Changes

*[http://www.oocities.org/athens/delphi/8449/atheism.html Atheism and Death: Why the atheist must face death with despair] By Dustin Shramek

*[http://pleaseconvinceme.com/2013/apathy-atheism-and-the-absurdity-of-life-without-god/ Apathy, Atheism, and the Absurdity of Life Without God] by Aaron Brake

The term 'existentialism' itself was popularized by many other individuals, but resisted by Sartre himself. Sartre was also a Communist, and was known to be in bed with the KGB,<ref name="Who was the Real Che?">http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=33786</ref> although he himself viewed his motives and beliefs as closer to anarchism.<ref name="nybooks4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1975/aug/07/sartre-at-seventy-an-interview/?page=4 |title=Sartre at Seventy: An Interview by Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Contat |work=The New York Review of Books |date=7 August 1975 |accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="raforum1">{{cite web|url=http://raforum.info/spip.php?article92 |title=R.A. Forum > Sartre par lui-même (Sartre by Himself) |publisher=Raforum.info |date=28 September 1966 |accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated21">"Interview with Jean-Paul Sartre" in ''The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre'', ed. P. A. Schilpp, p. 21.</ref> During his time as a Soviet supporter, he proceeded to write a little known book advocating for solidarity for the imprisoned Henri Martin after refusing to participate in the Indo-China War, called the ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>L'Affaire Henri Martin'' in 1953, and also infamously accused the old-fashioned parliamentary conservative Prime Minister Antoine Pinay of setting up a dictatorship.<ref>''Liberation'', 16 October 1952</ref> In addition, he chose to align himself with the Communists in 1952 despite his fellow left-wing intellectuals left the Communist Party in droves with the news of Stalin's crimes coming to the forefront. In response to this, he gave the following response that completely contradicted his stance in his manifesto on commitment in ''Les Temps modernes'', "As we were not members of the Party or avowed sympathizers, it was not our duty to write about Soviet labour camps; we were free to remain aloof from quarrels over the nature of this system, provided no events of sociological significance occurred."<ref>Quoted in Walter Laqueur and G.L. Mosse, ''Literature and Politics in the Twentieth Century'' (New York, 1967), p. 25.</ref> He also allowed himself to be made a performing bear at the December 1952 Communist World Peace Movement conference in Vienna, Austria, which meant truckling to Fadayev, who had previously referred to him as a hyena and a jackal, as well as very blatantly lying about how the three most important events of his life were the Popular Front of 1936, the Liberation, and the Communist World Peace Movement (which he referred to as 'this congress'), and also proceeded to cancel the performance in Vienna of his old, anti-Communist play ''Les Mains sales'' at the behest of the Communist Party bosses at least a year later.<ref>''Les Lettres francaises'', 1–8 January 1953; ''Le Monde'', 25 September 1954.</ref> He also proceeded to make ludicrous lengths to back the Communist Party line in action and words, including his giving a very fawning account of the Soviet Union in July 1954 during a two-hour interview from the Communist ''Liberation'' magazine, being comparable to George Bernard Shaw's infamous expedition to the USSR in the early 1930s.<ref>''Liberation'' 15–20 July 1954</ref> Among the claims he made in the interview were, among other things, that the Soviet citizens did not travel simply because they had no desire to leave the country, and not because they were prevented from doing so, and also said regarding freedom of speech in the country the following: "The Soviet citizens, criticize their government much more and more effectively than we do. There is total freedom of criticism in the USSR." He later admitted in 1976 this claim was a lie, or at least he didn't actually believe the claims when he wrote them and claimed he did so because otherwise it was "impolite," and falsely implied he didn't know where he stood when in fact he knew full well where he stood.<ref>"After my first visit to the USSR in 1954, I lied. Actually, lie might be too strong a word : I wrote an article . . . where I said a number of friendly things about the USSR which I did not believe. I did it partly because I considered that it is not polite to denigrate your hosts as soon as you return home, and partly because I didn't really know where I stood in relation to both the USSR and my own ideas." &ndash; ''Situations X'' (Paris, 1976), p. 220</ref> He was also responsible for the claim that the executed Bolivian Marxist revolutionary/terrorist, [[Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]], was "the most complete human being of our time,"<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120112210219/http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=27548&Cat=9&dt=10%2F9%2F2006</ref> as well as ensuring that French communist/terrorist and fellow member of Guevara's cadre, Régis Debray, was released from his prison sentence 27 years early (having earlier been sentenced to thirty years in prison). He also promoted the [[Baader-Meinhof Gang]].<ref name="Who was the Real Che?" /> When returning from a visit to the [[People's Republic of China]] under [[Mao Zedong]], he also praised Mao's cultural revolution by saying "For the Maoists…everywhere revolutionary violence is born among the masses it is immediately and profoundly moral." although he denied being a Maoist himself.<ref>http://www.albertmohler.com/2005/10/20/chairman-maos-reign-of-terror-finally-the-truth-comes-out/</ref><ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/event/article-3463779/Jean-Paul-Sartre-biography-reviewed-Craig-Brown-existential-crisis-Jean-Paul-Sartre-serial-seducer-pimped-lover-Simone-Beauvoir.html</ref><ref>http://www.oocities.org/c_ansata/Maoists.html</ref> In addition, he also gave advice to the Martinican psychiatrist and political theorist [[Frantz Fanon]] during the Algerian War for Independence, and wrote in his preface to Fanon's 1961 book ''Les Damnes de la terre'' ("The Wretched of the Earth") that for a Black man "to shoot down an European is to kill two birds with one stone, to destroy an oppressor and the man he oppresses at the same time.", which had been an update of Existentialism to include self-liberation through murder. He also implied that "for [Sartre], the ''essential problem'' is to reject the theory according to which the left ought not to answer violence with violence."<ref>Interview in ''France-Observateur'', 1 February 1962.</ref> This also led him to be responsible for the various terrorist acts in Africa during the 1960s to the present, including the genocidal policies of Africans onto other Africans. Similarly, he also had an influence on the Cambodian Revolution and the [[Khmer Rouge]]'s reign of terror, especially the crimes conducted by the Khmer Rouge's ruling class, the Angka Leu ("The Higher Organization), all of whom studied under Sartre as Communist Party members during the 1950s. Despite his communist ties, however, Helen Chaffee Biehl indicated that his overall philosophy demanded for absolute liberty for the individual, albeit not in the way the founding fathers believed in, and was one of four sources for the [[American Library Association]]'s radicalization.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/19980119060706/http://www.eagleforum.org/educate/1996/feb96/focus.html<br />"The fourth source [for the American Library Association's radicalization] is Jean-Paul Sartre, the French existentialist who was so fashionable in the 1940s. He held the absolute freedom of the individual to be the highest good and yet saw all values as relative. His idea that there are no rules by which we must govern our conduct dispenses handily with Madison's idea that the Ten Commandments are necessary for peaceful self-government."</ref>