Megasthenes

Megasthenes was a Greek historian whose works only exist today in the form of fragments: being either quoted by other historians whose works have survived, or in the form of partial documents.

Below is the 'full text' as collected and compiled by I.P. Cory in his 1873 work The Ancient Fragments now in the public domain.

The Ancient Fragments - Megasthenes

from Abydenus

of Nebuchadnezzar

"Abydenus, in his history of the Assyrians, has preserved the following fragment of Megasthenes, who says: That Nabucodrosorus, having become more powerful than Hercules, invaded Libya and Iberia, and when he had rendered them tributary, he extended his conquests over the inhabitants of the shores upon the right of the sea. It is moreover related by the Chaldeans, that as he went up into his palace he was possessed by some god; and he cried out and said: "Oh! Babylonians, I Nabucodrosorus, fortel unto you a calamity which must shortly come to pass, which neither Belus my ancestor, nor his queen Beltis, have power to persuade the Fates to turn away. A Persian mule shall come, and by the assistance of your gods shall impose upon you the yoke of slavery: the author of which shall be a Mede, the foolish pride of Assyria. Before he should thus betray my subjects, Oh! that some sea or whirlpool might receive him, and his memory be blotted out for ever; or that he might be cast out to wander through some desert, where there are neither cities nor the trace of men, a solitary exile among rocks and caverns, where beats and birds alone abide. But for me, before he shall have conceived these mischiefs in his mind, a happier end will be provided."

"When he had thus prophesied, he expired: and was succeeded by his son Evilmaluruchus, who was slain by his kinsman Neriglisares: and Neriglisares left Labassoarascus his son: and when he also had suffered death by violence, they made Nabannidochus king, being no relation to the royal race; and in his reign Cyrus took Babylon, and granted him a principality in Carmania.

"As concerning the rebuilding of Babylon by Nabuchodonosor, he writes thus: It is said that from the beginning of all things where water, called the sea (Thalatth?): that Belus caused this state of things to cease, and appointed to each its proper place" and he surrounded Babylon with a wall: but in process of time this wall disappeared: and Nabuchodonosor walled it again, and it remained so with its brazen gates until the time of Macedonian conquest. And after other things he says: Nabuchodonosor having succeeded to the kingdom, built the walls of Babylon in a triple circuit in fifteen days; and he turned the river Armacale, a branch of the Euphrates and Acracanus: and above the city of Sippara he dug a receptacle for the waters, whose perimeter was forty parasangs, and whose depth was twenty cubits; and he placed gates at the entrance thereof, by opening which they irrigated the plains, and these they call Echetognomones (sluices:) and he constructed dykes against the irruptions of the Erythrean sea, and built the city of Teredon against the incursions of the Arabs; and he adorned the palace with trees, calling them hanging gardens.