2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
Cause
The 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict was the result of the killing of three Israeli soldiers and kidnapping of two others by a Lebanese Hezbollah paramilitary militia. A failed rescue attempt resulted in the deaths of five more Israeli troops. Shortly after, Israel began an ultimately unsuccesful aerial bombing campaign against Hezbollah. Israel then set up naval blockades, and launched a ground invasion of southern Lebanon.
Impact on civillians
Israeli retaliation at the death of eight soldiers ultimetly caused the deaths of up to 2,000 Lebanese citizens (this number is highly contested: many deaths appear to have been accidental recounts of the bodies), the wounding of over 4,000, and the displacement of 200,000. Israeli civillian losses were at 43.
References
1. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mftoc.html