While other denominations rebranded as "evangelical," the Independent Baptists continued to describe themselves as "fundamentalist." Their foremost leader, [[John R. Rice]], founded a fundamentalist paper, ''[[The Sword of the Lord]]'' in 1934 and served as its editor till his death in 1980. Its masthead states, "An Independent Christian Publication, Standing for the Verbal Inspiration of the Bible, the Deity of Christ, His Blood Atonement, Salvation by Faith, New Testament Soul Winning and the Premillennial Return of Christ; Opposing Modernism, Worldliness and Formalism." Noted fundamentalists in that group included H.A. Ironside, Bob Jones, Sr., Bob Shuler, William Culbertson, Harry Hager, R.G. Lee, Hyman Appelman, V. Raymond Edman, Scotchie McCall, E.J. Daniels, W.A. Criswell, Joe Henry Hankins. However, in one illustration of different manifestations of fundamentalism, after the death of John R. Rice some took issue with the direction the new editor of "The Sword" had taken in separating brethren over details about which Godly Bible believers may have differing convictions. Primary among these was defining a true fundamentalist as only an independent Baptist who stood with him. In a letter by Rice's daughter,<ref>http://www.biblicalevangelist.org/index.php?id=282&view=Guest+Editorial</ref> she noted that her father even considered some evangelical non-Baptists (including Pentecostals) to be fundamentalists, if they also held to and earnestly contended for the fundamentals of the faith. She pointed to his note on Romans 14:l in the ''Rice Reference Bible'' which stated, "We then are to receive and have fellowship with all saved people who may differ on minor matters but agree on the great fundamentals of the Christian faith."<ref>Also cited were two chapters in Rice's book, ''I AM A FUNDAMENTALIST'' (1975), that of ''Be a Fundamentalist, But Not a Nut,'' and ''Fundamentalists Should Love All Christ's Other Sheep.''</ref>
Further descriptions of fundamentalism are offered by other writers, such as Joel Carpenter in his book, ''Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism'' who writes about "the complexity and contributions of fundamentalism as a faith system whose purposes and beliefs have all too frequently been reduced to caricature."<ref>[httphttps://www.amazon.com/Revive-Us-Again-Reawakening-Fundamentalism/dp/0195129075 From Library Journal review]</ref> Reviewer William Martin,<ref>[http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=153 "How the Fundamentalists Learned to Thrive"], by Rice University professor of sociology, William Martin in The Christian Century, September, 23-30, 1998, pp. 872-875</ref> notes how author Joel Carpenter acknowledges the value of "fundamentalism" as a generic label for militant religious and cultural conservatism. But he focuses on that particular, identifiable strain of evangelical Christianity that is persistently revivalistic, emphasizes dispensationalist premillennialism and biblical inerrancy, militantly opposes theological modernism and cultural secularity and feels a strong sense of "trusteeship" for American culture.
==Other states==
== External links ==
* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/6528/fundcont.htm Online copy of ''The Fundamentals'']
* [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20030101082327/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/6528/fundcont.htm Online copy of ''The Fundamentals''] from Internet Archive
==Further reading==
* Almond, Gabriel A., R. Scott Appleby, and Emmanuel Sivan, eds. ''Strong Religion: The Rise of Fundamentalisms around the World'' (2003) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Strong-Religion-Fundamentalisms-Fundamentalism-Project/dp/0226014983/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241067360&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]
* Hankins, Barry. ''God's Rascal: J. Frank Norris and the Beginnings of Southern Fundamentalism'' (1996)
* Marsden, George M. ''Fundamentalism and American Culture'' (2nd ed 2006), the standard scholarly history (by a fundamentalist) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Fundamentalism-American-Culture-George-Marsden/dp/0195300475/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241067360&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]* Marsden, George M. ''Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism'' (1991) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Fundamentalism-Evangelicalism-George-Marsden/dp/0802805396/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241067360&sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]* Ruthven, Malise. ''Fundamentalism: A Very Short Introduction'' (2007) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Fundamentalism-Very-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0199212708/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241067360&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Sandeen, Ernest R. ''The Roots of Fundamentalism'' (1970)
* Trollinger, William V. ''God's Empire: William Bell Riley and Midwestern Fundamentalism'' (1991) [https://books.google.com/books?id=DE-HQpppDd8C&pg=PA78&dq=fundamentalism+anti-semitism&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpts and text search]
* Witherup, Ronald D. S.S. ''Biblical Fundamentalism: What Every Catholic Should Know'' (2001), 101pp [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Biblical-Fundamentalism-Every-Catholic-Should/dp/0814627226/ref=sid_av_dp excerpt and text search]
*Richard Thomas Hughes, ''The American quest for the primitive church'' (1988) 257 pp [https://books.google.com/books?id=JW3kYxc7Fl0C&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99&dq=Joel+Carpenter++fundamentalism&source=bl&ots=acqfYcxb6E&sig=hFc3Uf_-g1_qWEz-ULBJAXa2mYo&hl=en&ei=UFxgSorTEYuCtgfa-pDKDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=17 excerpt and text search]