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Galileo tested [[Aristotle]]'s theory that heavy objects fall faster than light ones and found it was a consequence of air resistance, not gravity. By making careful measurements he found he could use mathematics to measure the acceleration odf gravity and predict the movements of pendulums and tides. His  [[Galileo]] obtained an [[imprimatur]] from a Florence bishop rather than from authorities in Rome for his 1632 book ''Dialogue on the Tides'', which discussed both the Ptolemaic and Copernican hypotheses, was originally given permission to be published by Catholic censors, but . He later changed the title was changed to ''Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems''and published it under the local [[imprimatur]], which led to an embarrassment for Rome as Protestants, post-Reformation, criticized the Church for this official position. This led to Galileo’s summons to Rome by the Inquisition, to be tried for suspicion publishing a text in the name of [[heresy]]the Church without its fully informed approval.  Galileo resided in luxurious quarters during the trial, and was never at any meaningful risk of hardship. The Church officials, which felt Galileo had embarrassed them, found that Galileo had erred by advocating heliocentrism as scientifically proven, which was not compatible with the Inquisition’s 1616 ruling. In 1633 Galileo was forced to renounce his beliefs. At first he was sentenced to life imprisonment, but this was commuted to permanent house arrest. This sentence was read aloud in public in every university. Some of his books were burned. <ref> http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761557587&pn=3 </ref> Galileo went back to studying motion and mechanics.