PrP

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An image with PrP immunostained. Note how they move between neurons.

PrP, also known as the prion protein or PrPc, is a protein in the brain of most animals. The purpose of it is still debated today. Most scientists believe it has to do with cognition, the Circadian rhythm, or the immune system. Studies show that while they are semi-important in mice, they are not important in cows. It is currently unknown if they are important in humans, however it is likely they are due to the existence of fatal familial insomnia. PrP has prion isoforms called PrPres. Misfolding of PrP is the cause of all transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases. PrPres is highly resistant to protease digestion, radiation, and temperature. Heating to 2200 degrees Fahrenheit is the only known way to destroy them.

References

https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/2813193

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/prnp/