===Fourier===
Early socialist Charles Fourier (1768-1830) attacked (classical) "liberal retrogression" (i.e, ''laissez faire'' capitalism) for what he called "monstrous actions, such as the admission of the Jews “parasitesto the rights of citizens" which, merchantshe wrote, introduce into society "parasites, unproductives." He added, "The Jewish nation is not civilised ... it devotes itself exclusively to traffic, to usury, and to mercantile depravity ... Every government having regard to good morals ought to repress the Jews," whom Fourier described as "all parasites, merchants, usurers;”, etc."<ref>Julia Franklin, transCharles Fourier (Tr.Julian H. Franklin), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=w2CgXn5jAm8C Selections from the works Works of Fourier]'' [S. Sonnenschein (Allen & co., lim.Unwin, 1901]), p. 96, n. 1. Cf. Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' [W. W. Norton & Company, 1999] ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> Fourier's disciple, Alphonse Toussenel, called Jews "the kings of the epoch," writing that "Europe is entailed to the domination of Israel. This universal domination, of which so many conquerors have dreamed, the Jews have in their hands."<ref>George Lichtheim, "Socialism and the Jews," [http://search.opinionarchives.com/Dissent_Web/DigitalArchive.aspx?panes=1&aid=01504314_1 ''Dissent'', Vol. 15, No. 4 (July 1968)], p. 320</ref> "[I]ndustrial feudalism"—as Toussenel called capitalism—"is personified in the cosmopolitan Jew."<ref>Jacob Katz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeH_uNpWbZAC From prejudice to destruction: anti-Semitism, 1700-1933]'' (Harvard University Press, 1980) ISBN 0674325079, p. 125</ref>
===Dühring===