Difference between revisions of "Thomas A. Jenckes"
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| + | {{Officeholder | ||
| + | |name=Thomas Allen Jenckes, I | ||
| + | |image=Thomas A. Jenckes.jpg | ||
| + | |party=[[Republican]] | ||
| + | |spouse=Mary Jane Fuller | ||
| + | |religion= | ||
| + | |offices= | ||
| + | {{Officeholder/representative | ||
| + | |state=Rhode Island | ||
| + | |district=1st | ||
| + | |terms=March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1871 | ||
| + | |preceded=William Paine Sheffield, Sr. | ||
| + | |former=y | ||
| + | |succeeded=Benjamin T. Eames | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{Officeholder/misc | ||
| + | |office=State Representative from Rhode Island | ||
| + | |terms=1854–1857 | ||
| + | |preceded=??? | ||
| + | |status=f | ||
| + | |succeeded=??? | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
'''Thomas Allen Jenckes, I''' (November 2, 1818 – November 4, 1875) was a [[lawyer]] and Republican from [[Rhode Island]] who represented the state's 1st congressional district in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1863 to 1871. He was previously a legislator in the state House of Representatives. | '''Thomas Allen Jenckes, I''' (November 2, 1818 – November 4, 1875) was a [[lawyer]] and Republican from [[Rhode Island]] who represented the state's 1st congressional district in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1863 to 1871. He was previously a legislator in the state House of Representatives. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| − | Jenckes was born in early November 1918 to Thomas B. Jenckes and the former Abigail W. Allen. He attended public schools and graduated from | + | Jenckes was born in early November 1918 to Thomas B. Jenckes and the former Abigail W. Allen. He attended public schools and graduated from [[Brown University]]. Studying law and being admitted to the state bar two years later, he proceeded to commence practice. |
| + | |||
| + | He married the former Mary Jane Fuller, and the couple's children were Jeanie Rosalie, Mary Edith, Ida Cornelia, Florence Madeleine, Agnes Fuller, and Thomas Allen, II (or Thomas, Jr.). | ||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
| Line 8: | Line 34: | ||
===U.S. House of Representatives=== | ===U.S. House of Representatives=== | ||
| − | Jenckes was first elected to the U.S. House in 1863 as a Unionist, defeating Democrat opponent Charles J. Bradley by seventeen percentage points.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=714498 RI - Eastern District Race - Apr 01, 1863]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> He was subsequently re-elected three times by landslide margins.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=261645 Candidate - Thomas A. Jenckes]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> | + | Jenckes was first elected to the U.S. House in 1863 as a Unionist, defeating [[Democrat]] opponent Charles J. Bradley by seventeen percentage points.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=714498 RI - Eastern District Race - Apr 01, 1863]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> He was subsequently re-elected three times by landslide margins.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=261645 Candidate - Thomas A. Jenckes]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref><ref>April 6, 1865. [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/06/archives/the-rhode-island-election.html The Rhode Island Election.] ''The New York Times''. Archived version available [https://archive.md/uHuUy here]. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> |
| − | During his House tenure, Jenckes was mostly known for introducing legislation which created the [[Department of Justice]].<ref name=dojorigins>Shugerman, Jed H. (March 21, 2013). [https://law.utexas.edu/colloquia/archive/papers-public/2012-2013/05-02-13_shugerman_creation_of_doj.pdf The Creation of the Department of Justice: Professionalization Without Civil Rights or Civil Service]. ''The University of Texas at Austin School of Law''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> Contrary to some narratives that suggest this was an effort to bolster [[Reconstruction]] policies and safeguard the constitutional rights of blacks, it was primarily for the purpose of professionalizing legal practice.<ref>Freilach, Jennifer (April 6, 2017). [https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/165620 When Was the Department of Justice Established?] ''History News Network''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> Indeed, Jenckes "paid little attention" to protecting Southern blacks.<ref name=dojorigins/> | + | During his House tenure, Jenckes was mostly known for introducing legislation which created the [[Department of Justice]].<ref name=dojorigins>Shugerman, Jed H. (March 21, 2013). [https://law.utexas.edu/colloquia/archive/papers-public/2012-2013/05-02-13_shugerman_creation_of_doj.pdf The Creation of the Department of Justice: Professionalization Without Civil Rights or Civil Service]. ''The University of Texas at Austin School of Law''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> Contrary to some narratives that suggest this was an effort to bolster [[Reconstruction]] policies during the presidency of [[Ulysses S. Grant]] and safeguard the constitutional rights of blacks, it was primarily for the purpose of professionalizing legal practice.<ref>Freilach, Jennifer (April 6, 2017). [https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/165620 When Was the Department of Justice Established?] ''History News Network''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> Indeed, Jenckes "paid little attention" to protecting Southern blacks.<ref name=dojorigins/> |
| − | Considered a "reformer," Jenckes was an early advocate of civil service reform and known as "the father of civil service."<ref name=dojorigins/> The enactment of a [[civil service system]] to replace the traditional [[spoils system]] would prevent Republicans from utilizing patronage to benefit blacks, and it was later implemented via the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] years after Jenckes left office. | + | Considered a "reformer," Jenckes was an early advocate of civil service reform<ref name=papers>[http://memory.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2013/ms013048.pdf Thomas A. Jenckes Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress]. ''Library of Congress''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> and known as "the father of civil service."<ref name=dojorigins/> When he introduced legislation pushing it, fierce opposition was met by [[Radical Republican]] colleague [[John A. Logan]] of [[Illinois]],<ref>Jones, John Pickett (1982). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IpkCCUxeyW8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois], p. 21. ''Google Books''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> who was concerned with the plight of Southern blacks and called the bill "probably unconstitutional."<ref>''John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois'', p. 34</ref> The enactment of a [[civil service system]] to replace the traditional [[spoils system]] would prevent Republicans from utilizing patronage to benefit blacks, and it was later implemented via the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] years after Jenckes left office.<ref>Matthews, Dylan (July 20, 2016). [https://www.vox.com/2016/7/20/12233454/christie-trump-purge-federal-employees Donald Trump and Chris Christie are reportedly planning to purge the civil service]. ''Vox''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Having prosecuted fraud implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal, Jenckes' tenure was also marked by his revisions of bankruptcy law and involvement in cases related to Goodyear rubber, the Corliss steam engine, in addition to patents pertaining to refrigeration and ventilation.<ref name=papers/> | ||
In the 1870 midterms, Jenckes was defeated by fellow Republican Benjamin T. Eames.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=714502 RI - Eastern District Race - Nov 08, 1870]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> | In the 1870 midterms, Jenckes was defeated by fellow Republican Benjamin T. Eames.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=714502 RI - Eastern District Race - Nov 08, 1870]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> | ||
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==Death and interment== | ==Death and interment== | ||
Jenckes died in early November 1875 in Cumberland, Rhode Island, and is interred at Swan Point Cemetery, located in [[Providence]]. | Jenckes died in early November 1875 in Cumberland, Rhode Island, and is interred at Swan Point Cemetery, located in [[Providence]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Half-Breeds]], a faction of [[Moderate Republicans]] who supported civil service reform | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Further reading== | ||
| + | *January 3, 1869. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/01/03/79379538.pdf THE CIVIL SERVICE.; Address of Hon. Thos. A. Jenekes, of Rhode Island, Before the American Social Science Association in Boston.] ''The New York Times''. | ||
| + | *January 17, 1869. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/01/17/101004881.pdf THE CIVIL SERVICE.; Address by Ron. Thomas A. Jenekes before the Social Science Association.] ''The New York Times''. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=J000076 Profile] at the ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress | *[https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=J000076 Profile] at the ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress | ||
| + | *[https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j68jrc Biography] at ''Social Networks and Archival Context | ||
*[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11131992/thomas-allen-jenckes Profile] at ''Find a Grave | *[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11131992/thomas-allen-jenckes Profile] at ''Find a Grave | ||
| Line 32: | Line 68: | ||
[[Category:Former United States Representatives]] | [[Category:Former United States Representatives]] | ||
[[Category:State Representatives]] | [[Category:State Representatives]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Moderate Republicans]] | ||
| + | [[Category:RINOs]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Half-Breeds (Republican Party)|!]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Reconstruction]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Gilded Age]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:04, November 27, 2021
| Thomas Allen Jenckes, I | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Former U.S. Representative from Rhode Island's 1st Congressional District From: March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1871 | |||
| Predecessor | William Paine Sheffield, Sr. | ||
| Successor | Benjamin T. Eames | ||
| State Representative from Rhode Island From: 1854–1857 | |||
| Predecessor | ??? | ||
| Successor | ??? | ||
| Information | |||
| Party | Republican | ||
| Spouse(s) | Mary Jane Fuller | ||
Thomas Allen Jenckes, I (November 2, 1818 – November 4, 1875) was a lawyer and Republican from Rhode Island who represented the state's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1863 to 1871. He was previously a legislator in the state House of Representatives.
Background
Jenckes was born in early November 1918 to Thomas B. Jenckes and the former Abigail W. Allen. He attended public schools and graduated from Brown University. Studying law and being admitted to the state bar two years later, he proceeded to commence practice.
He married the former Mary Jane Fuller, and the couple's children were Jeanie Rosalie, Mary Edith, Ida Cornelia, Florence Madeleine, Agnes Fuller, and Thomas Allen, II (or Thomas, Jr.).
Political career
From 1840 to 1844, Jenckes served as a clerk to the state legislature. He was elected to the lower body of the legislature a decade later, and became a commissioner to revise laws during his tenure.
U.S. House of Representatives
Jenckes was first elected to the U.S. House in 1863 as a Unionist, defeating Democrat opponent Charles J. Bradley by seventeen percentage points.[1] He was subsequently re-elected three times by landslide margins.[2][3]
During his House tenure, Jenckes was mostly known for introducing legislation which created the Department of Justice.[4] Contrary to some narratives that suggest this was an effort to bolster Reconstruction policies during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant and safeguard the constitutional rights of blacks, it was primarily for the purpose of professionalizing legal practice.[5] Indeed, Jenckes "paid little attention" to protecting Southern blacks.[4]
Considered a "reformer," Jenckes was an early advocate of civil service reform[6] and known as "the father of civil service."[4] When he introduced legislation pushing it, fierce opposition was met by Radical Republican colleague John A. Logan of Illinois,[7] who was concerned with the plight of Southern blacks and called the bill "probably unconstitutional."[8] The enactment of a civil service system to replace the traditional spoils system would prevent Republicans from utilizing patronage to benefit blacks, and it was later implemented via the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act years after Jenckes left office.[9]
Having prosecuted fraud implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal, Jenckes' tenure was also marked by his revisions of bankruptcy law and involvement in cases related to Goodyear rubber, the Corliss steam engine, in addition to patents pertaining to refrigeration and ventilation.[6]
In the 1870 midterms, Jenckes was defeated by fellow Republican Benjamin T. Eames.[10]
Death and interment
Jenckes died in early November 1875 in Cumberland, Rhode Island, and is interred at Swan Point Cemetery, located in Providence.
See also
- Half-Breeds, a faction of Moderate Republicans who supported civil service reform
References
- ↑ RI - Eastern District Race - Apr 01, 1863. Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ Candidate - Thomas A. Jenckes. Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ April 6, 1865. The Rhode Island Election. The New York Times. Archived version available here. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shugerman, Jed H. (March 21, 2013). The Creation of the Department of Justice: Professionalization Without Civil Rights or Civil Service. The University of Texas at Austin School of Law. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ Freilach, Jennifer (April 6, 2017). When Was the Department of Justice Established? History News Network. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thomas A. Jenckes Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ Jones, John Pickett (1982). John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois, p. 21. Google Books. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois, p. 34
- ↑ Matthews, Dylan (July 20, 2016). Donald Trump and Chris Christie are reportedly planning to purge the civil service. Vox. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ↑ RI - Eastern District Race - Nov 08, 1870. Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
Further reading
- January 3, 1869. THE CIVIL SERVICE.; Address of Hon. Thos. A. Jenekes, of Rhode Island, Before the American Social Science Association in Boston. The New York Times.
- January 17, 1869. THE CIVIL SERVICE.; Address by Ron. Thomas A. Jenekes before the Social Science Association. The New York Times.