Transgender sports cases

Transgender sports cases include the following:

• A.C. ex rel. M.C. v. Metropolitan School District of Martinsville, 75 F.4th 760 (7th Cir. 2023) (adhering to the Seventh Circuit precedent in Whitaker, see below, with a concurrence by Judge Frank Easterbrook that seems ambivalent about the transgender issue).
  • • Adams ex rel. Kasper v. School Board of St. Johns County, 57 F.4th 791 (11th Cir. 2022)
    • B.P.J. ex rel. Jackson v. West Virginia State Board of Education, 98 F.4th 542 (4th Cir. 2024)
• B.P.J. v. West Virginia State Board of Education, 649 F. Supp. 3d 220 (S.D. W. Va. 2023)
• Board of Trustees of State University of New York v. Fox, 492 U.S. 469 (1989)
• Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 U.S. 644 (2020)
• Bowen v. Gilliard, 483 U.S. 587 (1987) (establishes the standard of review without a suspect classification)
• Brandt v. Rutledge, 47 F.4th 661 (8th Cir. 2022)
• Bray v. Alexandria Women’s Health Clinic, 506 U.S. 263 (1993)
• Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association, 564 U.S. 786 (2011)
• Brown v. Zavaras, 63 F.3d 967 (10th Cir. 1995)
• Califano v. Boles, 443 U.S. 282 (1979)
• City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432 (1985)
  • • Clark ex rel. Clark v. Arizona Interscholastic Association, 695 F.2d 1126 (9th Cir. 1982)
• Clark v. Jeter, 486 U.S. 456 (1988)
  • Eknes-Tucker v. Governor of Alabama, 80 F.4th 1205 (11th Cir. 2023)
• Fowler v. Stitt, 104 F.4th 770 (10th Cir. 2024)
  • Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973)
  • Grimm v. Gloucester County School Board, 972 F.3d 586 (4th Cir. 2020)
• Jackman v. Rosenbaum Company, 260 U.S. 22 (1922)
• Kadel v. Folwell, 100 F.4th 122 (4th Cir. 2024)
  • Karnoski v. Trump, 926 F.3d 1180 (9th Cir. 2019)
  • L.W. ex rel. Williams v. Skrmetti, 83 F.4th 460 (6th Cir. 2023)
• Labrador v. Poe, 144 S. Ct. 921 (2024) (issue of the proper breadth of an injunction)
• Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County, 450 U.S. 464 (1981)
• Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718 (1982)
• O’Connor v. Board of Education of School District 23, 449 U.S. 1301 (1980)
  • Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney, 442 U.S. 256 (1979)
• San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1 (1973)
• Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College, 600 U.S. 181 (2023)
• Sun Oil Company v. Wortman, 486 U.S. 717 (1988)
  • Tuan Anh Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001)
• Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC, 520 U.S. 180 (1997)
• United States v. Rahimi, 2024 WL 3074728 (U.S. June 21, 2024)
  • • United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996)
• Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 U.S. 781 (1989)
• Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976)
• Whitaker ex rel. Whitaker v. Kenosha Unified School District No. 1 Board of Education, 858 F.3d 1034 (7th Cir. 2017)
• Witt v. Department of the Air Force, 527 F.3d 806 (9th Cir. 2008)