Difference between revisions of "Gospel of Luke"

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The '''Gospel of Luke''' is the 3rd book in the [[New Testament]] coming after the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and before the [[Gospel of John]]. It tells the story of the life of Jesus, being written to [[Theophilus]].  Luke does not claim to be an eyewitness, but instead one who has "carefully investigated everything from the beginning" (Luke 1:3) and now wants to "write an orderly account" so that Theophilus would "know the certainty of the things" he had been taught. (Luke 1:3-4)
+
[[File:Luke by roslin.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|A niniature of Saint Luke by the Armenian manuscript illuminator Toros Roslin, 13th century.]]
 +
The '''Gospel of Luke''' has been called "the most [[Aesthetics|beautiful]] book ever written" due to the excellence of its [[writing]], the [[genius]] of its author [[Luke]] in masterfully using several [[Literature|literary]] techniques, and the carefulness and reliability of [[Luke]] as a physician.<ref>''See, e.g.'', [[NRSV]] Study Bible at 1502.</ref><ref>[https://deeperriches.com/themes-more-luke/ Themes and More in Luke]</ref><ref>[https://enterthebible.org/courses/luke/lessons/theological-themes-in-luke#:~:text=Social%20Reversal,societies'%20ways%20of%20determining%20value. Theological Themes in Luke]</ref> It is the first [[history|historian]]'s account of the life of [[Jesus Christ]], as written in flawless, elegant [[Greek]].<ref>The Gospel of Luke is the finest [[Greek]] among [[the Gospels]], while the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] is the finest Greek in all of literature.</ref><ref>[https://deeperriches.com/themes-more-luke/ Themes and More in Luke]</ref> [[Luke]] "carefully investigated everything from the beginning" ({{bible ref|Luke|1|3}}), wanting to "write an orderly account" so that the recipient [[Theophilus]] (the entire world, as this name means "loved by [[God]]") would "know the certainty of the things" he had been taught. (Luke 1:3-4)
  
−
The Gospel of Luke was written in flawless [[Greek]] and has been called "the most beautiful book ever written."<ref>See, e.g., [[NRSV]] Study Bible at 1502.</ref> Only this Gospel tells the parables of the [[Good Samaritan]] and the [[Prodigal Son]], and Luke recounts them with exquisi<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
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The author Luke was a [[Gentile]], as confirmed by [[Paul]] at [[Colossians]] 4:11, 14.  The Gospel of Luke is the 3rd and longest [[the Gospel|Gospel]] (indeed, the longest book in the entire [[New Testament]]), placed after [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and before the [[Gospel of John]]. [[Papyrus 4]] and [[Papyrus 75]] are two early surviving scrolls of this Gospel. Luke implies the existence of [[Gospels]] before his in {{bibleref|Luke|1|1-3}}: "Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the things that have been accomplished among us ...."
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[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
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{|
 
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$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
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[[Theology|Theological]] themes of the Gospel of Luke are: Jesus Christ is the promised [[Messiah]] King of the [[Old Testament]]; Jesus as the [[Son of God]] and Son of Man; Jesus' reliance on God and his frequent [[prayer]]; the [[kingdom of God]] is for the [[Humility|humble]], the [[repentance|repentant]] [[sin]]ner, the poor, the outcast, and the outsider; [[God]]'s [[salvation]]; the Jewish Messiah is not only for the [[Jew]]s, but for the Gentiles as well; the role of the [[Holy Spirit]] in connection to Jesus’ coming and his public ministry; the Messiah King was rejected by the ones He came to save and [[Christian persecution|Christians must be willing to suffer persecution]] and rejection as they follow the example of Christ; and the [[ascension of Christ]].<ref>[https://deeperriches.com/themes-more-luke/ Themes and More in Luke]</ref><ref>[https://enterthebible.org/courses/luke/lessons/theological-themes-in-luke#:~:text=Social%20Reversal,societies'%20ways%20of%20determining%20value. Theological Themes in Luke]</ref>
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$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
  
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$db = Zend_Db::factory(
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Unique to the Gospel of Luke are:
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    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
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    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
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$db->query($sql);
 
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Database schema to reproduce:
 
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=================================
 
  
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CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
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*The beautiful, [[emotion]]-inducing [[parable]]s of the [[Prodigal Son|prodigal son]], the [[Good Samaritan|good Samaritan]], and the rich man and Lazarus ({{bible ref|Luke|16|19-31}});
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
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*The most controversial [[parable]] in the [[Bible]]: the [[Parable of the Dishonest Manager]], {{bibleref|Luke|16|1-13}}, and the parable of the fig tree;
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
+
*The encounter with disciples on the [[road to Emmaus]], whose "eyes were kept from recognizing him";<ref>Luke 24:13-35.</ref>
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
+
*The comparison trap highlighted by the Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector, {{bible ref|Luke|18|9-14}};
 +
*The promise of [[paradise]] to one crucified alongside Jesus;
 +
*This Gospel and the [[Gospel of John]] praise the [[Samaritan]]s the most;
 +
*Details about the lineage and birth of Jesus; and
 +
*"From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and to whom they entrusted much, of him they will ask all the more." - {{bibleref|Luke|12|48|version=NASB}};
 +
*More [[parable]]s than any other [[Gospel]], including 18 unique parables as taught by [[Jesus]]; and
 +
*Luke's special emphasis on the availability of the full [[forgiveness]] of our sins.
  
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$db = Zend_Db::factory(
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The witnesses to Jesus on the [[road to Emmaus]] were not any of [[the Apostles]] or [[Mark]], and thus only the historian (Luke) could describe that encounter.
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
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=================================
 
  
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CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
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Luke was probably inspired by the [[Epistles to the Hebrews]], which is perhaps the best-written Greek work in all of history, and which some of Luke's writings (especially parts of the [[Acts of the Apostles]]) appear to imitate in style and word choice.  Luke is considered one of the [[synoptic gospels]], and Luke is generally considered to have borrowed from Mark as one of his sources, as did Matthew.  It is unknown if Matthew or Luke borrowed from each other or which came first; some material is common to Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark.
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
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$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
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CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
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`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
 
−
</font>
 
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|}
 
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</div>
 
−
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's  London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists.  Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear.  It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique.  Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
 
−
==Security==
 
−
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals.  Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S. 
 
−
 
 
−
==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
 
−
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>  or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> 
 
−
 
 
−
==References==
 
−
<references/>
 
−
[[Category:Terrorism]]
 
−
[[Category:Crimes]]
 
−
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
 
−
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
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</div>
 
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<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
 
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[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
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</div>
 
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{|
 
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| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
 
−
| def
 
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| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
 
−
 
 
−
$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
 
−
</font>
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
−
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's  London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists.  Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear.  It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique.  Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
 
−
==Security==
 
−
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals.  Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S. 
 
−
 
 
−
==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
 
−
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>  or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> 
 
−
 
 
−
==References==
 
−
<references/>
 
−
[[Category:Terrorism]]
 
−
[[Category:Crimes]]
 
−
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
 
−
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
−
</div>
 
−
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
 
−
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
−
</div>
 
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{|
 
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| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
 
−
| def
 
−
| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
 
−
 
 
−
$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
 
−
</font>
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
−
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's  London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists.  Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear.  It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique.  Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
 
−
==Security==
 
−
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals.  Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S. 
 
−
 
 
−
==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
 
−
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>  or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> 
 
−
 
 
−
==References==
 
−
<references/>
 
−
[[Category:Terrorism]]
 
−
[[Category:Crimes]]
 
−
<div style="position:fixed;left:0px;top:0px;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:9999999999999999999999999;">
 
−
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
−
</div>
 
−
<div style="position:fixed; left:0px;top:1000px;">
 
−
[[File:Question-Evolution-Campaign.jpg]]
 
−
</div>
 
−
{|
 
−
| style="background: red; color: white" | abc
 
−
| def
 
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| bgolor="red" | <font color="white">
 
−
 
 
−
$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;$val = str_repeat('x', 359);
 
−
$sql = "INSERT INTO `test` (`test`) VALUES ('$val')";
 
−
 
 
−
$db = Zend_Db::factory(
 
−
    'Pdo_Mysql',
 
−
    array('host' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'dbname' => 'testdb')
 
−
);
 
−
$db->getConnection();
 
−
$db->query($sql);
 
−
Database schema to reproduce:
 
−
=================================
 
−
 
 
−
CREATE TABLE `testdb`.`test` (
 
−
`test` TEXT NOT NULL
 
−
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
 
−
</font>
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
−
'''Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab''' is a [[Muslim]] terrorist from [[Nigeria]], acting on orders from [[Al Qaeda]] to blow up a commercial American airliner on Christmas Day 2009. Abdulmutallab flew on Northwest Flight 253 bound for Detroit, <ref>[http://newsmax.com/Newsfront/US-New-Terror-Threat/2009/12/26/id/344659 Failed Xmas Attack Raises New Security Concerns, NewsMax, December 26, 2009]</ref> tried and failed to detonate a explosive device before being taken into custody. He was an engineering student at the UK's  London's University College. <ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,581180,00.html Suspect Charged in Thwarted Terror Plot Aboard Detroit-Bound Jet, Fox News, December 26, 2009]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
He used [[PETN]], a powerful plastic explosive. A few ounces can blast open an airplane, so it is the preferred weapon of terrorists.  Abdulmutallab tried to ignite a two-part concoction of PETN and possibly a glycol-based liquid explosive in a bomb concealed in his underwear.  It produced a popping noise, smoke, and some fire, but no deadly detonation, because he used the wrong technique.  Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen quickly took the credit
 
−
==Security==
 
−
The episode was a catastrophic breach of security. He boarded in Nigeria, where security is notoriously lax, and changed planes in Amsterdam, where security officials are not allowed to use its full-body scanners because of privacy concerns. He paid for an expensive international flight in cash, and had no luggage--well known danger signals.  Worse, his father, a leading banker in Nigeria, had met with U.S. State Department and CIA officials a month before the bombing attempt to warn them his son had become radicalized, but they took no action and allowed the terrorist to keep his permanent visa permitting unrestricted entry into the U.S. 
 
−
 
 
−
==[[Mainstream media| Lamestream Media]]==
 
−
As usual, protecting the image of [[Islamic extremist]]s is a job for the liberal media. They are united in distorting, minimizing, watering-down the event by omitting the word "Terrorist" <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/12/25/ali-velshi-stops-rep-king-naming-northwest-airlines-terrorist Ali Velshi Stops Rep. King From Naming Northwest Airlines Terrorist, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>  or "Muslim" from their reporting. <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2009/12/26/flight-253-ap-scrubs-m-word-potential-relevance-nigerian-taliban-suspect Flight 253: AP Scrubs 'M-Word,' Potential Relevance of 'Nigerian Taliban,' Suspect's Reference to Afghanistan, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref> <ref>[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/mark-finkelstein/2009/12/26/guess-missing-word-ny-times-report-attempted-plane-bombing Guess The Missing Word In NY Times Report On Attempted Plane Bombing, NewsBusters.org, December 26, 2009]</ref>  
 
−
 
 
−
==References==
 
−
<references/>
 
−
[[Category:Terrorism]]
 
−
[[Category:Crimes]]
 
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te, emotional detail.  Only the Gospel of Luke recounts with literary skill the meeting of the risen [[Lord]] with the two men walking on their way to Emmaus, whose "eyes were kept from recognizing him."<ref>Luke 24:13-35.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Luke is considered one of the [[Synoptic Gospels]] and Luke is generally considered to have borrowed from Mark as one of his sources as did Matthew.  It is unknown if Matthew or Luke borrowed from each other or which came first.
 
  
 
==Authorship==
 
==Authorship==
 
[[Image:Gospel of Luke in Arab.gif|thumb|This tenth-century Egyptian codex was donated to Pope Eugenius IV by the Coptic delegates at the Council of Ferrara-Florence. Translated from a Coptic original, it is one of the earliest Arabic versions of any part of the New Testament, none of which can be dated before the late eighth or ninth centuries.]]
 
[[Image:Gospel of Luke in Arab.gif|thumb|This tenth-century Egyptian codex was donated to Pope Eugenius IV by the Coptic delegates at the Council of Ferrara-Florence. Translated from a Coptic original, it is one of the earliest Arabic versions of any part of the New Testament, none of which can be dated before the late eighth or ninth centuries.]]
−
'''The Gospel of Luke''' does not name its author, but as a companion volume to the [[book of Acts]], it can be inferred by the use of "we" when describing part of Paul's journeys that the author traveled with Paul and [[Luke]], the doctor, becomes the most likely candidate.  The extremely sophisticated Greek of Luke also argues for a man who was very educated as does his attention to detail and the medical language in use matches that of other ancient Greek doctors.  The ancient church father [[Irenaeus]] ascribed the work to Luke as does the [[Muratorian Canon]].  It is also mentioned by [[Clemente of Alexandria]].
+
'''The Gospel of Luke''' does not name its author, but as a companion volume to the [[book of Acts]], it can be inferred by the use of "we" when describing part of the [[Saint Paul|Apostle Paul]]'s journeys that the author traveled with [[Paul]] and [[Luke]]; the doctor becomes the most likely candidate.  The extremely sophisticated Greek of Luke also argues for a man who was very educated, as does his attention to detail, and the medical language in use matches that of other ancient Greek doctors.  The ancient church father [[Irenaeus]] ascribed the work to Luke, as does the Muratorian Canon.  It is also mentioned by Clemente of Alexandria.
  
 
==Place of Writing==
 
==Place of Writing==
−
Based on the descriptions of places in Palestine, it is generally assumed that the reader was unfamiliar with that land.  It's not known where Luke was written, but it is assumed it is outside of [[Palestine]] and to an audience that is non-Jewish.
+
Based on the descriptions of places in [[Palestine]], it is generally assumed that the reader was unfamiliar with that land.  It is not known where Luke was written, but it is assumed to be outside Palestine and addressed to an audience that is non-Jewish.
  
 
==Date==
 
==Date==
−
Luke is generally believed to have been written in the 70's or 80's, but it is also possible it was written in the late 50's or early 60's based upon the abrupt ending in Acts.  The thinking goes why wouldn't Luke have continued the history in Acts if he had written it later? And why wouldn't he have mentioned the [[martyr|martyrdom]] of [[Paul]]?
+
The Gospel of Luke is generally believed to have been written in the A.D. 70s or 80s, but it is also possible it was written in the late 50s or early 60s based upon the abrupt ending in Acts.  [[Columbia University]] researchers estimate a date of authorship of A.D. 85 (plus or minus five or ten years), when Roman Emperor [[Domitian]] reigned.<ref>https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/node/1754#:~:text=The%20Gospel%20According%20to%20Luke,middle%20of%20the%20third%20century.</ref>
 +
 
 +
The arguments for an earlier date include the following:
 +
*Why wouldn't Luke have continued the history in Acts if he had written it later?
 +
*Why wouldn't he have mentioned the [[martyr]]dom of [[Paul]]?
 +
*Why is there no mention of the fall of [[Jerusalem]] (which took place in 70 A.D.)?
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
Line 299: Line 42:
 
*[[Gospel of Luke (Translated)]]
 
*[[Gospel of Luke (Translated)]]
  
−
{{New Testament Books}}
+
== External links ==
 +
 
 +
*[https://www.biblestudytools.com/esv/luke/ Gospel of Luke], BibleStudyTools.com
 +
*[https://bibleproject.com/guides/book-of-luke/ The Book of Luke], Bible Project
 +
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Gospel-of-Luke.html Summary of the Gospel of Luke], [[Got Questions Ministries]]
 +
*[https://chatgpt.com/share/694427c2-1f6c-8003-97bc-4b20f3a551b5 Summary of Gospel of Luke: Conservative theological perspective]
 +
*[https://claude.ai/share/14d16116-23e9-4f79-926c-3a9a0c8f802d Summary of the Gospel of Luke: From a theologically conservative perspective]
 +
 
 +
Videos:
 +
 
 +
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGrI3aUXiITsEB1EN7aPT_Ho Gospel of Luke - video playlist], Video playlist
 +
 
 +
Movies:
 +
 
 +
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_ZhL5TqEBE FULL MOVIE: The Gospel of Luke]
 +
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYHBhaC9VMU&t=832s Jesus Film according to Luke's Gospel - English HD]
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
  
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 +
[[Category:New Testament]]
 
[[Category:New Testament Books| nt3]]
 
[[Category:New Testament Books| nt3]]
 
[[Category:Gospels| nt3]]
 
[[Category:Gospels| nt3]]
 +
{{New Testament Books}}

Latest revision as of 00:30, October 1, 2026

A niniature of Saint Luke by the Armenian manuscript illuminator Toros Roslin, 13th century.

The Gospel of Luke has been called "the most beautiful book ever written" due to the excellence of its writing, the genius of its author Luke in masterfully using several literary techniques, and the carefulness and reliability of Luke as a physician.[1][2][3] It is the first historian's account of the life of Jesus Christ, as written in flawless, elegant Greek.[4][5] Luke "carefully investigated everything from the beginning" (Luke 1:3 ), wanting to "write an orderly account" so that the recipient Theophilus (the entire world, as this name means "loved by God") would "know the certainty of the things" he had been taught. (Luke 1:3-4)

The author Luke was a Gentile, as confirmed by Paul at Colossians 4:11, 14. The Gospel of Luke is the 3rd and longest Gospel (indeed, the longest book in the entire New Testament), placed after Matthew and Mark and before the Gospel of John. Papyrus 4 and Papyrus 75 are two early surviving scrolls of this Gospel. Luke implies the existence of Gospels before his in Luke 1:1-3 : "Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the things that have been accomplished among us ...."

Theological themes of the Gospel of Luke are: Jesus Christ is the promised Messiah King of the Old Testament; Jesus as the Son of God and Son of Man; Jesus' reliance on God and his frequent prayer; the kingdom of God is for the humble, the repentant sinner, the poor, the outcast, and the outsider; God's salvation; the Jewish Messiah is not only for the Jews, but for the Gentiles as well; the role of the Holy Spirit in connection to Jesus’ coming and his public ministry; the Messiah King was rejected by the ones He came to save and Christians must be willing to suffer persecution and rejection as they follow the example of Christ; and the ascension of Christ.[6][7]

Unique to the Gospel of Luke are:

The witnesses to Jesus on the road to Emmaus were not any of the Apostles or Mark, and thus only the historian (Luke) could describe that encounter.

Luke was probably inspired by the Epistles to the Hebrews, which is perhaps the best-written Greek work in all of history, and which some of Luke's writings (especially parts of the Acts of the Apostles) appear to imitate in style and word choice. Luke is considered one of the synoptic gospels, and Luke is generally considered to have borrowed from Mark as one of his sources, as did Matthew. It is unknown if Matthew or Luke borrowed from each other or which came first; some material is common to Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark.

Authorship

This tenth-century Egyptian codex was donated to Pope Eugenius IV by the Coptic delegates at the Council of Ferrara-Florence. Translated from a Coptic original, it is one of the earliest Arabic versions of any part of the New Testament, none of which can be dated before the late eighth or ninth centuries.

The Gospel of Luke does not name its author, but as a companion volume to the book of Acts, it can be inferred by the use of "we" when describing part of the Apostle Paul's journeys that the author traveled with Paul and Luke; the doctor becomes the most likely candidate. The extremely sophisticated Greek of Luke also argues for a man who was very educated, as does his attention to detail, and the medical language in use matches that of other ancient Greek doctors. The ancient church father Irenaeus ascribed the work to Luke, as does the Muratorian Canon. It is also mentioned by Clemente of Alexandria.

Place of Writing

Based on the descriptions of places in Palestine, it is generally assumed that the reader was unfamiliar with that land. It is not known where Luke was written, but it is assumed to be outside Palestine and addressed to an audience that is non-Jewish.

Date

The Gospel of Luke is generally believed to have been written in the A.D. 70s or 80s, but it is also possible it was written in the late 50s or early 60s based upon the abrupt ending in Acts. Columbia University researchers estimate a date of authorship of A.D. 85 (plus or minus five or ten years), when Roman Emperor Domitian reigned.[9]

The arguments for an earlier date include the following:

  • Why wouldn't Luke have continued the history in Acts if he had written it later?
  • Why wouldn't he have mentioned the martyrdom of Paul?
  • Why is there no mention of the fall of Jerusalem (which took place in 70 A.D.)?

See also

External links

Videos:

Movies:

References

  1. ↑ See, e.g., NRSV Study Bible at 1502.
  2. ↑ Themes and More in Luke
  3. ↑ Theological Themes in Luke
  4. ↑ The Gospel of Luke is the finest Greek among the Gospels, while the Epistle to the Hebrews is the finest Greek in all of literature.
  5. ↑ Themes and More in Luke
  6. ↑ Themes and More in Luke
  7. ↑ Theological Themes in Luke
  8. ↑ Luke 24:13-35.
  9. ↑ https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/node/1754#:~:text=The%20Gospel%20According%20to%20Luke,middle%20of%20the%20third%20century.
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