Changes

Radiosonde An average of radiosonde (weather balloon) and satellite data shows that the lower troposphere warmed by 0.44 degrees Celsius between 1979 and 2014. This corresponds to a rate of 1.7 degrees per century. If the AGW theory was correct, the lower troposphere would be warming at a rate of 3.1 degrees per century, according to an average of 102 climate models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).<refname="SpencerCSP">"[https://www.newcriterion.com//cm/images/THE%20CLIMATE%20SURPRISE%20PAMPHLET.pdf The Climate Surprise PamphetPamphlet]", ''The New Criterion'', 2016. Taken from chart "All The trend was derived averaging two satellite data sets (RSS v.3 Global Temperature Dataset Types Disagree .3 and UAH) with four radiosonde data sets.</ref> From 1979 to 2016 the Climate Model During lower troposphere warmed by 1.7 degrees per century, according to satellite-based measurements processed using the Period of Greatest Greenhouse ConcentrationRSS software.<ref name=SpencerRSS>RSS v.4, released in June 2017. (Spencer, Roy, "[http://www.drroyspencer.com/2017/07/comments-on-the-new-rss-lower-tropospheric-temperature-dataset/ Comments on the New RSS Lower Tropospheric Temperature Dataset]").</ref>

Radiosonde and satellite data are If the most accurate sources for global temperatureAGW theory was correct, but they do not go back far enough to establish the lower troposphere would be warming at a relevant trend. A reanalysis rate of weather station data for 1943 3.1 degrees per century, according to 2012 an average of 102 climate models used by Uthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).S<ref name="SpencerCSP2">"[https://www. climate researcher Roy Spencer shows that after a cooler period in the 1960s and 1970s, Unewcriterion.Scom//cm/images/THE%20CLIMATE%20SURPRISE%20PAMPHLET. temperatures returned to their earlier levelpdf The Climate Surprise Pamphlet]", ''The New Criterion'', 2016. Unlike Taken from chart "All 3 Global Temperature Dataset Types Disagree with the official weather station recordClimate Model During the Period of Greatest Greenhouse Concentration."</ref>Despite the numerous flaws detailed in the "Harry Read Me" file, Spencerthe IPCC still favors the CRU's data includes only those stations that recorded HadCRUT4 temperature at record. This record shows warming of less than 0.6 degree from 1979 to 2014. See "[[Global warming#The temperature record|The Temperature Record]]."</ref> The missing heat is sometimes said to be accumulating in the oceans. But a consistent time recent study by the Scripps Institution of dayOceanography found that ocean temperature has risen by only 0.1 degree Celsius in the last fifty years.<ref name=>"Spencer[http://dailycaller.com/2018/01/05/new-study-shows-past-research-on-rising-ocean-temps-built-on-faulty-science/ New Study Shows Past Research On Rising Ocean Temps Built On Faulty Science]," ''The Daily Caller'', 01/05/2018.</ref>

Radiosonde and satellite data are the most accurate sources for global temperature. To go back further, other methods must be used. A reanalysis of weather station data for 1943 to 2012 by U.S. climate researcher Roy Spencer shows that the climate cooled in the 1960s and 1970s. More recently, the climate has warmed, allowing average temperature to return to its earlier level. Unlike the official weather station record, Spencer's data includes only those stations that recorded temperature at a consistent time of day.<ref name="Spencer" />  ==Difficulties with the theory:==*'''Carbon dioxide is insignificant as a greenhouse gas.''' The level of CO₂ in the Earth's atmosphere is only 400 parts per million. Ninety to 95 percent of the greenhouse effect is due to water vapor.<ref>Friedenreich and Ramaswamy, "Solar Radiation Absorption by Carbon Dioxide, Overlap with Water, and a Parameterization for General Circulation Models," Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993):7255-7264)</ref> The IPCC claims that water vapor acts as a "positive feedback," i.e. warming creates more humidity, which leads to additional warming. There are humidity measurements going back to 1948, and they show no upward trend.<ref>"[https://wattsupwiththat.com/global-climate/ global climate]," ''Watt's Up with That''</ref> More humidity could lead to more clouds and therefore to cooling and to negative feedback. So why assume positive feedback? AGW works only if water vapor is a positive feedback, so that is what the IPCC must claim.<br/>Although Obama has denounced elevated carbon dioxide levels as "carbon pollution," greenhouse operators commonly increase the level of CO₂ to 1,000 ppm or more to enhance plant growth.<ref>"[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151210101819.htm Plant growth enhanced by increased carbon dioxide, but food webs give rise to significant variations]", ''Science News'', December 10, 2015.<br/>Harrison H. Schmitt and William Happer, "[http://arizonaskywatch.com/article/articles/In%20defense%20of%20carbon%20dioxide.pdf In Defense of Carbon Dioxide]," ''Wall Street Journal'', May 8, 2013.</ref>

*'''The Earth has warmed or cooled many times. Historically, warm periods are associated with favorable climate.''' The [[Roman Warm Period]] (250 BC to 400 180 AD) featured temperatures comparable to those of modern times. This was followed by the Dark Ages Cold Period (450-950 AD).<ref>"[http://www.co2science.org/subject/d/summaries/dacpeurope.php Dark Ages Cold Period (Europe) - Summary]", ''CO₂ Science'', 1 June 2005.</ref> The Medieval Warm Period was even warmer than the Roman period and lasted from 900 950 to 1300.<ref>John P. Rafferty, "[https://global.britannica.com/science/medieval-warm-period Medieval warm period (MWP)]", ''Britannica''</ref> From the 14th century to the early 19th century, there was a Little Ice Age.<ref>John P. Rafferty, Stephen T. Jackson, "[https://global.britannica.com/science/Little-Ice-Age Little Ice Age (LIA)]", ''Britannica''.</ref><ref>See the graphs at "[http://www.climate4you.com/ Global temperatures]," Climate4you.</ref><ref>Bastasch, Michael, "[http://dailycaller.com/2013/12/13/study-earth-was-warmer-in-roman-medieval-times/ Study: Earth was warmer in Roman, Medieval times]", ''The Daily Caller''. For a peer-reviewed paper, see Moberg, A., et al. 2005 "[ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/moberg2005/nhtemp-moberg2005.txt 2,000-Year Northern Hemisphere Temperature Reconstruction]", ''World Data Center for Paleoclimatology''. The Moberg data set is charted [https://i0.wp.com/i90.photobucket.com/albums/k247/dhm1353/Moberg-1.png here].</ref>*'''For leftists, the attraction of the theory is that it supports their agenda.''' The environmentalist agenda of renewables, solar energy, conservation, and world government was put together in the 1970s in response to the energy crisis and to the overpopulation scare. At that time, most scientists thought the Earth was cooling.<ref>"[http://realclimatescience.com/the-corrupt-history-of-nasa-temperature-history/ The corrupt history of NASA temperature history]", ''Real Climate Science''.</ref><ref name="Time" /> When AGW came along, it was treated as an additional justification for this agenda.<br/>Steven Schneider, founding father of the AGW movement, was a global cooling believer in the early 1970s. "We have to offer up scary scenarios, make simplified, dramatic statements, and make little mention of any doubts we might have," he explained.<ref>This is from an article Schneider wrote for ''Discover'' magazine in 1989.[http://www.creationworldview.org/articles_view.asp?id=67]</ref> To Schneider, global cooling and global warming were just two "scary senarios." He could offer up whichever one was expedient.<br/>If *'''Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by promoting plant growth, an angle overlooked by the problem was simply too much mainstream media.''' In fact, the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, this could be addressed by promoting has already resulted in an increase in plant growth in . If that's not enough, iron filings can be dumped at sea to encourage the oceansgrowth of marine plants.<ref>Carrington, Damian, "[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jul/18/iron-sea-carbon Dumping iron at sea can bury carbon for centuries, study shows]" ''The Guardian'', 18 July 2012.</ref> Such Freeman Dyson, America's top physicist, has suggested genetically engineering trees to absorb more carbon.<ref>"geoengineering[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BiKfWdXXfIs Freeman Dyson on the Global Warming Hysteria April, 2015]." doesnDyson recommends 't appeal to liberals because AGW is less about 'Cool It'' (2007) by Bjorn Lomborg as the climate than about justifying best summary of the anti-energy cause. Scratch an AGW believer and there is an overpopulationist or a world government socialist underneathissue.</ref>

In 1827, French scientist [[Joseph Fourier ]] suggested that although the atmosphere allowed sunlight to pass through to warm the Earth, it blocked "dark heat" (infrared radiation) from the Earth and thus prevented energy from being transferred back into space.<ref name=Fourier>Fourier, Jean Baptist Joseph, "On the Temperatures of the Terrestrial Sphere in Interplanetary Space", Translated in ''The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for Climate Change Forecast''. The relevant section is pp. 12-13.</ref> Fourier did make an unfortunate analogy between the Earth's atmosphere and a space enclosed by glass. All the same, it may not be fair to blame Fourier for the greenhouse effect meme. He also discusses convection as an alternative explanation and, as a good scientist, recommends an experiment to resolve the issue.

Arrhenius ignored water vapor in his calculations, leading him to overestimate the effect of CO₂ by 96 percent, as Knut Ångström observed in 1901.<ref>"[https://realclimatescience.com/2016/12/climate-scientists-celebrating-115-years-of-debunked-science/ Climate Scientists Celebrating 115 Years Of Debunked Junk Science]"</ref> More controversially, Ångström questioned whether CO₂ could act as a greenhouse gas at all. He took a tube of carbon dioxide, shined black body radiation on it, and varied the pressure on the gas. Increasing the pressure led to only a slight increase in absorption. He concluded that radiation absorption by CO₂ is already nearly saturated, so the emission of additional gas into the atmosphere would have little effect. Ångström thus became "the first denier."

===Disproving the greenhouse effect===Finally performing the experiment Fourier had recommended a century earlier, Robert Wood showed in 1909 that energy is transferred from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere primarily through "convection currents." In Wood's experiment, the temperature in a glass box was compared to that in a box with a top made of halite (rock salt). Halite allows sunlight to enter, but blocks infrared. Infrared re-radiation and the greenhouse effect play "a very small part," both in the atmosphere and in literal greenhouses, Wood concluded.<ref>Wood, Robert, "[http://www.tech-know-group.com/papers/Note_on_the_Theory_of_the_Greenhouse.pdf Note on the Theory of the Greenhouse]", ''Philosphical Magazine'', January—June 1909.<br/>"[http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.jp/2010/06/greenhouse-theory-disproven-in-1909.html Greenhouse Theory disproven in 1909, 1963, 1966, 1973...but still refuses to die]," June 28, 2010.<br/>Gerhard Gerlich and Ralf D. Tscheuschner, "[https://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0707/0707.1161v4.pdf Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO₂ Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics]"</ref> A greenhouse is warmer than the air outside because the roof limits convection and the walls restrict wind. "The acquired heat is concentrated, because it is not dissipated immediately by renewing the air," as Fourier himself explained.<ref name="Fourier" />

The AGW industry was exposed as a hoax by the release of the "[[Climategate]]" emails in 2009. The Climate Research Unit of East Anglia University in Britain prepared 156 megaybytes of email by their researchers for release under the Freedom of Information Act. This database was somehow leaked, either prematurely or by a whistleblower after the institution had second thoughts.

According to 80 graphs published in 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers in the first five months of 2017 alone, catastrophic anthropogenic global warming does not exist.<ref>Delingpole, James (June 6, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/06/06/delingpole-global-warming-is-myth-58-scientific-papers-2017/ DELINGPOLE: ‘Global Warming’ Is a Myth, Say 58 Scientific Papers in 2017]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 7, 2017.</ref> By October 2017, the number of peer-reviewed papers rejecting global warming had increased to 400.<ref>Delingpole, James (October 24, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/24/delingpole-now-400-scientific-papers-in-2017-say-global-warming-is-a-myth/ Delingpole: Now 400 Scientific Papers in 2017 Say ‘Global Warming’ Is a Myth]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 24, 2017.</ref>

In June, 1974, ''[[Time]]'' magazine published its front -page article, ''Science: Another Ice Age?'',<ref name="Time"/> while a report by the [[CIA]] in the same year stated that, "The western world's leading climatologists have confirmed recent reports of a detrimental global climatic change”, noting such things as that the "world's snow and ice cover had increased by at least 10 to 15 percent", and in the "Canadian area of [[Arctic]] Greenland, below normal temperatures were recorded for 19 consecutive months", which was unique during the last 100 years. A "major climatic shift" was speculated, which would threaten the "the stability of most nations.” It further warned that "Scientists are confident that unless man is able to effectively modify the climate, the northern regions, such as Canada" to "major areas in northern China, will again be covered with 100 to 200 feet of ice and snow", within the next 2500 years—or sooner.<ref>Central Intelligence Agency (August 1974). [http://www.climatemonitor.it/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/1974.pdf ''A Study of Climatological Research as it Pertains to Intelligence Problems''], pp. 1, 5, 7, 16. Retrieved from Climatemonitor [Italy] on September 30, 2014.</ref>