Difference between revisions of "Constants"

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This page lists various constants used in [[physics]] and some useful conversions.
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==Physical constants==
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The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that <math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34}</math> has an uncertainty of <math>0.00000000081 \times 10^{-34}</math>.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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!Name
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!Symbol
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!Value
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!Meaning
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!Used in
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!Exact
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|-
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|[[Planck's constant]]
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|<math>h</math>
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|<math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34} \,</math> J s
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|It relates the [[frequency]] of a [[photon]] to its [[energy]]
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|[[Quantum mechanics]]
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h</ref>
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|-
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|[[Speed of light]]
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|<math>c</math>
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|299,792,458 m s<sup>-1</sup>
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|This is the speed of light in a [[vacuum]]
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|Most of physics, such as [[optics]] and [[relativity]]
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|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c</ref>
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|-
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|Permittivity of free space
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|<math>\epsilon_0</math>
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|<math>8.854187817... \times 10^{-12}</math> F m<sup>-1</sup>
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|Related to the strength of an [[electric field]] produced by a charge
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|[[Electromagnetism]]
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|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0</ref>
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|-
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|Permeability of free space
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|<math>\mu_0</math>
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|<math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7}</math>
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|Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a [[current]]
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|[[Electromagnetism]]
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|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0</ref>
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|-
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|Elementary charge
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|<math>e</math>
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|<math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19}</math> C
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|The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron
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|Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by [[proton]]s, [[electron]]s etc
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e</ref>
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|-
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|[[Avogadro's number]]
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|<math>N_A</math>
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|<math>6.022140857(74) \times 10^{23}</math> mol<sup>-1</sup>
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|The number of constituents in 1 mole of something
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|[[Chemistry]], [[statistical mechanics]], [[thermodynamics]]
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na</ref>
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|-
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|Ideal gas constant
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|<math>R</math>
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|<math>8.3144598(48)</math> J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>
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|Relates the [[pressure]], [[volume]], [[temperature]] and number of moles of an [[ideal gas]]
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|[[Thermodynamics]]
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r</ref>
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|}
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==Useful Conversions==
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1 atm = 101.1 kPa
 
1 atm = 101.1 kPa
  
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760&nbsp;mm Hg = 1 atm
 
760&nbsp;mm Hg = 1 atm
  
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==      ==
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--------
  
 
Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x <math>10^{-27}</math>kg
 
Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x <math>10^{-27}</math>kg
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[[Avogadro's number]]: 6.02 x <math>10^{23}</math> particles/mole
 
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Planck's constant: 6.23 x <math>10^{-34} \frac{Joules}{Hertz}</math>
 
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R = 0.0821 <math>\frac{L \cdot atm}{mole \cdot K}</math> or 8.314 <math>\frac{J}{mole \cdot K}</math>
 
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm
 
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm
  
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==      ==
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---------
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"

Revision as of 18:51, April 10, 2017

This page lists various constants used in physics and some useful conversions.

Physical constants

The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that <math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34}</math> has an uncertainty of <math>0.00000000081 \times 10^{-34}</math>.

Name Symbol Value Meaning Used in Exact
Planck's constant <math>h</math> <math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34} \,</math> J s It relates the frequency of a photon to its energy Quantum mechanics Inexact[1]
Speed of light <math>c</math> 299,792,458 m s-1 This is the speed of light in a vacuum Most of physics, such as optics and relativity Exact[2]
Permittivity of free space <math>\epsilon_0</math> <math>8.854187817... \times 10^{-12}</math> F m-1 Related to the strength of an electric field produced by a charge Electromagnetism Exact[3]
Permeability of free space <math>\mu_0</math> <math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7}</math> Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a current Electromagnetism Exact[4]
Elementary charge <math>e</math> <math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19}</math> C The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by protons, electrons etc Inexact[5]
Avogadro's number <math>N_A</math> <math>6.022140857(74) \times 10^{23}</math> mol-1 The number of constituents in 1 mole of something Chemistry, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics Inexact[6]
Ideal gas constant <math>R</math> <math>8.3144598(48)</math> J mol-1 K-1 Relates the pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles of an ideal gas Thermodynamics Inexact[7]

Useful Conversions

1 atm = 101.1 kPa

1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules

1 Calorie = 1000 calories

760 torr = 1 atm

760 mm Hg = 1 atm

Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x <math>10^{-27}</math>kg

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm

Bond Strengths
Mass Charge
Proton 1.67 x <math>10^-27 </math> kg +1
Neutron 1.67 x <math>10^-27 </math> kg 0
Electron 9.11 x <math>10^-31 </math> kg -1
  1. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h
  2. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c
  3. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0
  4. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0
  5. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e
  6. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na
  7. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r
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