[93] In April 2016, she was listed in the Time 100.[94] In June 2016, Jenner became the first openly transgender person to be featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated. The cover and associated story marked the 40th anniversary of her winning the 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon.[95][96]

Feminist author Germaine Greer called Glamour magazine's decision to award Jenner with a "Woman of the Year" award misogynistic, questioning whether a transgender woman could be better than "someone who is just born a woman."[97] Jenner also received criticism from individuals such as actress Rose McGowan, for statingTemplate:Sndsin a BuzzFeed interview[98]Template:Snds that the hardest part about being a woman "is figuring out what to wear". McGowan argued: "We are more than deciding what to wear. We are more than the stereotypes foisted upon us by people like you. You're a woman now? Well fucking learn that we have had a VERY different experience than your life of male privilege." McGowan later stated that she was not transphobic, and added: "Disliking something a trans person has said is no different than disliking something a man has said or that a woman has said. Being trans doesn't make one immune from criticism."[99][100]

Chris Mandle of The Independent stated: "Jenner has gone on to inspire countless men and women, but her comments, which were made after she was celebrated at Glamour magazine's Women Of The Year in New York were branded 'offensive and insulting'." He added: "People began tweeting the other, harder things women have to deal with, such as institutionalized oppression, abuse and sexual assault".[101] James Smith, husband of Moira Smith, the only female New York Police Department officer to die on September 11, 2001, returned Moira's "Woman of the Year" award, given posthumously. Referring to Jenner as a man, he stated that he found Glamour giving Jenner the same award insulting to Moira's memory, and referred to the matter as a publicity stunt.[102][103] Smith later said that, having supported transgender youth and GlamourTemplate:'s decision to honor transgender actress Laverne Cox in 2014, he did not object because Jenner is transgender; he objected to Jenner's "hardest part about being a woman" commentary; this proved to him that Jenner "is not truly a woman. I believe this comment and others he has made trivializes the transgender experience as I have witnessed it."[104]

Conversely, Adrienne Tam of The Daily Telegraph argued that Jenner deserved the Glamour award, stating: "What McGowan failed to take into consideration was the jesting manner in which Jenner spoke." Tam said:

“{{{1}}}”

~ {{{2}}}

Tam considered McGowan's criticism to be over the top, and stated of James Smith's criticism, "The salient point here is one about courage. We easily recognise physical courage such as saving orphans from burning buildings, or ordinary people putting their lives in the line of fire. It is far harder to recognise mental courage." She added: "Without a doubt, the police officer who died in the September 11 attacks was courageous. But so is Jenner. It's a different kind of courage, but it is courage nonetheless."[105]

LGBT community

Since coming out as a trans woman in 2015, Jenner has been called the most famous openly transgender woman in the world.[3][4][5] She is also one of the most recognized LGBT people in the world and arguably the most famous LGBT athlete.[106] Jenner said that her visibility was partly to bring attention to gender dysphoria, violence against trans women, and other transgender issues.[107] She also sought to promote more informed discussion of LGBT issues.[107] She signed with Creative Artists Agency's speakers department and will collaborate with the CAA Foundation on a philanthropic strategy focusing on LGBT issues.[108] She made a private appearance at the Los Angeles LGBT Center in June 2015, where she spoke with trans youth.[109]

Jenner received the Arthur Ashe Courage Award during the 2015 ESPY Awards in July 2015. ESPN executive producer Maura Mandt said Jenner was given the award because "she has shown the courage to embrace a truth that had been hidden for years, and to embark on a journey that may not only give comfort to those facing similar circumstances, but can also help to educate people on the challenges that the transgender community faces."[110] She is the third consecutive openly LGBT person to receive the award following footballer Michael Sam (2014) and anchorwoman Robin Roberts (2013).[111]

In October, Jenner presented the Point Foundation's Horizon Award to television producers Rhys Ernst (of the show Transparent) and Zach Zyskowski (of the show Becoming Us).[112][113] This was her second public speaking engagement after her gender transition.[113]

In November, Jenner was listed as one of the nine runners-up for The AdvocateTemplate:'s Person of the Year.[114] That month she was also listed as one of the Out100 of 2015, with Out calling her the "Newsmaker of the Year."[115] On International Human Rights Day, Jenner discussed transgender rights with Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.[116] In 2016, Jenner was on the cover of The AdvocateTemplate:'s February/March issue.[117]

MAC Cosmetics collaborated with Jenner on a lipstick, called Finally Free, which was made available for purchase April 8, 2016, with MAC stating, "100% of the selling price goes to the MAC AIDS Fund Transgender Initiative, to further its work in support of transgender communities."[118][119] Also in April 2016, Jenner was listed as No.Template:Nbsp8 on Out magazine's Power 50 list.[120][121] In May 2016, her interview with Diane Sawyer in 2015 won Outstanding TV JournalismTemplate:SndsNewsmagazine at the GLAAD Media Awards.[122]

In 2021, Jenner's decision to run for governor of California was met with pushback from many LGBT activists and trans people, with activists criticizing Jenner for her views on transgender issues and support for the Republican Party.[123][124] Katelyn Burns of Vox said "Jenner's politics and controversial existence as a self-professed trans advocate has long put trans Americans in a double bind, forcing them to defend her from transphobic attacks while deploring her political views."[124] This decision became even more controversial following Jenner's opposition to trans girls in girls' sports, with some advocates saying that Jenner "did not represent the broader LGBT community".[125]

Show and memoir

Jenner's gender transition is the subject of I Am Cait, initially an eight-part TV documentary series, which premiered on E! in July 2015 to an audience of 2.7 million viewers.[126][127][128] Jenner is an executive producer of the show.[129] The show focuses on Jenner's transition and how it affects her relationships with her family and friends. The show also explores how Jenner adjusts to what she sees as her job as a role model for the transgender community.[130][131] In October 2015, the show was renewed for a second season, which premiered on March 6, 2016.[132] The show tied for Outstanding Reality Program at the GLAAD Media Awards in 2016.[133][134]

Jenner's memoir, The Secrets of My Life, was published on April 25, 2017.[135]


Politics

Jenner is a RINO, describing himself as socially liberal and fiscally conservative. Jenner initially supported Ted Cruz in the 2016 Republican primaries. He claims to have voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election, yet records show otherwise[136]. Despite saying on his reality show, I Am Cait, that he preferred Trump to Hillary Clinton, during his Presidency, Jenner constantly attacked Trump. Jenner claims to support border wall construction, but is liberal on amnesty.[137] Jenner also claims he is a self-described "compassionate disrupter" fighting against "elitist" career politicians.

See also

References

  1. ↑ https://www.eonline.com/news/846140/caitlyn-jenner-on-faith-the-kardashians-and-running-for-office-5-highlights-from-her-book-talk
  2. ↑ https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/caitlyn-jenner-announced-plans-run-california-governor
  3. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pilkington
  4. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Transgender reality
  5. ↑ Caitlyn Jenner files paperwork to run for governor of California (en) (April 23, 2021).
  6. ↑ "Caitlyn Jenner Announces Run For California Governor", April 23, 2021. (en) 
  7. ↑ Caitlyn Jenner launches bid for California governor (en).
  8. ↑ California governor recall election: Voters reject recall of Gavin Newsom
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 1974 covers
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named USA TF HOF
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named french championships
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named true
  13. ↑ Heading For The 11th Event.
  14. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named dmr
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  16. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named espnoly
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named athletics at the
  18. ↑ "Jenner's long haul pays off with gold and world mark", July 31, 1976, p. 1B. 
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  35. ↑ The Golden Moment – An Olympic Love Story. Hollywood.com, LLC..
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  53. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named always love
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  55. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 11 months
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  64. ↑ Caitlyn Jenner reflects on how life has changed since transitioning. ABC News (April 21, 2017).
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  79. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named graydon carter
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  82. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cudgel
  83. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named trump tower
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  86. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named trans champion
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  89. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named time poty 2015
  90. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bing top 2015
  91. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bing most 2015
  92. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named google 10 most
  93. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named wayne maines
  94. ↑ French, Megan. "Caitlyn Jenner poses for Sports Illustrated", June 28, 2016. 
  95. ↑ Mic (February 18, 2016). Caitlyn Jenner's 'Sports Illustrated' Cover Just Hit Newsstands | Mic. M.mic.com.[Dead link]
  96. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named wanted limelight
  97. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named most proud
  98. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hetter
  99. ↑ Ennis, Dawn (November 18, 2015). Rose McGowan to Caitlyn Jenner: 'We Are More than Deciding What to Wear'. The Advocate.
  100. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mandle
  101. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named heros husband
  102. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named returns award
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  104. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tam
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  106. ↑ 107.0 107.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FordMatt
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  109. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named arthur ashe
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  111. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cleavage
  112. ↑ 113.0 113.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named suntimes1
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  114. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named out100
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  122. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AP.Crary
  123. ↑ 124.0 124.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Vox.Burns
  124. ↑ Caitlyn Jenner says transgender girls in women's sports is 'unfair' (en).
  125. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named docu-series 1st promo
  126. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named docu-series hits
  127. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named heaps of praise
  128. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named joe otterson
  129. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named docu-series promo
  130. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named the new normal
  131. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  132. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jazz jennings
  133. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named demi lovato
  134. ↑ Caitlyn Jenner (April 27, 2017). The Secrets of My Life. Orion. ISBN 978-1-4091-7395-3. 
  135. ↑ https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2021/04/21/caitlyn-jenner-has-infrequently-voted-now-she-might-run-for-office-1376788
  136. ↑ https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2021/05/09/caitlyn-jenner-backs-amnesty-illegal-aliens-absolutely/
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