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The '''Third Great Awakening''' was a period of religious activism in American history from the late 1850s to the 1900s. It energized [[pietistic]] or evangelical Protestant denominations<ref> The pietistic or "evangelical" denomonations stressed personal relations with Christ, while the rival [[liturgical]] denominations stressed formal observances.</ref> and generated a strong sense of social activism, known as the [[Social Gospel]]. It gathered strength from the [[postmillennial]] theology that the Second Coming of Christ would come after mankind had reformed the entire earth. The [[Social Gospel]] Movement gained its force from the Awakening, as did the worldwide missionary movement. New groupings emerged, such as the [[Pentecostalism]], [[Holiness Movement|Holiness]] and [[Church of the Nazarene|Nazarene]] movements.

The [[Gilded Age]] plutocracy came under harsh attack from the [[Social Gospel]] preachers and with reformers in the [[Progressive Era]]. Historian [[Robert Fogel]] identifies numerous reforms, especially the battles involving child labor, compulsory elementary education and the protection of women from exploitation in factories. <ref>Fogel p 108</ref> The most powerful force was a crusade for the prohibition of alcohol. The major pietistic Protestant denominations all sponsored growing missionary activities inside the United States and around the world. Colleges associated with denominations rapidly expanded in number, size and quality of curriculum. The [[YMCA]] became a force in many cities, as did denominational youth groups such as the [[Epworth League]] (Methodist) and the [[Walther League]] (Lutheran).

The [[Holiness Movement]] led to the formation of new denominations especually especially the [[Church of the Nazarene]] (1908) and the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) (1881).

Im (2000) compared the evangelistic method and results of the Third Great Awakening in America with the Korean revivals of 1884-1910. Many techniques of the Second and Third Great Awakenings were transposed from America to Europe, including the circuit-riding system of the Methodists, the Baptist farmer preachers, the campus revivals of the eastern seaboard, the camp meetings in the West, the new measures of [[Charles G. Finney]], the Layman's Prayer Revival, urban mass revivalism of [[D. L. Moody]], and the Student Volunteer Movement. Im discovered four areas of influence from a comparison and analysis of the two countries' revivals: the establishment of tradition, the adoption of similar emphases, the incorporation of evangelistic methodologies, and the observation of the results of the revivals. The American revivals had a major influence on the Korean revivals, and the American revival tradition and enthusiasm toward missions helped Korean Christians develop their own religious experience and tradition. This tradition has influenced Korean churches even into the 21st century.<ref> Im (2000)</ref>

* Dieter, Melvin Easterday. ''The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century'' Scarecrow Press, (1980). * Dorsett, Lyle W. ''Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America ''Eerdmans, (1991). * Dorsett, Lyle W. ''A Passion for Souls: The Life of D. L. Moody''. Moody Press, (1997).

* Hutchison, William R. ''Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions.'' University of Chicago Press, (1987). * Im, Chun Beh. "A Critical Investigation of the Influence of the Second Great Awakening and Nineteenth-Century Revival on Revivals in Korea (1884-1910)." PhD dissertation New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary 2000. 200 pp. &nbsp;Citation: DAI 2001 61(10): 4044-A. DA9991964

*Luker, Ralph E. "Liberal Theology and Social Conservatism: a Southern Tradition, 1840-1920." ''Church History'' v 10#2 1981. pp 193-207 193–207 p [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90772519 online edition]

* Marsden, George M. ''Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925'' Oxford University Press, (1980). very important history [http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.questia.com/library/book/fundamentalism-and-american-culture-the-shaping-of-twentieth-century-evangelicalism-1870-1925-by-george-m-marsden.jsp&ei=LQkQS8PvMMWNnQfSydHWAw&sa=X&oi=nshc&resnum=1&ct=result&cd=2&ved=0CBEQzgQoAQ&usg=AFQjCNGr1zFMUHXeoK0c3xp3adpCWdjhgw online edition] * McClymond, Michael, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America.'' (Greenwood, 2007). Vol. 1, A–Z: xxxii, 515 pp. &nbsp;Vol. 2, Primary Documents: xx, 663 pp. isbn 0-313-32828-5/set.)

* McLoughlin, William G. ''Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America, 1607-1977.'' University of Chicago Press, (1978). * Miller, Randall M., Harry S. Stout, and Charles Reagan . ''Religion and the American Civil War'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Religion-American-Civil-Randall-Miller/dp/0195121295/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1195465626&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.questia.com/read/78824365 complete edition online]

* Smith, Timothy L. ''Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War'' Abingdon Press, (1957). * Shenk, Wilbert R., ed. ''North American Foreign Missions, 1810-1914: Theology, Theory, and Policy'' (2004) 349pp important essays by scholars [http://www.amazon.com/North-American-Foreign-Missions-1810-1914/dp/0802824854/ref=sip_rech_dp_5 excerpt and text search]* Ward, W. R. ''The Protestant Evangelical Awakening'' (1992). [http://www.amazon.com/Protestant-Evangelical-Awakening-W-Ward/dp/0521892325/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1195465571&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]* Weisberger, Bernard A. ''They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact upon Religion in America'' (1958).

[[categoryCategory:United States History]][[categoryCategory:Christian History]]