Changes
/* Marxist revolution and counterrevolution */
===Marxist revolution and counterrevolution===
As leader of the NSDAP, Hitler reorganized the party and encouraged the assimilation of other radical groups. Gangs of unemployed demobilized soldiers were gathered under the command of a former army officer, [[Ernst Röhm]], to form the [[Storm Troopers]] (''Sturmabteilung'' or SA), Hitler's private army. With the collapse of the [[German Empire]] and rise of the [[Soviet Union]], internecine leftist violence in the streets for control of the infant [[Weimar Republic]] was widespread and chaotic. The Nazis consolidated nationalist control of leftwing revolutionary groups, with groups loyal to the Moscow worldwide socialist revolution declared by [[Lenin]] and [[Trotsky]] controlling native groups loyal to a foreign power as their violent opposition. Ever since [[Karl Marx]]'s writings from the mid 18th century, Germany, not Russia, had been the primary target of Marxist revolutionaries for violent revolution and [[regime change]]. Russia became a ripe target for Marxist revolution and opportunists for leftwing social experimentation in the chaotic closing days of the Great War precisely because of its lack of industrial economic development. Under Hitler's leadership, the NSDAP denounced the Weimar Republic and the "November criminals" who had signed the [[Treaty of Versailles]].
[[File:Early-leaders-of-the-nazi-party-full.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Defendants during the Munich beer hall putsch trial, April 1924 (''l-r:'' Pernet, Weber, Frick, Kiebel, Ludendorff, Hitler, Bruckner, Röhm, Wagner.).]]
The postwar economic slump won the party a following among unemployed ex-soldiers, the lower middle class, and small farmers; in 1923 membership totaled about 55,000. General Erich Ludendorff supported the former corporal in the [[Beer Hall Putsch]] of November 1923 in Munich, an attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government. The putsch failed, and Hitler received a light sentence of five years, of which he served less than one. Incarcerated in relative comfort, he wrote ''Mein Kampf'' (My Struggle), in which he set out his long-term political aims.
