Ontonagon County, Michigan

Ontonagon County is a county located in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,816, making it one of the least populated counties in Michigan. The county seat is the village of Ontonagon, located along the Ontonagon River near Lake Superior. Ontonagon County is known for its vast wilderness, rich mining history, and recreational opportunities in the Porcupine Mountains.

History

Ontonagon County was established in 1843 and organized in 1852. The name "Ontonagon" comes from an Ojibwa word meaning "hunting river" or "dish," referring to the shape of the Ontonagon River's mouth. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Ojibwa, who relied on the river and surrounding forests for sustenance.

In the 19th century, Ontonagon County became a hub for copper mining, particularly in the Copper Country region. The county's mines attracted a diverse workforce, including immigrants from Finland, Italy, and other European nations. Logging also became an important industry, as the dense forests provided timber for construction and export. By the 20th century, mining and logging had declined, and tourism and outdoor recreation emerged as key economic drivers.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Ontonagon County has a total area of 3,741 square miles, of which 1,311 square miles is land and 2,430 square miles (65%) is water, making it the largest county in Michigan by total area. The county is located in the western Upper Peninsula and is bordered by:

Keweenaw County to the northeast
Houghton County to the east
Gogebic County to the south and west
Lake Superior to the north

Key geographic features of Ontonagon County include:

**Lake Superior**: The northern border of the county is defined by the shores of Lake Superior, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities.
**Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park**: One of Michigan’s largest state parks, known for its old-growth forests, waterfalls, and hiking trails.
**Ontonagon River**: A major river that flows through the county, historically important for transportation and logging.

Economy

Ontonagon County’s economy is based on tourism, forestry, and small-scale agriculture. Major sectors include:

**Tourism**: Visitors are drawn to the Porcupine Mountains, Lake Superior, and other natural attractions for hiking, fishing, skiing, and snowmobiling.
**Forestry**: Timber production remains an important part of the local economy, with sustainable logging practices supporting the industry.
**Agriculture**: While limited in scope, agriculture in the county includes dairy farming and the cultivation of hay and grains.
**Small Businesses**: The county relies on a mix of local businesses and services to support its economy, particularly in the village of Ontonagon.

Communities

Ontonagon County includes one incorporated village and several townships.

Ontonagon (village): The county seat and largest community, known for its historic downtown, waterfront views, and proximity to Lake Superior.

Townships

Ontonagon County is divided into 11 townships:

Bergland Township
Bohemia Township
Carp Lake Township
Greenland Township
Haight Township
Ironwood Township
Matchwood Township
McMillan Township
Ontonagon Township
Rockland Township
Stannard Township

Parks and Recreation

Ontonagon County offers numerous parks and recreational activities, including:

**Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park**: Known for its rugged terrain, waterfalls, and Lake of the Clouds, a popular scenic viewpoint.
**Lake Superior Shoreline**: Provides beaches, hiking trails, and opportunities for fishing and kayaking.
**Ontonagon County Park**: A local park with picnic facilities and access to the Ontonagon River.

Demographics

As of the 2020 census, Ontonagon County had a population of 5,816. The population is predominantly White, with smaller percentages of Native American, African American, and Hispanic residents. The county is largely rural, with most residents living in the village of Ontonagon or surrounding townships.

Education

Ontonagon County is served by the following school districts:

Higher education opportunities are limited, with nearby options including Gogebic Community College in Ironwood.

Transportation

Ontonagon County is served by several major highways:

U.S. Route 45: Runs north-south through the county, connecting Ontonagon to other communities in the Upper Peninsula.
M-64: A state highway providing access to the Lake Superior shoreline and neighboring counties.

Public transportation is limited, with most residents relying on private vehicles.

References

United States Census Bureau. "QuickFacts: Ontonagon County, Michigan."
Michigan Department of Natural Resources. "Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park."
Romig, Walter. Michigan Place Names. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986.