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[[ImageFile:BdyteyMoses Ten Commandments by Rembrandt 1659.jpg|right|thumb|[[Moses]] with the Ten Commandments by Rembrandt (1659)]]The '''Ten Commandments,''' or the ''Decalogue,'' are a set of laws which were given to [[Moses]] by [[God]], as found in the books of [[Exodus]] and [[Deuteronomy]]. The biblical text of the Ten Commandments is differently divided according to [[denomination]]al [[tradition]]s. The [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] tradition traces back to the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Protestant tradition traces back to the 16th century [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]].

There are Catholic and Orthodox Ten Commandments<ref>The English translation of the [[Alleged Septuagint]] by Sir Lancelot L.C. Brenton (in the public domain) is quoted here. Both lists of the commandments in the Septuagint have the same sequence: Exodus 20:2-17 and Deuteronomy 5:6-21. However, the [[Douay-Rheims|Douay-Rheims Bible contradictions]] translation of the [[Vulgate|two versionsLatin Vulgate]]from [[Jerome]]'s translation of the Hebrew text, generally similar but somewhat different in wording: agrees with the [[ExodusKing James Version]] in showing the same differences in sequence between the texts of Exodus 20:2-17and Deuteronomy 5:21. The traditional Catholic and Orthodox teaching of the sequential division of the Ten Commandments is consistently according to the text of Deuteronomy instead of the text of Exodus emphasized by Protestant teaching. Italics in the English text have been inserted by the translator for the same reason as the King James translators inserted italics, to clarify the meaning and to indicate that they are not part of the original text.</ref>[http://www1.biblegatewayI am the Lord thy God, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.com/passage/?search=exodus%2020Thou shalt have no other gods beside me. Thou shalt not make to thyself an idol, nor likeness of anything, whatever things are in the heaven above, and whatever are in the earth beneath, and whatever are in the waters under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down to them, nor serve them; for I am the Lord thy God, a jealous God, recompensing the sins of the fathers upon the children, to the third and fourth generation to them that hate me, and bestowing mercy on them that love me to thousands ''of them'', and on them that keep my commandments. :2-17&version=9 Exodus 20. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord thy God will not acquit him that takes his name in vain. :2-17 (KJV)]3. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days thou shalt labour, and shalt perform all thy work. But on the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God; on it thou shalt do no work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy servant nor thy maidservant, thine ox nor thine ass, nor any cattle of thine, nor the stranger that sojourns with thee. For in six days the Lord made the heaven and the earth, and the sea and all things in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it. :4. Honour thy father and thy mother, that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest live long on the good land, which the Lord thy God gives to thee. :5. Thou shalt not commit adultery. :6. Thou shalt not steal. :7. Thou shalt not kill.</ref> Catholic and Orthodox traditional understanding of this commandment interprets the intent of it as against the destruction of ''innocent'' human life, as distinct from [[Deuteronomycapital punishment]] 5:6-21of the guilty and the conduct of righteous or [[Just War Theory|just war]] against pagan idolaters in the promised land and aggressive invaders and oppressors, which was permitted and even commanded under the law of Moses.</ref>[http://www8.biblegatewayThou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.com/passage/?search=deuteronomy%205:6-21;&version=9. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife; Deuteronomy 5:6-21 (KJV)]10. thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house; nor his field, nor his servant, nor his maid, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any of his cattle, nor whatever belongs to thy neighbor.</ref>. The version 9th and 10th commandments. As in Deuteronomy adds the detail book of Moses saying that [[Yahweh|God]] "delivered unto me two tables of stone written with Deuteronomy, a distinction is made between the finger neighbor's wife and the neighbor's property. This influenced Orthodox and Catholic doctrine regarding the dignity of Godwomen and wives." (KJV)</ref>

Protestant Ten Commandments<ref>The [[King James Bible itself refers |King James Version]] is quoted here.</ref>:1. I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. :2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to there being them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. :3. Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. :4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. :5. Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. :6. Thou shalt not murder.<ref>The word "murder" has been inserted here in place of the original King James Version "kill". The Hebrew term, ''tenratsach'' commandments" , can mean to kill, slay or to murder.</ref>:7. Thou shalt not commit [[adultery]]. :8. Thou shalt not steal. :9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. :10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's.<ref>Wives are regarded as property, in the same category as houses, land, slaves, beasts, and personal and household articles and furniture, including clothing and jewelry. This influenced Protestant doctrine regarding the dignity of women and wives.</ref>.== Background ==There are [[Alleged Bible contradictions|two versions]], generally similar but somewhat different in wording: [[Exodus 34]] 20:282-17<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=exodus%20342020:102-28;17&version=9; Exodus 3420:102-28 17 (KJV)]</ref> and [[Deuteronomy 4]] 5:136-21.<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=deuteronomy%204205:136-21;&version=9; Deuteronomy 45:13 6-21 (KJV)]</ref>, but it is not clear how to parcel out the fifteen or sixteen verses into ten commandments, and different religious groups have done this The version in different ways. For example, Deuteronomy adds the detail of Moses saying that [[Yahweh|God]] "Thou shalt have no other gods before me" and "Thou shalt not make delivered unto thee any graven imageme two tables of stone written with the finger of God." (KJV - see below) are sometimes considered to be two different commandments and sometimes as two parts of the same commandment.

[[Protestantism|Protestant]]s assign the Fifth Commandment The Bible itself refers to there being "honor thy father and thy mother,''ten'' commandments" but in Exodus 34:28<ref>[[Catholic]] texts this is the Fourth Commandmenthttp://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=exodus%2034:10-28;&version=9; Exodus 34:10-28 (KJV)]</ref>An atheistic website provides a comparison among faiths with respect to the Ten Commandments, and many sourcesDeuteronomy 4: 13,<ref>[http://www.positiveatheismbiblegateway.orgcom/crtpassage/whichcom.htm?search=deuteronomy%204:13;&version=9; Deuteronomy 4:13 (KJV)]</ref> The Jewish tradition but it is not clear how to call that requirement parcel out the Fifth Commandmentfifteen or sixteen verses into ten commandments, and different religious groups have done this in different ways.

However, as Jewish people would also recognize, the ''The [[TorahProtestant]]''Ten Commandments, or stressing their opposition to statues, contain "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image" as the 2nd commandment. The [[LawCatholic]] (the first five books Ten Commandments include it as part of the Old Testament) actually contains not ten, but first commandment against having other [[Mosaic LawIdolatry|613 positive and negative commandmentsgods]], and divide "Thou shalt not covet" into ". Thus..thy neighbor's wife" (9th) the wife having far more dignity than mere ''property'' (chattal), when [[Jesus]] is asked and "...thy neighbor's goods" (at [[Matthew]] 22:34-3610th) which is the greatest commandment in are property.<ref>An atheistic website provides a comparison among faiths with respect to the LawTen Commandments, he picks two of the other 603and many sources: 'You shall love the Lord http://www.positiveatheism.org/crt/whichcom.htm</ref>:"Thou shalt not covet thy God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strengthneighbor' (Deuteronomy 6s wife:5) and :"nor 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself' his'' house, nor his field, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is his." (Deuteronomy 5:21, [[LeviticusDouay-Rheims Bible]] 19:18).

== Text of the The [[Jewish]] Ten Commandments (King James Versioncontain "I am the Lord thy God, who brought thee out of the land of [[Egypt]], out of the house of [[slavery]]" as the 1st commandment, with their 2nd commandment combining the first two Protestant commandments "Thou shalt have no other gods before me: thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image...thou shalt not bow down thyself to them", and their listing of the remainder of their ten follows the Protestant listing, KJV) ==making wives property.<ref>Ibid. http://www.positiveatheism.org/crt/whichcom.htm</ref>

#I am However, as Jewish people would also recognize, the LORD thy God''[[Torah]]'', which have brought thee out of or [[Law]] (the land of Egypt, out first five books of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. #Thou shalt Old Testament) actually contains not make unto thee any graven imageten, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven abovebut [[Mosaic Law|613 positive and negative commandments]]. Thus, or that when [[Jesus]] is asked (at [[Matthew]] 22:34-36) which is in the earth beneath, or that is greatest commandment in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to themLaw, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity he picks two of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that other 603: 'You shall love me, and keep my commandments. #Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD Lord thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. #Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, with all your heart and do with all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, your soul and with all that in them is, and rested the seventh dayyour strength' (Deuteronomy 6: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, 5) and hallowed it. #Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. #Thou shalt not kill. <ref>(The Hebrew term, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself'ratsach'', can mean to kill, slay or to murder)</ref>#Thou shalt not commit ([[adulteryLeviticus]]. #Thou shalt not steal. #Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. #Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's19:18).

In several controversies over the legality of displaying the Ten Commandments on government property, and especially outside courthouses, the influence of the Ten Commandments on US law (and western law in general) becomes relevant as proponents of the displays argue that these commandments form part of the foundation of the US legal system.

# Past state laws have enforced the [[sabbath]] by forbidding various activities, such as the sale of specific goods, on Sundays. These, however, are all almost now repealed or struck down. Closure of shops on Sundays is by convention, but not legally enforced. However, some states still restrict the sale of alcohol on Sundays. The seven-day week, however, is accepted world-wideworldwide, and most people observe at least one day free from work.# No law enforces the commandment about honoring parents, and it is doubtful that it could be enforced. Liberals are currently attempting to undermine this commandment, by trying to make [[disciplining ]] children illegal. In contrast, the Bible tells us the correct way to bring up a child and teach him to respect his parents: '''"He who spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is careful to discipline him."''' (Proverbs 13:24)

# Criminal laws against adultery<ref>[http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?000+cod+18.2-365 Virginia Code § 18.2-365]</ref> are largely unenforced and of doubtful enforceability, but a showing of adultery will influence civil [[divorce]] proceedings and affect the distribution of assets. Jesus clarified the definition of adultery, for instance in Matthew 8:27-32, to include remarriage after divorce in most cases. Until recently, it was difficult to get a divorce in most states other than Nevada outlawed divorce for this reason; previously one had to prove fault with one's spouse, but since the 1950s that has changed in every state except [[New York]]. Today most all states and many Christian denominations define adultery by the modern English definition<ref>adultery, n.Second edition, 1989; online version November 2010. <http://www.oed.com:80/Entry/2845>; accessed 21 December 2010. Earlier version first published in a narrow way New English Dictionary, 1884.</ref> to allow remarriage after divorce, contrary to Jesus' law. Many Christians believe that this commandment, which forbids adultery,<ref>"voluntary sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife or by a married woman with another than her husband"&mdash;Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, Unabridged, 1934</ref> also forbids fornication.<ref>"illicit sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to adultery" [op. cit.]</ref># The commandment against stealing is enforced by U.S. law.See also: [[Atheism and stealing]]

In recent years, [[liberal]] attorneys and judges have opposed the display of the Ten Commandments on public property by exploiting the judicial system. They frequently cite the U.SObama appointment, Judge Michael F. ConstitutionUrbanski, specifically put forward the First Amendmentridiculous idea of censoring the Ten Commandments by removing the first four to render them more secular.<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/stories/judge-suggests-stripping-10-commandments-down-to-6-to-remove-religious-elements-in-aclu-led-lawsuit/<blockquote/ref><ref>http://www.roanoke.com/news/roanoke/wb/308501</ref> "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religionThe [[ACLU]], or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble[[Freedom From Religion Foundation]], and other liberal organizations regularly file lawsuits in an attempt to petition censor the Government for a redress display of grievancesthe Ten Commandments."</blockquote>

However, prominent conservative Ann Coulter has rejected this approach, arguing that her gaping vagina swallows up any resistance to her way of thinking. A study by the Pew Report concluded that 79% of liberal opponents that attempted to debate Coulter were indeed swallowed whole, slowly digested, and used as dietary sustenance to fuel more borderline insane conservative rants.^{[citation needed]} In 2003, [[Alabama]] Supreme Court chief justice [[Roy Moore]] was removed from office because he refused after refusing a court order to take down remove a copy statue of the Ten Commandments in his office. Apparently, mental difficulties made it impossible for him to remember a basic list from the central rotunda of outdated moral guidelines, but the filthy liberal Jew-loving scum currently controlling Alabama attacked this great man's expression of his faith in the One True Lord Jesus ChristSupreme Court Building.<ref>http://www.al.com/specialreport/?111303moore.html</ref>

''The Ten Commandments'' is also the title of a famous 1956 motion picture, produced and directed by [[Cecil B. DeMille]] and released by Paramount Pictures, starring [[Charlton Heston]] as Moses. It tells the story of Moses essentially as told in the Book of Exodus, with a few changes.

As publicity for the film, and in conjunction with a project of the [[Fraternal Order of Eagles]], Paramount helped finance the placement of hundreds of stone tablets engraved with the Ten Commandments. These were placed at courthouse squares, at city halls and in public parks, and became a controversyclaimed by liberals and atheists, particularly in recent years, as to whether they violate the claimed separation of Church and State<ref>''Ten Commandments Monoliths'', from the [March 2002 issue of ''Eagle Magazine'' http://www.foe.com/tencommandments/mar_2002_ten_commandments.html]</ref>

==NotesSee also==* [[Essay: Christians and the Law of Moses]]==References==

{{Ten Commandments}} [[Category:JudaismReligion]][[Category:Virtues]]