Difference between revisions of "Global warming"

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The '''global warming''' warming issue is a political battle over the science of climate change.
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In the general, the term ''global warming'' can be used for any upward trend in the [[global mean temperature]], but it is mostly used to refer to the 1° F warming since 1850.
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The two sides are divided on whether this warming is a benevolent and natural recovery from the [[Little Ice Age]] or a man-made "[[climate crisis]]" (see also [[runaway greenhouse effect]]).
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Liberals and conservatives in the U.S. are evenly split on the issue: 75% of [[Democrats]] believe that the science supports the [[anthropogenic global warming]] theory, while only 23% of [[Republicans]] believe the science supports it.
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As we learn more about climate, the "settled" conclusions of global-warming [[alarmist]]s appear more ridiculous.
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==The modern warm period==
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Average [[Earth]] surface air temperature has risen about 1° F since 1850.
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<ref>Hansen's group at the Goddard Institute wrote, "Global warming is now 0.6&nbsp;°C [1.0&nbsp;°F] in the past three decades and 0.8&nbsp;°C [1.4&nbsp;°F] in the past century." http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/</ref> How much of this is due to contamination of the temperature record from the [[urban heat island]] effect is hard to assess. Spurious warming trends that might be considered as global warming can occur almost anywhere. [http://climatesci.colorado.edu/2006/01/29/do-urban-areas-have-larger-long-term-temperature-trends-than-other-locations/feed/]
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Controversy has persisted over the influence of urban warming on reported large-scale surface-air temperature trends. [http://climatesci.colorado.edu/2006/01/29/do-urban-areas-have-larger-long-term-temperature-trends-than-other-locations/feed/]
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According to temperature reconstruction made within an [[Old Earth]] paradigm, there have been many cycles of naturally-caused global warming and cooling over many millions of years (see [[climate cycles]]). Some scientists, including [[Richard Lindzen]] of [[MIT]], [[Sallie Baliunas]] of [[Harvard]] and [[Fred Singer]] (independent), say that the recent warming could be part of another natural cycle or random fluctuations in the atmosphere. However, a lot scientists also think that human activities were most likely the cause of the the planet's recent warming.
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A [[United Nations]] panel ([[IPCC]]) asserts that most of the warming since around 1850 is human-caused. Liberals call this panel "authoritative". Conservatives question its objectivity, and a handful of scientists have resigned from the panel in protest over unauthorized changes in scientific reports.
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In February, 2007, the politicized [[IPCC|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]], whose members were appointed by their governments, released their fourth assessment report on climate change. That report concluded that most of recent global warming was "very likely" caused by human activity<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6321351.stm</ref>. It says that increases in atmospheric concentrations of [[greenhouse gas]]es cause warming. Several members of this panel later complained their contributions were misrepresented in the final report.
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===IPCC controversy===
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A reporter for the ''Chicago Tribune'' called the IPCC "the top body of climate change scientists in the world". <ref>http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0704280477apr29,1,4275902.story?coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed</ref>
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Fred Singer and other scientists dispute this view. <!-- I need to supply some quotes from Singer and Lindzen. The IPCC is not just scientists, in fact not even mostly climatologists. It supports a pre-ordained conclusion. It ignores contrary data. -->
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==False claims of "consensus"==
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[[Richard Lindzen]] wrote in 1992,
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:Indeed, a recent Gallup poll of climate scientists in the American Meteorological Society and in the American Geophysical Union shows that a vast majority doubts that there has been any identifiable man-caused warming to date (49 percent asserted no, 33 percent did not know, 18 percent thought some has occurred; however, among those actively involved in research and publishing frequently in peer-reviewed research journals, none believes that any man-caused global warming has been identified so far). [http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv15n2/reg15n2g.html]
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==The Hockey Stick Temperature Reconstruction==
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[[Image:Hockey stick chart ipcc.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The flawed Hockey Stick graph in a 2001 IPCC report shows blue proxy values along the "shaft" with red instrumental values superimposed as the "blade".]]
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One of the main pieces of evidence for anthropogenic global warming presented during the 3rd IPCC report was a temperature reconstruction done by climatologist [[Michael Mann]]. The resulting graph of the Northern Hemisphere temperature is shaped like a hockey stick, and it is used as evidence for the unusualness of the earth's temperature in the past few decades. 
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While dramatic, the graph encountered serious questions from the beginning.  It failed to reproduce two Northern Hemisphere climate episodes that were well documented in the literature, the Medieval Warm Period and The Little Ice Age.  Concerned about these discrepancies, [[Stephen McIntyre]] and [[Canada|Canadian]] economist Ross McKitrick attempted to reproduce the result and discovered a serious flaw in the statistical methods used to construct the hockey stick graph.  Because of this, the 4th Assessment Report of the IPCC included several different temperature reconstruction methods instead of favoring just one hypothesis.
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==Natural variability of the climate system==
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Evolutionary scientists who believe in global warming think that the Earth has experienced numerous [[Ice Age|ice age]]s over two million years, during which global temperatures dropped approximately [[11° F]] and then returned to normal. The frigid temperatures allowed ice sheets to expand southward, covering much of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], and [[North America]]. The cooling associated with ice ages is gradual, while the terminations are relatively rapid. However, even the rapid terminations of ice ages take centuries to millennia.
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==Global Warming on other Planets==
 
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Since the [[Viking spacecraft]] reached [[Mars]] in the 1970s until recent readings were taken, the average temperature on Mars has risen 1.1° F just as the average temperature on the earth has risen.  Since human industrialization is clearly not to blame for the change on Mars, other causes are being considered.  One possibility is that dust storms are changing the albedo of the planet, allowing it to warm, while another possibility is that solar variations from the sun are causing the warming.<ref>http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070404_gw_mars.html</ref><ref>http://www.heartland.org/Article.cfm?artId=17977</ref>
 
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Recently, it has also been found that similar to the Earth and Mars, [[Neptune]] is also undergoing global warming.  Measurements taken at the Lowell observatory in [[Arizona]] have shown an increase in Neptune's brightness and temperature since 1980 following the same pattern seen on Earth and Mars.  The researchers who discovered this warming suggest there may be a correlation between the warming and solar variations.<ref>http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007.../2006GL028764.shtml</ref>
 
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[[Pluto]] has also been found to be undergoing global warming.  The overall temperature increase on Pluto has been greater than that on the earth.<ref>http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/pluto_warming_021009.html</ref>
 
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==Politics of global warming==
 
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The need to fight "global warming" has become part of the dogma of the liberal conscience. [http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv15n2/reg15n2g.html]
 
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Clearly, "global warming" is a tempting issue for many very important groups to exploit.
 
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... dealing with the threat of warming fits in with a great variety of preexisting agendas [like] dissatisfaction with industrial society (neopastoralism), ... governmental desires for enhanced revenues (carbon taxes), and bureaucratic desires for enhanced power. [http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv15n2/reg15n2g.html]
 
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The global average surface temperature warmed about 0.9&nbsp;°F over the second half of the 20th Century,{{fact-science}}.
 
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Assessments of climate science by the [[United Nations]] (see [[IPCC]] - ''Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'')
 
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have claimed that scientists are 90% sure that over 50% of the observed global warming in recent decades is human-caused, and that continued global warming should be expected over at least the next century. ''Science'' published a literature search by Naomi Oreskes concluding that "scientific consensus" supports the IPCC reports. <ref>http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1686]</ref>
 
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Several prominent scientists have pointed out the [[politicized science]] of the UN's assessment methods. The scientific reports are submitted to a panel of representatives appointed by each country in the IPCC. Several scientists whose research demonstrates that climate change is taking place have complained about their work being misrepresented by the U.N.
 
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*In addition, a number of the participants have testified to the pressures placed on them to emphasize results supportive of the current scenario and to suppress other results. That pressure has frequently been effective, and a survey of participants reveals substantial disagreement with the final report. [http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv15n2/reg15n2g.html]
 
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Richard Lindzen wrote:
 
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:Perhaps more important are the pressures being brought to bear on scientists to get the "right" results. Such pressures are inevitable, given how far out on a limb much of the scientific community has gone. The situation is compounded by the fact that some of the strongest proponents of "global warming" in Congress are also among the major supporters of science (Sen. Gore is notable among those). [http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv15n2/reg15n2g.html]
 
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== Scientists ==
 
== Scientists ==
  

Revision as of 17:07, June 26, 2007

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Scientists

Roger Revelle

See Also

Critique of the Hokey Stick Reconstruction

References

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