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[[Image:Tulips White House.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A public domain [[image]] of the [[White House]] ]]A work is in the '''public domain''' if nobody holds any [[intellectual property]] [[rights]] on it. Works that are in the public domain can be freely copied.

Under longstanding precedent Two examples of material in the public domain are [[United States]][[government]] works, once a work and writings for which their copyright has expired. Work created by the federal government is in the public domain, it may (but not be taken out work created by state of local governments). Expired works in the public domainin the United States, beginning January 1, 2023, include everything first published or released there prior to before January 1, 1928.<ref>''See'' ''[[Golan v. Gonzales]]'' Laws vary by country, 501 Fbut in most of the world, works whose authors died at least 50, 70, or 100 years ago are in the public domain.3d 1179 (10th CirThe 1928 cut-off date applies only to the U. 2007)S.</ref>This means foreign works first published before 1928 are in the public domain in the U.S., but may still be copyrighted outside the U.S.; The claim that "pre-1928 works are in the public domain" is correct only for published works; unpublished works are under federal copyright for at least the life of the author plus 70 years.)

Two examples of [[Fair use]] is not needed when copying material that is in the public domain are because there is no copyright holder. However, physical access to the works may be controlled by a [[United Statesmuseum]] [[government]] works (technically that makes users promise not to make any reproductions. Texts and images published in the copyright is held collectively by U.S. before January 1, 1928 are in the American public)domain. (Because of legislation passed in 1998, and writings for which their no new works fell into the public domain until 2022, when the copyright has in works published in 1926 expired. In the United States2020, anything works published before 1923 no longer has copyright protection and is in 1924 expired, and so on. For works published after 1977, if the public domainwork was written by a single author, the copyright will not expire until 70 years after the author’s death.<ref>[http://wwwfairuse.copyright.cornellstanford.edu/trainingoverview/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm public-domain/welcome/ Welcome to the Public Domain.]</ref> Laws vary by country) Before the Copyright Act of 1976, but copyright expired after 28 years and had to be renewed for an additional 28-year term; items published prior to 1964 that were not renewed are in most the public domain.<ref>For a list of renewals see the world, works whose authors died Project Gutenberg collections at least 50[http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=11800], 70which cover everything except music.</ref> Items that were published in the USA before 1989 without a copyright notice are, with a few exceptions, in the public domain. Works originally published in the U.S. after 2002 (with or 100 years ago without copyright notice or registration) are protected until 70 years after the author's death.<ref>[http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States.]</ref><ref>[http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/public domain-d.htm WHEN U.S. WORKS PASS INTO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.]</ref>

[[Fair use]] is not needed when copying material that is in Through the public domain because there ''Berne Convention Implementation Act'', (effective March 1, 1989) copyright is automatic; no copyright holder. However, but physical access registration is needed and it is not necessary to the works may be controlled by display a museum that makes users promise not © notice to make any reproductionsbe copyright protected.<ref>[http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-definitions.html Definitions. Texts and images published in the U.S. before January 1, 1923 are in the public domainCopyright Office. Work created by the federal government is in the public domain ]</ref> A very useful chart (but not work created by state substitute 1928 for 1923, as of local governments)Jan. Before 1976 1, 2023): [http://copyright expired after 28 years .cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm Copyright Term and had to be renewed; items that were not renewed are the Public Domain in the public domainUnited States.] by Peter B. Hirtle. (Last updated 3 January 2014). Cornell Copyright Information Center <ref> For a list of renewals see the Project Gutenberg collections at [http://onlinebookswww.librarycopyright.upenncornell.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=11800], which cover ererything except musicCornell Copyright Information Center.]</ref> Items that were published in  [[File:Copyrights PD US table.png]] A chart of the USA but never copyright in durations of US works, by Jappalang.  On 1 March 1989, the first place are in U.S. Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 was enacted, and the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, making the United States a party to the Berne Convention. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives passed legislation to bring United States laws into conformity with the Bern treaty. [http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/summary_berne.html Summary of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.] In the United States, determining whether a work has entered the public domain or is still under copyright can be quite complex, primarily because copyright terms have been extended multiple times and in different ways—shifting over the USA. Items posted course of the 20th century from a fixed-term based on web servers in first publication, with a possible renewal term, to a term extending to fifty, then seventy, years after the Udeath of the author.S[http://www. are covered only by American lawcopyright.gov/circs/circ01.pdf US Copyright Office, Copyright Basics.]

* [https://publicdomainreview.org/ The Public Domain Review]*[http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html How Can I Tell Whether a Book Can Go Online?] Guidance from the University of Pennsylvania Online Books project.*[http://englishhistory.net/tudor/art.html FAIR USE - PUBLIC DOMAIN]An introduction to copyright terms and a discussion of Bridgeman vs Corel. *[http://www.copyright4yhwh.cornell.edu/public_domaincom/ Summary menu.htm#Ongoing Ongoing list of books in the public domain]* [http://nwc-scriptorium.org/copyright.html US Copyright Laws; a summary.]*[http://www.quotedstatementsunc.edu/~unclng/public-d.htm WHEN U.S. WORKS PASS INTO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.]* [https://sites.utexas.edu/openaccess/2021/01/04/public-domain-for-2021/ Public Domain for 2021]* [https://picryl.com/#Ongoing Ongoing list Superb, growing resource of books in the public domainimages]