Difference between revisions of "Obsessive compulsive disorder"
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! style="font-size:120%; background:lightgray; text-align:center; padding:5px 0;" | The tale of lark which gradually sold all its feathers for fat worms | ! style="font-size:120%; background:lightgray; text-align:center; padding:5px 0;" | The tale of lark which gradually sold all its feathers for fat worms | ||
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| − | | style="padding:15px;" |''“What happens in the life of a man who chooses such a path is well illustrated by the tale of lark which gradually sold all its feathers for fat worms. A businessman constantly comes to him with an offer every day, again and again. The first choice had been carefully hesitant, but next ones took less courage and prudence. The subsequent choices became quite a matter of routine until the hour of truth has been reached and then it was disclosed that lark could not take off any more. This is the typical way how obsessive-compulsive disorder is created. At first, there is ‘just’ an initial choice, but then it is followed by forming a certain habit, which may eventually lead to an [[addiction]] that is very difficult to change or revert. All compulsive courses of action are strongly resistant to change and lead people, over and over, into the same pattern of behavior, despite it can cost them a hard price, in extreme case even their own life.{{#tag:ref|For exmaple, such was apparently the case of [[Michel Foucault]], partisan of [[ | + | | style="padding:15px;" |''“What happens in the life of a man who chooses such a path is well illustrated by the tale of lark which gradually sold all its feathers for fat worms. A businessman constantly comes to him with an offer every day, again and again. The first choice had been carefully hesitant, but next ones took less courage and prudence. The subsequent choices became quite a matter of routine until the hour of truth has been reached and then it was disclosed that lark could not take off any more. This is the typical way how obsessive-compulsive disorder is created. At first, there is ‘just’ an initial choice, but then it is followed by forming a certain habit, which may eventually lead to an [[addiction]] that is very difficult to change or revert. All compulsive courses of action are strongly resistant to change and lead people, over and over, into the same pattern of behavior, despite it can cost them a hard price, in extreme case even their own life.{{#tag:ref|For exmaple, such was apparently the case of [[Michel Foucault]], partisan of [[ABC Theory of Emotion#Homosexual Lifestyle|homosexual lifestyle]], who in 1983 autumn undertook what would be his last trip to [[San Francisco]]. At that time, he was obviously preoccupied by his [[AIDS]] problem and the possibility that he himself will die from this mortal disease.<ref name="Grenz1996">{{cite book |author=GRENZ, Stanley J. |title=A Primer on Postmodernism |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |year=1996 |pages=126 |isbn=978-08028-08646 |url=https://books.google.no/books?id=gBTTKIqz5mEC}}</ref>|group=note}}”'' |
<div style="padding-left:40px;">— Štěpán Rucki<ref name="Rucki2001">{{cite journal |author=Štěpán Rucki |title=Homosexualita: normální varianta lidského chování? (Homosexuality: A normal variant of human behavior?) |publisher=Reformace.cz |date=April 2001 |journal=Zápas o duši |issue=68 |url=http://www.reformace.cz/zod/homosexualita-normalni-varianta-lidskeho-chovani-cislo-68 |accessdate=7 November 2015 |language=Czech |quote=To, co se děje v životě člověka, jenž volí takovou cestu, vystihuje velmi dobře pohádka o skřivánkovi, který postupně prodal veškeré svoje peří za tučné červíky. Obchodník k němu přicházel s touto nabídkou postupně každý den znovu a znovu. První volba byla opatrná, další stála již méně odvahy a opatrnosti. Následující volby již byly celkem rutinní záležitostí a přicházely celkem jednoduše, až nastala hodina pravdy a skřivánek již nemohl vzlétnout. Toto je typická cesta, jak vzniká nutkavá (kompulzivní) porucha chování. Zprvu je to počáteční volba, následuje vznik určitého zvyku, který může nakonec vyústit do závislosti, jež se velice těžce mění. Všechny nutkavé způsoby jednání jsou velice rezistentní (odolné) proti změně a vedou lidi stále znovu a znovu ke stejnému chování, i když je to stojí velmi mnoho, ba dokonce i život.}}</ref></div> | <div style="padding-left:40px;">— Štěpán Rucki<ref name="Rucki2001">{{cite journal |author=Štěpán Rucki |title=Homosexualita: normální varianta lidského chování? (Homosexuality: A normal variant of human behavior?) |publisher=Reformace.cz |date=April 2001 |journal=Zápas o duši |issue=68 |url=http://www.reformace.cz/zod/homosexualita-normalni-varianta-lidskeho-chovani-cislo-68 |accessdate=7 November 2015 |language=Czech |quote=To, co se děje v životě člověka, jenž volí takovou cestu, vystihuje velmi dobře pohádka o skřivánkovi, který postupně prodal veškeré svoje peří za tučné červíky. Obchodník k němu přicházel s touto nabídkou postupně každý den znovu a znovu. První volba byla opatrná, další stála již méně odvahy a opatrnosti. Následující volby již byly celkem rutinní záležitostí a přicházely celkem jednoduše, až nastala hodina pravdy a skřivánek již nemohl vzlétnout. Toto je typická cesta, jak vzniká nutkavá (kompulzivní) porucha chování. Zprvu je to počáteční volba, následuje vznik určitého zvyku, který může nakonec vyústit do závislosti, jež se velice těžce mění. Všechny nutkavé způsoby jednání jsou velice rezistentní (odolné) proti změně a vedou lidi stále znovu a znovu ke stejnému chování, i když je to stojí velmi mnoho, ba dokonce i život.}}</ref></div> | ||
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'''Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)''' is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of either obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are frequent, disturbing, pervasive, and/or intrusive thoughts, usually unwanted, that the person is unable to prevent (e.g., repeated thoughts of harming oneself or another person, aggressive behavior towards other people). Persons suffering from OCD are trying to neutralize their tentions and anxiety coming from obsessions by compulsions.<ref name="Praško2008"/> Compulsions are typically specific nonsensical behaviors or certain compulsive repetitive actions<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovník cudzích slov (akademický): kompulzia (Compulsion) |publisher=Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) |year=2005 |url=http://slovniky.korpus.sk/?w=kompulzia&d=scs |quote=kompulzia lek., psych. nutkavé, nezmyselné opakovanie určitých pohybov al. konaní, ktorým sa postihnutý nemôže ubrániť |language=Slovak |accessdate=7 November 2015 }}</ref> (e.g., handwashing due to a fear of germs) that the affected individual feels compelled to perform over and over again; being prevented from engaging in these behaviors causes extreme anxiety. OCD patients may recognize that their obsessions or compulsions are excessive. | '''Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)''' is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of either obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are frequent, disturbing, pervasive, and/or intrusive thoughts, usually unwanted, that the person is unable to prevent (e.g., repeated thoughts of harming oneself or another person, aggressive behavior towards other people). Persons suffering from OCD are trying to neutralize their tentions and anxiety coming from obsessions by compulsions.<ref name="Praško2008"/> Compulsions are typically specific nonsensical behaviors or certain compulsive repetitive actions<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovník cudzích slov (akademický): kompulzia (Compulsion) |publisher=Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) |year=2005 |url=http://slovniky.korpus.sk/?w=kompulzia&d=scs |quote=kompulzia lek., psych. nutkavé, nezmyselné opakovanie určitých pohybov al. konaní, ktorým sa postihnutý nemôže ubrániť |language=Slovak |accessdate=7 November 2015 }}</ref> (e.g., handwashing due to a fear of germs) that the affected individual feels compelled to perform over and over again; being prevented from engaging in these behaviors causes extreme anxiety. OCD patients may recognize that their obsessions or compulsions are excessive. | ||
| − | The most famous literary example of person suffering from obsessions and compulsions is [[Shakespeare]]'s Lady Macbeth, and the most famous of the living people was [[Charles Darwin]].<ref name="Praško2008">{{cite book |title=Obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha a jak ji zvládat (Obsessive-compulsive disorder and how to handle it)|author1=Ján Praško |author2=Hana Prašková |publisher=Galén |place=Prague, Czech Republic |year=2008 |pages=23 |isbn= 978-7262-53-4 |url=http://www.lundbeck.com/upload/cz/files/pdf/Brozury/Obsedantne_kompulzivni_porucha.pdf |quote=Obsese a kompulze jsou dávno známou poruchou. Nejzná- | + | The most famous literary example of person suffering from obsessions and compulsions is [[Shakespeare]]'s Lady Macbeth, and the most famous of the living people was [[Charles Darwin]].<ref name="Praško2008">{{cite book |title=Obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha a jak ji zvládat (Obsessive-compulsive disorder and how to handle it)|author1=Ján Praško |author2=Hana Prašková |publisher=Galén |place=Prague, Czech Republic |year=2008 |pages=23 |isbn= 978-7262-53-4 |url=http://www.lundbeck.com/upload/cz/files/pdf/Brozury/Obsedantne_kompulzivni_porucha.pdf |quote=Obsese a kompulze jsou dávno známou poruchou. Nejzná- mějším literárním příkladem je Shakespearova Lady Macbeth, nejslavnějším z postižených byl Charles Darwin.|language=Czech |accessdate=7 November 2015 }}</ref> |
| − | mějším literárním příkladem je Shakespearova Lady Macbeth, nejslavnějším z postižených byl Charles Darwin.|language=Czech |accessdate=7 November 2015 }}</ref> | ||
== Initial Choices == | == Initial Choices == | ||
| − | [[Addiction]]s and deeply embedded compulsive behavior patterns differ from true [[illness]]es in that their progressive alteration of the brain is directed by choices, especially ''initial choices''. They are therefore reinforced by ''the progressive erosion of the ability to choose differently''. The capacity for moral choice is gradually undermined as the compulsion tightens its grip.<ref name="Satinover1996">{{cite book |title=Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth |author=Jeffrey Burke Satinover |publisher=Baker Books |year=1996 |chapter=11 |pages= | + | [[Addiction]]s and deeply embedded compulsive behavior patterns differ from true [[illness]]es in that their progressive alteration of the brain is directed by choices, especially ''initial choices''. They are therefore reinforced by ''the progressive erosion of the ability to choose differently''. The capacity for moral choice is gradually undermined as the compulsion tightens its grip.<ref name="Satinover1996">{{cite book |title=Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth |author=Jeffrey Burke Satinover |publisher=Baker Books |year=1996 |chapter=11 |pages=175–6 |isbn=9780801056253 |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/62588.Homosexuality_and_the_Politics_of_Truth |quote=}}</ref> |
== OCD and Pornography == | == OCD and Pornography == | ||
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4. Desensibilization<br> | 4. Desensibilization<br> | ||
5. Acting-out<br> | 5. Acting-out<br> | ||
| − | Prevention also means fighting the demand - and here we face the sad truth that many 'customers' who pay for sex acts are neither poor nor undereducated. However, their education falls short of teaching them that the women apparently available for | + | Prevention also means fighting the demand - and here we face the sad truth that many 'customers' who pay for sex acts are neither poor nor undereducated. However, their education falls short of teaching them that the women apparently available for their pleasure are hurting and trapped in an evil trade from which there is no easy exit. Pornography is often a factor, being addictive, presenting women as objects, destroying healthy relationships and creating the demand for more and more novelty and younger and younger girls. This culture leaves the door wide open for exploitation and crime.<ref name="Hope">{{cite book |title=Europe:Restoring Hope|author=Deborah Meroff|publisher=OM Books|place=Linz, Austria|year=2011|pages=22 |isbn=978-3-941750-06-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1mJhuQAACAAJ}}</ref> |
== The methods of treatment == | == The methods of treatment == | ||
| − | There are two primary methods of treatment for OCD. [[Exposure therapy]] is a method in which the OCD sufferer is exposed to the thing that he or she fears and prevented from engaging in compensating behaviors. For example, a patient who washes his hands for hours due to fear of germs may be exposed to germs in a public restroom and not allowed to wash his hands. Repeated exposure teaches the patient that the fear is excessive, diminishing anxiety and compulsive behavior. OCD is also sometimes treated with [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | SSRIs]], a form of [[anti-depressant]] medication. Exposure therapy is generally considered the preferable mode of treatment, because the effects are long-lasting, whereas the beneficial effects of medication fade when the drug is discontinued. | + | There are two primary methods of treatment for OCD. [[Exposure therapy]] is a method in which the OCD sufferer is exposed to the thing that he or she fears and prevented from engaging in compensating behaviors. For example, a patient who washes his hands for hours due to fear of germs may be exposed to germs in a public restroom and not allowed to wash his hands. Repeated exposure teaches the patient that the fear is excessive, diminishing anxiety and compulsive behavior. OCD is also sometimes treated with [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors|SSRIs]], a form of [[anti-depressant]] medication. Exposure therapy is generally considered the preferable mode of treatment, because the effects are long-lasting, whereas the beneficial effects of medication fade when the drug is discontinued. |
== The inappropriate usage of the term == | == The inappropriate usage of the term == | ||
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*[[Ideomotor effect]] | *[[Ideomotor effect]] | ||
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Psychiatry]] |
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Psychiatric Disorders]] |
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Psychology]] |
Revision as of 12:43, June 28, 2016
| The tale of lark which gradually sold all its feathers for fat worms |
|---|
| “What happens in the life of a man who chooses such a path is well illustrated by the tale of lark which gradually sold all its feathers for fat worms. A businessman constantly comes to him with an offer every day, again and again. The first choice had been carefully hesitant, but next ones took less courage and prudence. The subsequent choices became quite a matter of routine until the hour of truth has been reached and then it was disclosed that lark could not take off any more. This is the typical way how obsessive-compulsive disorder is created. At first, there is ‘just’ an initial choice, but then it is followed by forming a certain habit, which may eventually lead to an addiction that is very difficult to change or revert. All compulsive courses of action are strongly resistant to change and lead people, over and over, into the same pattern of behavior, despite it can cost them a hard price, in extreme case even their own life.[note 1]”
— Štěpán Rucki[2]
|
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of either obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are frequent, disturbing, pervasive, and/or intrusive thoughts, usually unwanted, that the person is unable to prevent (e.g., repeated thoughts of harming oneself or another person, aggressive behavior towards other people). Persons suffering from OCD are trying to neutralize their tentions and anxiety coming from obsessions by compulsions.[3] Compulsions are typically specific nonsensical behaviors or certain compulsive repetitive actions[4] (e.g., handwashing due to a fear of germs) that the affected individual feels compelled to perform over and over again; being prevented from engaging in these behaviors causes extreme anxiety. OCD patients may recognize that their obsessions or compulsions are excessive.
The most famous literary example of person suffering from obsessions and compulsions is Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth, and the most famous of the living people was Charles Darwin.[3]
Initial Choices
Addictions and deeply embedded compulsive behavior patterns differ from true illnesses in that their progressive alteration of the brain is directed by choices, especially initial choices. They are therefore reinforced by the progressive erosion of the ability to choose differently. The capacity for moral choice is gradually undermined as the compulsion tightens its grip.[5]
OCD and Pornography
Victor Cline, psychologist and psychotherapist, concluded, based on experience with treatment of ca 300 sex addicts, sex offenders, and victims of sexual abuse, that pornography consumption has a causal effect leading to sexual obsessions and possibly even criminal acts. In this respect, he identifies a five step process:[6]
1. An early contact with pornography
2. Addiction
3. Escalation
4. Desensibilization
5. Acting-out
Prevention also means fighting the demand - and here we face the sad truth that many 'customers' who pay for sex acts are neither poor nor undereducated. However, their education falls short of teaching them that the women apparently available for their pleasure are hurting and trapped in an evil trade from which there is no easy exit. Pornography is often a factor, being addictive, presenting women as objects, destroying healthy relationships and creating the demand for more and more novelty and younger and younger girls. This culture leaves the door wide open for exploitation and crime.[7]
The methods of treatment
There are two primary methods of treatment for OCD. Exposure therapy is a method in which the OCD sufferer is exposed to the thing that he or she fears and prevented from engaging in compensating behaviors. For example, a patient who washes his hands for hours due to fear of germs may be exposed to germs in a public restroom and not allowed to wash his hands. Repeated exposure teaches the patient that the fear is excessive, diminishing anxiety and compulsive behavior. OCD is also sometimes treated with SSRIs, a form of anti-depressant medication. Exposure therapy is generally considered the preferable mode of treatment, because the effects are long-lasting, whereas the beneficial effects of medication fade when the drug is discontinued.
The inappropriate usage of the term
The term is routinely used in liberal psychobabble propaganda attacks against Christianity by undermining the doctrine of Priesthood of all believers and its derivative the Protestant work ethic.
Notes
- ↑ For exmaple, such was apparently the case of Michel Foucault, partisan of homosexual lifestyle, who in 1983 autumn undertook what would be his last trip to San Francisco. At that time, he was obviously preoccupied by his AIDS problem and the possibility that he himself will die from this mortal disease.[1]
References
- ↑ GRENZ, Stanley J. (1996). A Primer on Postmodernism. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 126. ISBN 978-08028-08646.
- ↑ Štěpán Rucki (April 2001). "Homosexualita: normální varianta lidského chování? (Homosexuality: A normal variant of human behavior?)" (in Czech). Zápas o duši (Reformace.cz) (68). http://www.reformace.cz/zod/homosexualita-normalni-varianta-lidskeho-chovani-cislo-68. Retrieved 7 November 2015. "To, co se děje v životě člověka, jenž volí takovou cestu, vystihuje velmi dobře pohádka o skřivánkovi, který postupně prodal veškeré svoje peří za tučné červíky. Obchodník k němu přicházel s touto nabídkou postupně každý den znovu a znovu. První volba byla opatrná, další stála již méně odvahy a opatrnosti. Následující volby již byly celkem rutinní záležitostí a přicházely celkem jednoduše, až nastala hodina pravdy a skřivánek již nemohl vzlétnout. Toto je typická cesta, jak vzniká nutkavá (kompulzivní) porucha chování. Zprvu je to počáteční volba, následuje vznik určitého zvyku, který může nakonec vyústit do závislosti, jež se velice těžce mění. Všechny nutkavé způsoby jednání jsou velice rezistentní (odolné) proti změně a vedou lidi stále znovu a znovu ke stejnému chování, i když je to stojí velmi mnoho, ba dokonce i život.".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 (2008) Obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha a jak ji zvládat (Obsessive-compulsive disorder and how to handle it) (in Czech). Galén, 23. ISBN 978-7262-53-4. Retrieved on 7 November 2015. “Obsese a kompulze jsou dávno známou poruchou. Nejzná- mějším literárním příkladem je Shakespearova Lady Macbeth, nejslavnějším z postižených byl Charles Darwin.”
- ↑ Slovník cudzích slov (akademický): kompulzia (Compulsion) (Slovak). Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) (2005). Retrieved on 7 November 2015. “kompulzia lek., psych. nutkavé, nezmyselné opakovanie určitých pohybov al. konaní, ktorým sa postihnutý nemôže ubrániť”
- ↑ Jeffrey Burke Satinover (1996). "11", Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth. Baker Books, 175–6. ISBN 9780801056253.
- ↑ Gabriele Kuby. Globálna Sexuálna Revolúcia. Strata Slobody v mene Slobody. (Global Sexual Revolution. The loss of Freedom in the name of Freedom.) (in Slovak). Bratislava, Slovakia: Lúč. ISBN 978-80-7114-922-4. “The title in German original is “Die Globale sexualle Revolution.””
- ↑ Deborah Meroff (2011). Europe:Restoring Hope. OM Books, 22. ISBN 978-3-941750-06-7.