Square matrix
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A square matrix is a matrix where both dimensions are the same. In other words, an <math>n \times m</math> matrix is square if <math>n = m</math>.
A <math>n \times n</math> square matrix can be viewed as a linear transformation of n-dimensional space. For example a <math>3 \times 3</math> matrix defines a transformation of <math>\mathbb{R}^3</math>.