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Neoconservatism

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[[File:Anti-Putinism and neoconservativism.PNG|right|400px|thumb|[[Essay: Vladimir Putin is a corrupt kleptocrat and an authoritarian|Anti-Putinism]] is a neoconservative movement aimed at [[demonizing]] the Russian leader and promoting the interests of [[Globohomo]] and the [[Uniparty]].<ref>[https://thegrayzone.com/2023/08/21/neocon-dark-money-ad-blitz-ukraine-forever-war/ Neocon dark money front launches desperate ad blitz as support for Ukraine forever war craters], Alexander Rubinstein, ''The Greyzone'', August 21, 2023.</ref>]]A '''neoconservative''' (also spelled "neo-conservative"; colloquially, '''''neocon''''') in American politics is someone presented as a "[[conservative]] " but who actually favors [[big government]], interventionalism[[globalism]], [[interventionism]], [[perpetual war]], [[police state]], [[gun control]], and a hostility to [[Religion and U.S. Government|religion in politics and government]]. The word means "newly conservative," and thus formerly [[liberal]]. A neocon is a -promoted [[RINO BackerBritish]], and like RINOs does not accept most of the important principles rock band [[Rolling Stones]] released a vulgar song in the Republican Party platform. 2005 criticizing neocons, entitled ''Sweet Neo Con'''Neocons do not participate , in which the clueless Brits falsely confuse neocons with [[March for LifeChristian]], stand up for traditional marriage, advocate other [[conservative]] social values, or emphasizing putting [[America First|America first]]'''''s. Neocons support attacking and even overthrowing foreign governments, despite how that often results in more persecution of Christians<ref>https://www. Some neocons (like [[Dick Cheney]]) have profited immensely from the military-industrial complexazlyrics.com/lyrics/rollingstones/sweetneocon.html</ref>
The centerpiece of "Neoconservative" means "newly conservative," and thus previously self-interested or [[liberal]]. A quip by neocon strategy co-founder Irving Kristol was to invade in that a neocon is a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''. A neocon is typically pro-[[IraqDeep State]], which left and a predictable vacuum that resulted [[RINO Backer]], and like [[RINO]]s, does not accept most of the important principles in the murder of many [[ChristianRepublican Party]]s there platform. Neocons do not emphasize putting [[America First|America first]]. Neocons support attacking and the rise even overthrowing foreign governments, despite how that often results in more persecution of [[ISISChristians]]. During Some neocons (like [[Dick Cheney]]) have profited immensely from the presidential Republican primaries in 2016[[military-industrial complex]] and their pro-war positions, and his daughter Rep. [[Liz Cheney]] (R-WY) benefits from that neocon fortune while ranting against [[America First]] leaders like [[Donald Trump]] humiliated the . Many neocons' insistence on the Iraq War, exposed the neocon claim of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq as a lie, are [[globalist]]s and routed support the neocon-supported [[Marco RubioWar on Sovereignty]] in his home state of Florida by a wide margin. [[Fox News]] promotes neocons.
Many neocons focus on the Middle East, often invoking [[BritishIsrael]] rock star Mick Jagger released as a vulgar song criticizing justification for endless war, when in fact, the neocons entitled "My Sweet Neocontrue central justification is to protect the Saudi regime and the [[petrodollar]]. They also favor arming terrorist organizations such as [[al-Qaeda]] and [[ISIS]] in order to achieve their foreign policy goals. The centerpiece of neocon strategy was to invade [[Iraq]]," but he ineptly confused neocons with which left a predictable vacuum that resulted in the murder of many [[Christian]] Right: "You call yourself s there, as well as the rise of [[ISIS]]. During the presidential Republican primaries in 2016, [[Donald Trump]] humiliated the neocons' insistence on the Iraq War, exposed the neocon claim of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq as a Christian ..lie, and routed the neocon-supported [[Marco Rubio]] in his home state of Florida by a wide margin.Despite this, the [[mainstream media]] continues to treat neocons as "experts."<ref>httpCarlson, Tucker (February 15, 2019). [https://www.metrolyricstheamericanconservative.com/sweetarticles/why-neoare-conthese-lyricsprofessional-rollingwar-stonespeddlers-still-around-tucker-carlson-max-boot-bill-kristol/ Why Are These Professional War Peddlers Still Around?] ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved February 15, 2019.html</ref>
==Description==
Many older neocons had been liberals in their youth and admired President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], while younger neocons are more economically conservative than Roosevelt but like to downplay the social issues. In 2010 the highest priority of the neoconservatives was to increase military action by the [[United States]] in the [[Middle East]] and [[Afghanistan]], and to expand it to an American confrontation against [[Iran]]; in 2011 their goals include supporting a military attack on [[Libya]], continuing the [[Afghanistan War]] indefinitely, and even suggesting military action against [[Syria]]. There is a revolving door between some neocons and highly paid positions in the defense industry, which may explain the constant neoconservative demands for more wars.
In the European nations of [[Britain]] and [[France]], neoconservatives globalists dominate "right"-leaning politicsand are sometimes referred to as "neocon, but " although European globalists tend to be more Eurocentric than Amerocentric. Preserving American [[Imperialism]] in the post-Cold War [[unipolar]] order is the basis of the neocon movement. In the United States neocons are less influential than the [[conservative movement]]. For example, neocons begrudgingly supported [[Mitt Romney]] as the Republican nominee for [[Presidential Election 2012|President in 2012]], even though he was not their first choice and Romney has never supported the neocon agenda.
Neoconservatives tend to oppose the appointment of social conservatives to high governmental positions, such as nomination to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. Neoconservatives support candidates who are liberal on social issues instead.
Neoconservatives favor expensive foreign interventionalism interventionism with massive federal spending, often to replace a dictator with a new system of government that may be worse. Sometimes this is expressed as a desire to install a democracy in a culture that may be incompatible with it. The neoconservative position was discredited in the failure of democracy in the Iranian elections of 2009.
The neoconservative movement emerged in the mid -1970s, played a limited role in the [[Ronald Reagan]] Administration, and then had a voice in the Defense Department under the [[George W. Bush]] Administration after [[9/11]]. Candidates favored Neoconservatives were prominent in the Bush Administration by neoconservatives for supporting an interventionist domestic policy they called "[[presidential election 2012|president in 2012]] include [[Newt Gingrichcompassionate conservatism]]" and a strong foreign policy, and especially favored the [[Mike Huckabee]], [[Mike PenceOperation Iraqi Freedom|Iraq War]] and, its efforts to a lesser extent because she pulls support away from those candidates, [[Sarah Palin]]spread democracy worldwide.
Some prominent spokesmen include [[Bill Kristol]], [[Paul Wolfowitz]], [[Lewis Libby]], [[Norman Podhoretz]], [[Charles Krauthammer]], [[Richard Perle]], [[Robert Kagan]], [[Christopher Hitchens]], [[Bernard Lewis]], [[Stephen Schwartz]], Elliott Abrams, Ben Wattenberg and Carl Gershman.
In contrast to traditional conservatives, neoconservatives favor [[globalism]], downplay religious issues and differences, are unlikely to actively oppose [[abortion]] and [[homosexuality]]. Neocons disagree with [[conservatives]] on issues such as classroom prayer, the [[separation of powers]], cultural unity, and [[immigration]]. Neocons favor a strong active state in world affairs.
On foreign policy, neoconservatives believe that democracy can and should be installed by the [[United States]] around the world, even in Muslim countries such as [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], and [[Saudi ArabiaSyria]]. Neoconservatives were prominent in the [[George W. Bush]] administration by supporting an interventionist domestic policy they called 'compassionate conservatism' and a strong foreign policy, and especially favored the [[Operation Iraqi Freedom|Iraq War]] and its efforts to spread democracy worldwide.
==Dual origins==
[[Image:Kris.gif|thumb|right|Irving Kristol was dubbed by many as "the Godfather" of Neo-conservatism]]
One major strand of Neoconservatism emerged from a group of New York intellectuals, many of whom attended City College of New York in the late 1930s, a group that includes [[Irving Kristol]], Daniel Bell, [[Seymour Martin Lipset]] and [[Nathan Glazer]].<ref>[httphttps://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521836565/ref=sr_1_3/102-2076504-6567320?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1175142752&sr=8-3 The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy, Murray Friedman, 2005]</ref> Many of this group came to despise the counterculture of the 1960s and what they felt was a growing "[[anti-Americanism]]" among many baby boomers. During the [[Cold War]] era, most vigorously opposed the Stalinist regime.<ref>[httphttps://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/neo.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5090&en=4126fa38fefd80de&ex=1298005200 After Neoconservatism, February 19, 2006]</ref> Kristol described a neoconservative as a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''.
Paleoconservatives, who dislike Neoconservatism intensely, have argued that it emerged from [[Trotskyite]] theories, especially the notion of permanent revolution. There are four fundamental flaws in the paleoconservatives' attack: most of the neoconservatives were never Trotskyites; none of them ever subscribed to the right-wing Socialism of Max Shachtman; the assertion that neoconservatives subscribe to "inverted Trotskyism" is misleading; and neoconservatives advocate democratic globalism, not permanent revolution.<ref>William F. King, "Neoconservatives and 'Trotskyism'" ''American Communist History'' 2004 3(2): 247-266 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>
Neoconservatives also tend to minimize or overlook the significance of religious beliefs in conflicts and policies, as in advocating the installation of democracy in [[Muslim]] countries with little regard for Islamic beliefs and practices.
Neoconservatives hold an idealistic belief in social progress and the universality of [[human rights]], coupled with anti-Communism. They hold the view that there is a universal desire to live in a technologically advanced and prosperous society and liberal democracy is one of the byproducts of such modernization.  Neoconservatives, who hold [[Marxist]] views on "shaping the world," strongly oppose nationalism.<ref>Maitra, Sumantra (November 11, 2019). [https://thefederalist.com/2019/11/11/freakout-over-nationalism-book-illustrates-the-end-of-traditional-left-right-politics/ Freakout Over Nationalism Book Illustrates The End Of Traditional Left-Right Politics]. ''The Federalist''. Retrieved December 2, 2019.</ref>
== Publications ==
The leading publications of neoconservatives since the 1970s have been ''[[Commentary]]'', ''[[The Public Interest]] '' (founded by Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol) and ''[[The Weekly Standard]]''. Many Washington think tanks, such as the [[American Enterprise Institute]] (AEI), the [[Project For New American Century]] (PNAC), Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA) and Henry Jackson Society are now dominated by neoconservatives.
== Social Issues ==
[[Image:Wolfowitz.jpg|thumb|right|180px|As Deputy Secretary of Defense 2001-42001–4, [[Paul Wolfowitz]] was a prominent advocate of neocon foreign policy ideas in the George W. Bush administration, especially the "[[Bush Doctrine]]."]] Neoconservatives positions on social issues are mixed with some holding to [[liberal]] positions on social matters, and are unlikely to agree with religious conservatives on issues like abortion, prayer in school and same-sex "marriage". Other neoconservatives of the Straussian type tend to have greater degrees of agreement with religious and cultural conservatives on social issues. Neoconservatives differ from libertarians in that neoconservatives tend to support [[Big big government]] policies to further their objectives, and to support Bush's 2001 [[Patriot act]].
Neoconservatives often describe themselves as "conservative". [[William Kristol]], a leading neoconservative, described himself as the "[[token conservative]]" when he taught at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Kennedy School of Government]].<ref>http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2003/03/12/news/7602.shtml</ref>
In anticipation of vacancies on the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], the neoconservatives urged on Bush the selection of [[Michael McConnell]], a [[libertarian]]-leaning jurist, and [[J. Michael Luttig]], who declared ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' to be "super-stare decisis"<ref>http://althouse.blogspot.com/2005/07/arlen-specter-makes-up-term.html</ref> and later left the judiciary to become general counsel of Boeing.<ref>httphttps://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/10/AR2006051000929.html</ref> Both were passed over in filling the vacancies and both left the judiciary entirely after missing their best chance for being appointed to the Supreme Court passed.
The term was coined by Socialist party leader [[Michael Harrington]] to describe the rightward turn of onetime liberals, and it was proudly accepted first by Irving Kristol then by most of the others.
==Neoconservative Neoconservatives in the Obama era==Neoconservative {{See also|Obama war crimes}}Neoconservatives in the Obama era engineered both the rise of the [[Islamic State]] and the [[Syrian War]] which claimed in excess of 400,000 lives and created more than 6,000,000 homeless refugees abroad. They also inadvertently created the [[European migrant crisis]].
The original intention of the neocons was regime change in [[Syria]] - the overthrow of [[Bashar Assad]] - without using American troops. Radical Islamic terrorists, many of their leaders supposedly "de-radicalized" while in American detention, were returned to their groups to form new militias armed and trained by American, Turkish, Saudi, and Qatari Special Operations Forces and advisors. By removing the Syrian Alawite regime aligned with [[Iran]], the hope was to rid Syria of [[Hezbollah]], a 10,000 man force which is directly under the command and control of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, and deemed a threat to Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the Gulf states.
The [[Benghazi massacre]] however, slowed the progress of arming the Syrian jihadis, now dubbed "moderate rebels" by the Obama administration and it's its sycophantic media. The String Syrian government gained popular support as the people of Syria witnessed foreign jihadis backed by the Obama administration and it's its allies, flood Syria with psychotic killers and weapons. As the With a quick resolution was not in the offing, Russian troops intervened which prevented theObama preventing the Obama administration from creating establishing a no-fly zone to aid its radical jihadis overthrowing on the ground to overthrow the government, as had been done in [[Libya]].
== Neoconservatism and Donald Trump ==
{{See also|Donald Trump achievements: Foreign policy}}Despite campaigning against endless foreign wars and a humanitarian-based foreign policy that promotes democracy, President [[Donald Trump]] appointed several internationalists and neoconservatives to his administration, including [[Elliot Abrams]], [[John Bolton]] and [[Mike Pompeo]]. Despite this, neocons continued opposing Trump and even praising leftist Democrats.<ref>Jasper, William F. (January 19, 2021). [https://thenewamerican.com/national-review-cnn-wsj-backstabber-liz-cheney-is-new-hero-conscience-of-gop/ National Review, CNN, WSJ: Backstabber Liz Cheney Is New “Hero,” “Conscience of GOP”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 31, 2021.</ref><ref>Jasper, William F. (December 16, 2020). [https://thenewamerican.com/national-reviews-neocons-and-the-bulwarks-bidenistas-reviling-trump-rejoicing-in-biden/ National Review’s Neocons and The Bulwark’s Bidenistas: Reviling Trump, Rejoicing in Biden]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 31, 2021.</ref><ref>Jasper, William F. (December 19, 2020). [https://thenewamerican.com/full-exposure-nevertrump-neocons-kristol-and-schmidt-reach-out-to-biden-aoc/ FULL EXPOSURE: NeverTrump Neocons Kristol and Schmidt Reach Out to Biden, AOC]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 31, 2021.</ref> [[Alex Jones]] has claimed that neo-conservativesneoconservatives, as part of a [[deep stateDeep State]], have been fighting a civil war inside the United States Government in order to gain control of the government and influence President [[Donald Trump]] - himself. Himself, [[Paul Joseph Watson]], and David Knight also claimed this throughout [[Infowars]] segments, and that the recent missiles launched against Assad were a result of the neo-conservatives neocons attempting to control Donald Trump. [[Stefan Halper]], a neoconservative of the Bush Sr. era, colluded with Obama CIA Director [[John Brennan]] and FBI agent [[Peter Strzok]] to set-up Trump advisors [[Carter Page]] and [[George Papadopoulos]] as supposed agents of the [[Russia]] government, to initiate an FBI [[counterintelligence]] investigation and procure a [[FISA]] warrant to surveil the [[2016 Trump campaign]], [[Trump transition]] team, and well into the first year of the [[Trump Administration]]. == Neoconservatives in the Biden junta =={{See also|Biden/Harris regime foreign policy}}Many neocons are prominent in the junta, including his foreign minister, [[Anthony Blinken]] and undersecretary [[Victoria Nuland]] are neocons who want endless wars. In the second month after seizing power, they bombed Syria. Biden also plans war with Iran. Prof. [[Jeffrey Sachs]] summarized the destruction neocons wrought upon [[Ukraine]]:{{quotebox-float|"The US neocons carry much blame for undermining Ukraine’s 1991 borders. Russia did not claim [[Crimea]] until after the US-backed overthrow of Ukraine’s [[President Viktor Yanukovych]] in 2014. Nor did Russia annex the [[Donbas]] after 2014, instead calling on Ukraine to honor the UN-backed [[Minsk II agreement]], based on autonomy for the Donbas. The neocons preferred to arm Ukraine to retake the Donbas by force rather than grant the Donbas autonomy."<ref>[https://www.jeffsachs.org/newspaper-articles/towards-peace-in-ukraine Beyond the Neocon Debacle to Peace in Ukraine], JEFFREY D. SACHS, October 4, 2023. jeffsachs.org</ref>}} ==Nazi and Trotskyist roots of Neoconservatism: Shachtman and Burnham meet Carl Schmitt==Neoconservative [[globalism|globalist]] ideas on foreign policy have their roots on the writings of renegade Trotskyists Max Shachtman and James Burnham in the 1940s and 1950s, while on domestic policy they derive their [[authoritarianism]] from the writings of [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[jurisprudence|jurist]] Carl Schmitt during the same period. Burnham and Shachtman were American Trotskyists who had clashed with [[Leon Trotsky]] in 1939-40 on the issue of whether the international workers' movement should support the [[Soviet Union]] in the event of a Nazi attack. Trotsky said it should, while Burnham and Shachtman said it should not. Both Burnham and Shachtman abandoned [[Marxism]] in the 1940s (ostensibly) and entered the [[conservative]] movement. In fact, they never really abandoned the idea of "[[Permanent Revolution]]", they just reshaped it to make it look more "conservative": the [[one-world government]], for them, wouldn't come through the USSR or through workers' revolution, but through American [[internationalism|internationalist]] and [[imperialism|imperialist]] foreign policy. Burnham explicitly wrote:  <blockquote>A World Federation initiated and led by the United States would be, we have recognized, a World Empire. In this imperial federation, the United States, with a monopoly of atomic weapons, would hold a preponderance of decisive material power over all the rest of the world. In world politics, that is to say, there would not be a balance of power.<ref>James Burnham, ''The Struggle for the World'' (Toronto: Longmans, 1947), 190, 210.</ref></blockquote> As regards domestic policy, the neoconservatives' advocacy for the aggressive curtailing of freedom and [[civil liberties]] has its roots to the ideas of a self-proclaimed post-war ally of American imperialism, Carl Schmitt, who before the war had been a Nazi jurist for Hitler. The proponent of the theories of "state of exception" and "unitary executive power" (which, according to Schmitt, "frees the executive from any legal restraints to its power that would normally apply"), during the [[Weimar Republic]] Schmitt had advocated for the imposition of a Presidential dictatorship by [[Paul von Hindenburg]], then after 1933 he willingly offered his services to Hitler and produced legal theories that justified Nazi invasion of neutral countries, infamously proclaiming "woe to the neutrals".<ref>https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=2252381</ref> Schmitt called for an imposition of an open dictatorship of a system aligned to the needs and interests of [[big government]] and [[corporation|corporations]] against the people. He argued that the massacre of large numbers of people without due process of law signifies the creation of a new world order of law and justice.<ref>https://davidarthurwalters.wordpress.com/tag/neoconservatism/</ref> Some have argued that [[neoconservativism]] has been influenced by Schmitt.<ref name="The Return of Carl Schmitt">Legal justification* [http://balkin.blogspot.com/2008/04/thinking-out-loud-about-john-yoo.html Thinking out loud about John Yoo (and about Carl Schmitt)] by [[Sandy Levinson]], Balkinization, April 12, 2008* [https://ssrn.com/abstract=942865 The Bush Regime from Elections to Detentions: A Moral Economy of Carl Schmitt and Human Rights] by Abraham, David, University of Miami – School of Law, University of Miami Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2007 – 20 May 2007* [https://ssrn.com/abstract=870602 Torture, Necessity and Existential Politics] by Kutz, Christopher L., [[University of California]], Berkeley – School of Law (Boalt Hall), UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 870602, December 2005* [http://balkin.blogspot.com/2005/11/return-of-carl-schmitt.html The Return of Carl Schmitt] Scott Horton, Balkinization, 7 November 2005* [http://harpers.org/archive/2008/01/hbc-90002226 Deconstructing John Yoo] by Scott Horton, Harpers, 23 January 2008* [http://mondediplo.com/2006/09/08democracy The will to undemocratic power] By Philip S Golub, ''[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]'', September 2006* [http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,259860,00.html The Leo-conservatives] by GERHARD SPÖRL, ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', 4 August 2003</ref> Most notably the legal opinions offered by [[Alberto Gonzales]], [[John Yoo]] et al. by invoking the unitary executive theory to justify highly controversial policies in the [[war on terror]]—such as introducing unlawful combatant status which purportedly would eliminate protection by the Geneva Conventions,<ref>War crimes warning* [http://www.newsweek.com/memos-reveal-war-crimes-warnings-128415 Memos Reveal War Crimes Warnings] By Michael Isikoff, ''[[Newsweek]]'', 19 May 2004* [https://www.thenation.com/article/torture-and-accountability/ Torture and Accountability] by Elizabeth Holtzman, ''The Nation'', 28 June 2005* [http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/attack/law/2003/0128uslawyers.htm US Lawyers Warn Bush on War Crimes] By Grant McCool, Lawyers Against the War, [[Global Policy Forum]], 28 January 2003</ref> [[enhanced interrogation techniques|torture]], NSA electronic surveillance program—mimic his writings.<ref name="The Return of Carl Schmitt" /> Professor David Luban said in 2011 that "[a] Lexis.com search reveals five law review references to Schmitt between 1980 and 1990; 114 between 1990 and 2000; and 420 since 2000, with almost twice as many in the last five years as the previous five".<ref>David Luban, "Carl Schmitt and the Critique of Lawfare", ''Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1797904 Research Paper No. 11-33]'', p. 10</ref> In 1934, Schmitt wrote an essay bearing the title: 'The Führer Protects Justice'. In it he defended the crassest form of arbitrary [[fascism|fascist]] justice and most firmly upheld the view that the Führer had the sole right to distinguish between friend and foe:  <blockquote>The Führer is in earnest over the warnings of German history. That affords him the right and the power to found a new State and a new order ... The Führer is protecting justice from the vilest misuse when, in the hour of danger, he creates justice directly as the supreme authority by virtue of his leader's office ... The office of judge emanates from that of Führer. Anyone ... wishing to separate the two is seeking to put the State out of joint with the aid of justice . . . The Führer himself determines the content and scope of a transgression against the law.<ref>https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=2252381</ref></blockquote> Schmitt not only supported Hitler's moves in home affairs. Already before the outbreak of the [[World War II|Second World War]], during the preparations for it, he became the leading law ideologist of Nazi Germany's foreign policy. He resisted the 'universalist' claims of the [[League of Nations]] and called instead for the application of the [[Monroe Doctrine]] to Germany and territory in which she had interests. He quoted a statement by Hitler on this subject and commented:  <blockquote>'That expresses the idea of a peacefully arbitrated (schiedlich-friedlich) demarcation of the major territories in the simplest business-like terms. It eliminates the confusion that an economic imperialism created around the Monroe doctrine by twisting its reasonable idea of territorial demarcation into an ideological claim to global intervention.<ref>https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=2252381</ref>'</blockquote> This theory too rested on the Nazi dogma of the 'Reich'. 'Empires in this sense are the leading and supporting powers whose political idea is radiated over a specified major territory and which fundamentally exclude the intervention of extra-territorial powers with regard to this territory.' Such a division of the world, which would guarantee the appropriate 'major territories' for Germany and [[Japan]], would, in Schmitt's view, mark the start of a new and higher condition of international justice. There would no longer be nation-states, as before, but only 'empires'. The concrete consequences of this Schmitt spelled out in another essay bearing the significant title 'Woe to the Neutrals!' Here it was argued that the concept of major territories implied the abolition of neutrality. So in 1938, Schmitt had penned in advance the 'international' legal apologia for unbridled imperialism: Empires had the "right" to conquer nations. It is this core legal ideology that he rent to the Americans after the war. Shortly after Nazi defeat, he re-invented himself as an spokesman of American globalism. In "Nomos of the Earth" (1950), he gave the best definition of the principle behind American globalist foreign policy which he supported. Schmitt's formulation rivals Burnham's in cynicism but surpasses it in precision: 'cujus economia, ejus regio'. This is a cynically candid expression of the United States' absolute claim to global dominion; and not by chance is it an up-to-date secular variant on the 1555 Augsburg Convention (cujus regio, ejus religio). In both cases naked power relations are stated as absolute determinants, only now of course at a more advanced stage, hence economic in substance and absolute in all political respects.<ref>https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=2252381</ref> Being a proponent of war and foreign intervention on the part of [[Nazi Germany]], after the war he advocated, with equal fervor, a policy of interventionism and [[perpetual war]] (or, as he called it, "world-wide civil war") on the part of the [[United States]]. Hence he showed in "Nomos of the Earth" (1950) the ineluctability of the dilemma of isolation or intervention for the U.S.A.:  <blockquote>The contradictions stem from the unresolved problems of a territorial development involving an obligation either to set limits to the invasion and to find other major territories beside those recognizing themselves as such, or else to turn back what has hitherto been a war of national claims into a world-wide civil war.<ref>https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=2252381</ref></blockquote> As a short summary, Neoconservatives take their advocacy for [[globalism]], interventionism, [[perpetual war]], [[police state]] and the trampling of citizens' [[civil rights|rights]] from two Trotskyists (Shachtman and Burnham) and one Nazi (Schmitt). ==List of Neocons==*[[Barack Obama]], chief architect of the [[Arab Spring]] *[[Hillary Clinton]], chief architect of the [[Libyan war]] and [[Syrian war]] *[[Joe Biden]], chief architect of the [[Russia-Ukraine war]] *[[John Kerry]] *[[Jake Sullivan]], chief architect of the [[Islamic State]] *[[Antony Blinken]] *[[Samantha Power]], chief architect of the R2P doctrine (Responsibility to Protect) *[[Stefan Halper]] *[[Elliot Abrams]] *[[Robert Kagan]] *[[Victoria Nuland]], chief architect of the [[Maidan coup]] *[[John Bolton]] *[[Richard Perle]] *[[Dov Zakheim]] *[[Paula Dobriansky]]
==See also==
*[[NationalismGlobalism]]*[[Right-wing dictatorship]]
* [[George W. Bush]]
* [[Dick Cheney]]
* [[Donald Rumsfeld]]
* [[John Bolton]]
* [[Bill Kristol]]
* [[Irving Kristol]]
* [[Leo Strauss]]
* [[Lionel Trilling]], a major literary critic who influenced many neocons
* [[Paul Wolfowitz]], a powerful #2 under [[Donald Rumsfeld]] in the Defense Department in 2001-42001–04, advocated invasion chief architect of the IraqWar*[[David Petraeus]]*[[Mike Pompeo]]*[[Steve Bannon]]*[[Totalitarianism]]*[[Terrorism]]*[[Police state]]*[[Essay: The United States will be the leading power in the world for the foreseeable future]]
==Further reading==
* Bloom, Allan. ''The Closing of the American Mind'' (1988)
* Dorrien, Gary. ''The Neoconservative Mind,'' (1993)
* Friedman, Murray. ''The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy''. (2006) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521545013/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search].
* Fu kuyama, Francis. ''America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy,'' (2006)
* Gerson, Mark. ''The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to Culture Wars '' (1997)
* [[Stefan Halper|Halper, Stefan ]] and Jonathan Clarke. ''America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order'' (2004) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/America-Alone-Neo-Conservatives-Global-Order/dp/0521674603/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1255319175&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* * Heilbrun, Jacob. ''They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons'' (2009) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/They-Knew-Were-Right-Neocons/dp/140007620X/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* Murray, Douglas. ''Neoconservatism: Why We Need It'' (2006)
* Steinfels, Peter. ''The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America's Politics.'' (1979)
*Stelzer, Irwin. ''Neo-conservatism'' (2004)
===Primary sources===
* Demuth, Christopher, and William Kristol, eds. ''The Neoconservative Imagination: Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol'' (1995) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Imagination-Essays-Irving-Kristol/dp/0844738999/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491256&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Gerson, Mark ed., ''The Essential Neo-Conservative Reader'' (1997)
* Kristol, Irving. ''Neoconservatism: the Autobiography of an Idea'' (1999) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Neo-conservatism-Autobiography-Idea-Irving-Kristol/dp/1566632285/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]* Stelzer, Irwin, ed. ''The NeoCon Reader'' (2005) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Neocon-Reader-Irwin-Stelzer/dp/0802141935/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
==External links==
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110010684 Neoconservatism's Future: It's still the only game in town], Joshua Muravchik, OpinionJournal.com, October 3, 2007. From ''Commentary''.
*[http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/ The Henry Jackson Society]
*[httphttps://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/000tzmlw.asp The Neoconservative Persuasion by Irving Kristol]
== References ==
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