Oliphant v. Suquamish Tribe

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In Oliphant v. Suquamish Tribe, 435 U.S. 191, 212 (1978), the U.S. Supreme Court held that, except as provided by Congress, tribes lack criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians. This ruling was reinforced by the 1990 ruling, Duro v. Reina.

In 1991, Congress amended the Indian Self Governance section of the Indian Civil Rights Act to state that Indians have the right to prosecute anyone who commits a crime on that tribe's territory, regardless of Tribal Affiliation.