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St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) was a [[Dominican]] monk who that wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of Christian theology, and he established an entire type of Christian philosophy known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of Aristotlean philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity. He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "[[God]]".
St. Thomas Aquinas' views on the nature of man included an incomplete interpretation of the Fall of Man. He believed that while men had rebelled against [[God]] and the human will was fallen, the human intellect remained perfect. Therefore, human wisdom could be relied upon and given as much prominence as the teachings of the [[Bible]]. This idea justified mixing the works of the classical, secular philosophers into Christian theology. Also as a result, the authority of the Church became as important, if not more so, than that of the [[Bible]]. These ideas set the stage for humanism, which was the predominant philosophy of the [[Renaissance]].
