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| name=R.M.S. ''Titanic''

| flag=[[Image:Government Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|22pxx20px]] flag-caption=Merchant Navy (UK - RNR)

| built=Harland & Wolff, Shipyard<br/>[[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]]| authorized=July 31, 1908| keellaid=March 22, 1909| launched=1912May 31, 1911

| status=Sunkafter iceberg collision<br>April 1415, 1912| type=LinerOcean liner<br/>''Olympic''-class

| length=882.75 &nbsp;ft.| beam=92.5 &nbsp;ft.| draft=34 &nbsp;ft. 7 in.

}}'''[[R.M.S. ]] ''Titanic''''' was a luxury passenger liner which sank after striking an iceberg on the night of April 14, 1912, while on its maiden voyage from [[Southampton]], [[England]], to [[New York City]], dieing resulting in the deaths of 1,517 from passengers and crew. The men allowed women and children to go first in filling the lifeboats. This disaster has been the subject of films, plays, literature, and scientific scrutiny.

''Titanic'' was built to sail the highly-competitive North [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] route by White Star Line. Its chief competitor was Cunard, whose vessels recently garnered attention for their speed and luxury. Designed and built by the Belfast firm Harland and Wolff, ''Titanic'' was at the time of her launch and outfitting the largest ship afloat: its gross tonnage was 46,329 tons, and displaced 66,000 tons fully-laden; it was 882.5 feet long and 92.5 feet across the beam. For safety it was built with a double-bottom hull, which was further divided into sixteen watertight compartments, which would not affect the ship's stability if four were flooded.

 [[British]] merchant vessels normally fly the Red Ensign. However, as the captain and at least 12 crew were members of the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR), a special warrant was issued to fly the Blue Ensign.<ref>http://www.nava.org/Flag%20Information/articles/Titantic/titanic.htm</ref>.

''Titanic'' left Southampton on April 10, 1912, picking up additional passengers at Cherbourg, [[France]]As the lifeboats disembarked, the bow continued filling with water and Queenstown (now Cobh), [[Ireland]], before heading out into the [[Atlantic]]. At 11:40 pm on April 14, stern of the ship was about 400 miles south slowly lifted out of Newfoundland when it collided with an iceberg, rupturing six watertight compartments on the starboard side, resulting water. Witnesses in flooding of lifeboats recalled seeing the bow, and eventually flooding each watertight compartment aft until stern lift to almost a 45-degree angle above the ship broke apart at water before snapping in two between the surface third and fourth funnels and sank sinking at 2:20 am on April 15. The 706 survivors were rescued by the Cunard liner ''Carpathia'', which was more than 50 miles away when it first heard the distress calls; she arrived some eighty minutes after the ''Titanic'' went down.

Several Third-class passengers accounted for the bulk of the wealthiest and most prominent persons in dead. Due to the world size of the ship, many steerage passengers were unable to reach the deck to board lifeboats. There were also reports that crew members actively prevented steerage passengers on from reaching the Titanic for its prestigious maiden voyagedeck. To their creditAccordingly, they voluntarily went down with death rates clearly differ between class. Evey child traveling in first class survived the ship and died rather than take a spot on a lifeboat from otherssinking, while only 34 percent of third-class children did. Two percent of first-class females drowned, while over half of third-class women did not survive.<ref>http://www.anesi.com/titanic.htm</ref>

A full passenger list is available that highlights who survived and who did not. <ref>http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whoweare/exhibits/titanic/p2.htm</ref>

Prominent Americans who went down with the ship included Mr. [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], of the family that donated the Guggenheim [[Museum of Modern Art ]] in New York City, Major Archibald Butt, a military aide to [[President Taft]], and Colonel J. J. Astor, whose great grandfather was the wealthiest American prior to the [[Civil War]]. Colonel J. J. Astor was an inventor and science fiction writer who helped build three great hotels in New York City: the Astoria (now the Waldorf-Astoria), the Knickerbocker, and the St. Regis. <ref> [httphttps://www.britannica.com/titanic/astor.html Astor] </ref>

The watertight compartments were designed without capping at the top; water filling the six ruptured compartments pulled the bow of the ship down far enough that water spilled over the top of the next compartment in line. ''Titanic'' also had 16 standard lifeboats and 4 collapsibles, with enough combined space to carry 1,178 passengers, far short of the 2,224 persons aboard; many of the lifeboats were lowered down the side only partialy partially filled with passengers (many of those remaining onboard on board initially believed the ship to be "unsinkable"). Although the number of lifeboats was determined to be inadequate, <ref>http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepRec.php#a2</ref> the Titanic had in actuality exceeded the British Board of Trade's lifeboat regulations, which had been written down for much smaller ships.

Of Inquiries also revealed a fatal design flaw in the passengers who went into the watership's vaunted watertight compartments. The compartments were essentially cubical, only so required watertight seals on all six were pulled out alive, and only by efforts of surviving officers sides in several boats going through a sea of bodiesorder to remain watertight. Hypothermia killed However, the remaindercompartments were open at the top, which meant that as one compartment flooded, it would spill over into the water was about 29 degrees Farenheit. Many of those who perished came from wealthynext, filling that up, prominent families in [[Europe]] and [[America]]so on, among them the heirs to the Straus fortune and the owners of Macy's department store in New York Citymuch as one might fill an ice cube tray. The disaster ship was also had its heroes, such as the ship's band assembled on the stern in order designed to keep remaining passengers calm; and be able to stay afloat with any five compartments flooded. The iceberg ruptured the "Unsinkable" Molly Brownfirst six compartments, who forcibly took essentially dooming the tiller away from a rowboat crewman and forced everyone in her lifeboat to go back for people in the watership. <ref>http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic_victims/</ref><ref>http://www.encyclopediatitanic-titanicatitanic.orgcom/manifesttitanic_watertight_compartments.php?q=5shtml</ref>

As a result Both inquiries also determined that part of the blame for the high loss of passengers rested with Captain Stanley Lord of the liner ''TitanicCalifornian'', in 1913 the first International Convention which was stopped for Safety of Life at Sea was opened in London, England. Among the rules drawn up were requirements night by an ice field some twenty miles from ''Titanic''. The board members alleged that each voyage hold lifeboat drills; that every ship ''Californian'' could have lifeboat space for each person onboard; and ships maintain a 24-hour aided ''Titanic'' had its radio watch. The International Ice Patrol was also created to keep watch operator been on North Atlantic sea lanes duty after 11:00 pm, and give ships adequate warnings of icebergs foundable to hear its distress signals. The United States Congress also passed the Wireless Ship Act in 1912; Indeed, it stipulated was determined that all vessels carrying more than 50 people and traveling more than two hundred miles off officers on the coast carry a wireless capable bridge of at least the ''Californian'' had seen distress lights from what they considered to be a 100-mile range"large passenger steamer", keeping under observation until the lights vanished after 2:00 am, but doing nothing further than that.<ref>http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepCalifornian.php</ref>

==Another theory involved a pre-existing coal fire which erupted aboard ''Titanic'' found==; the Titanic's speed was due to its attempts to use the fiery coal before it ran out; the routing through the icebergs was due to concern that the coal would run out before reaching port (leaving Titanic stranded at sea, a potentially embarrassing event for its maiden voyage). The coal fire, though, purportedly weakened the structure, causing the ship to split open (whereas, had there been no coal fire, it may not have sunk).

Books and novels have been written about the ''The Titanicsinking was also eerily foreshadowed in an 1898 novel by Morgan Robertson, entitled '' ever since its infamous sinking. The most well-known Wreck of these novels is the Titan.''[[A Night to Remember]]''. In 1997the novel, director James Cameron produced a large, luxurious and "unsinkable" ocean liner called the highest-grossing film in history, ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]Titan''. However, this film is inaccurate strikes an iceberg in several areas. For one thing, it depicted the men on board as cowardlyNorth Atlantic. In real lifeThe ship is carrying too few lifeboats, most of them willingly stood aside while so many passengers drown or freeze in the women and children got into the lifeboatsocean. In <ref>http://www.titanic-titanic.com/wreck_of_the_titan_1.shtml</ref> The book is noted for its many similarities to the filmTitanic, they had to be held back at gunpointincluding the name, and two were killed. It also showed an officer shooting himself in the head to avoid freezing to death. It also depicts Captain Edward Smith dying maiden voyage in the wheel room. This also is inaccurateApril, because several survivor accounts actually mention him swimming in the watericeberg collision, encouraging those clinging to a nearby capsized lifeboat before drowning. “My Heart Will Go On” is the famed Titanic songnautical position of the sinking (400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland) and the lack of lifeboats. 

The three "Olympic- class" ocean liners were made on Belfast Ship Yards in [[Belfast]], Northern [[Ireland]] for The White Star Line. RMS Olympic was the only ship of this line of vessels which had not sunk and which was eventually dismantled in 1935.

==Video links==*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFrDhpzigug Only existing film of ''Titanic'' before sinking]*[Categoryhttps:History//www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUNfjnbGdYI&feature=related Film taken onboard RMS ''Olympic'', showing ''Titanic's'' captain E.J. Smith]*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEYqxTRQS-4&feature=related Film of SS ''Mackay Bennett arriving in Halifax harbor bearing bodies recovered from ''Titanic'' disaster]*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQw5RglP5KA&feature=related ''Carpathia'' arriving in New York with survivors]*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjgp7-H-45A&NR=1 ''Titanic'' survivors, 1950's] {{DEFAULTSORT:Titanic, RMS}}