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The First Partition of the Republic in 1772 was a direct outcome of Russian geopolitical interests in the region on regaining Russian-populated territories occupied centuries earlier by the Polish-Lithuanian state (the first Polish-Lithuanian state-political union was in 1385 – the Union of Krevė/Krewo). In 1772, it was the Russian victory over the [[Ottoman Empire]] (Russo-Ottoman war 1768−1774) which alarmed the Habsburg Monarchy to such a degree that [[Vienna]] was even ready to go to war against Russia. As a mediator for the reason to avoid a new European military conflict between great powers, the Prussian king [[Frederick II]] (the Great) proposed to St. Petersburg and Vienna simply to annex parts of the Republic’s territory by their three countries in such a way that Russian territorial gain would not be objectionable to the Habsburg Monarchy. Nevertheless, as the result of the First Partition of the Republic in 1772, Russia annexed the easternmost regions of the Republic of Two Nations – Polish Livonia, Polatsk, Vitebsk, and Mohylew, having now the borders on [[Dnieper ]] and Western Dvina (93,000 sq. kilometers with 1,300,000 inhabitants). The Kingdom of Prussia annexed 36,000 sq. kilometers with 580.000 people (West Prussia, Netze District, and Elbląg and the city-port of [[Danzig]]/Gdańsk). Finally, the Habsburg Monarchy received 81.000 sq. kilometers with 2,650,000 inhabitants ([[Galicia]]-Lodomeria with [[Lemberg]]/Lwów, Belz, parts of Podolia, Sandomierz, and [[Cracow]] district but without the city of Cracow itself on the north bank of the [[Vistula River]]). The new land annexed by Vienna became officially named the Kingdom of Galicia-Lodomeria (without West Galicia). That was, basically, the Palatinate of Rus. The new name was recalling the title in the old Hungarian crown (Hungary was ruled by the Habsburgs since 1526). Hungarian kings since the 12th century claimed this territory of the medieval Rus principalities of Galicia and [[Volhynia]] (Lodomeria).