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The '''Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty''' ('''NPT''') was an agreement between countries that signed the treaty that there would be no more development or use of [[nuclear weapons]]. It also allowed for the surveillance of nuclear facilities by the IAEA also known as the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA). This was signed by the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[Soviet Union]] and fifty-nine others on July 1, 1968. Other nations later signed onto this treaty. The only states that have chosen not to sign are [[Cuba]], [[Israel]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]]. ==The P5 Process== Established in 2009, the P5 Process is a discussion platform for the world’s top 5 nuclear powers –the [[Russian Federation]], the [[United States]], [[China]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[France]] - the same Permanent Members of the [[United Nations Security Council]]. All of the group’s participants are party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Originally, the P5 Process was meant to facilitate discussion on three key issues: nuclear disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation and peaceful application of nuclear power. As of 2024, this process essentially allows the world’s largest holders of [[nuclear weapon]]s to discuss mutually beneficial arrangements in the global security sphere and to defuse potential security risks.