*Akan, Emel (November 18, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/white-house-on-track-to-help-50-million-women-in-developing-world_3149574.html White House on Track to Help 50 Million Women in Developing World]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
*Sun, Mengqi (December 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-blacklists-foreign-officials-support-networks-for-alleged-corruption-11575931212 U.S. Blacklists Foreign Officials, Support Networks for Alleged Corruption]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
*Mead, Walter Russell (December 23, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pompeo-champions-the-faithful-11577144946 Pompeo Champions the Faithful]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
*Madden, Nate (December 26, 2019). [https://www.conservativereview.com/news/trump-administration-names-shames-worlds-9-worst-countries-religious-persecution/ Trump administration names and shames the world’s 9 worst countries for religious persecution]. ''Conservative Review''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
See also:
*Lind, Michael (October 13, 2019). [https://nationalinterest.org/feature/return-geoeconomics-87826 The Return of Geoeconomics]. ''The National Interest''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</ref> The administration's conservative and nationalist policies had diverged significantly from the liberal and globalist policies of many European countries.<ref>Multiple references:
See also:
*Alexander, Ali (November 20, 2019). [https://amgreatness.com/2019/11/20/global-media-war-on-nationalists-targets-trump-bolsonaro/ Global Media War on Nationalists Targets Trump, Bolsonaro]. ''American Greatness''. Retrieved November 21, 2019.</ref>
For foreign policy achievements related to trade policy, see [[Donald Trump achievements: Trade policy]]. For foreign policy achievements related to environmental policy, see [[Donald Trump achievements: Energy and environmental policy]]. For military operations targeting terrorist groups and individuals, see [[Donald Trump achievements: Military, national security, and anti-terrorism]].
==Legislation signed, 2019==
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-usa-legislation-exp/explainer-u-s-legislation-on-hong-kong-what-does-it-mean-idUSKBN1XV0G5 Explainer: U.S. legislation on Hong Kong: what does it mean?] ''Reuters''. November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
*DeMarche, Edmund (November 29, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/beijing-threats-over-bill-supporting-hong-kong-laughable-china-expert-says Beijing's threats over bill supporting Hong Kong ’laughable,’ China expert says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 29, 2019.</ref>
*October 11, 2019- Just days after announcing that he was withdrawing troops from Syria, President Trump decided to send thousands more to Saudi Arabia. This in effect resulted in a net increase in the number of American troops present in the Middle East.[https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/10/11/thousands-more-troops-deploying-saudi-arabia-iran-threatens.html]
*December 20, 2019—In a defense spending bill President Trump signed this day, the U.S. enacted a law sanctioning the Nord Stream 2 pipeline being built between Russia and Germany.<ref>Multiple references:
*Forrest, Brett; Pancevski, Bojan (December 11, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-gas-pipeline-to-europe-faces-sanctions-under-u-s-defense-bill-11576065601 Russia’s Gas Pipeline to Europe Faces Sanctions Under U.S. Defense Bill]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Tapscott, Mark (December 10, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/deal-on-defense-bill-includes-tough-sanctions-against-russias-newest-gas-pipeline-to-europe_3170544.html US Defense Bill Deal Includes Tough Sanctions Against Russia’s Newest Gas Pipeline to Europe]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Stieber, Zachary (December 28, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-sanctions-russia-over-gas-pipeline-russia-vows-to-move-forward_3181505.html US Sanctions Russia Over Gas Pipeline; Russia Vows to Move Forward]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Gardner, Timothy (December 20, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-nord-stream-allseas/russia-gas-export-pipeline-in-jeopardy-as-trump-signs-sanctions-bill-idUSKBN1YP00Z Russia gas export pipeline in jeopardy as Trump signs sanctions bill]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Pancevski, Bojan (December 21, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-halt-work-on-russias-gas-pipeline-to-europe-11576929267 U.S. Sanctions Halt Work on Russia’s Gas Pipeline to Europe]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Flatley, Daniel; Nicola, Stefan; Krukowska, Ewa (December 20, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-21/russian-pipeline-work-halted-on-threat-of-u-s-sanctions Work on Russia Pipeline May Grind to Halt on Trump Sanctions]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*[https://www.voanews.com/usa/trump-approves-russia-europe-gas-pipeline-sanctions Trump Approves Russia-Europe Gas Pipeline Sanctions]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''AFP''). December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Goodenough, Patrick (December 22, 2019). [https://cnsnews.com/article/international/patrick-goodenough/sanctions-targeting-baltic-pipeline-rattle-russia-benefit Sanctions Targeting Baltic Sea Pipeline Rattle Russia, Benefit Ukraine]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Ellyatt, Holly (December 18, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/18/us-sanctions-on-nord-stream-2-pipeline.html US greenlights sanctions on mega Russia-EU gas pipeline, but it’s probably too late]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Keating, Dave (December 21, 2019). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/12/21/trump-imposes-sanctions-to-stop-nord-stream-2--but-its-too-late/#769704615df1 Trump Imposes Sanctions To Stop Nord Stream 2 – But It’s Too late]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
See also:
*Moulson, Geir (December 21, 2019). [https://apnews.com/c7e7f8430df21f9fe77acba9549c9106 Firm suspends Nord Stream 2 pipeline work over US sanctions]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Scott, Mark (December 21, 2019). [https://www.politico.eu/article/nord-stream-2-russia-sanctions-us-donald-trump/ Pipe-laying company suspends Nord Stream 2 work over US sanctions]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50879435 Nord Stream 2: Germany and Russia decry US sanctions]. ''BBC News''. December 21, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Peker, Emre; Kantchev, Georgi (December 21, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/russia-ukraine-agree-to-gas-flows-to-eu-as-u-s-sanctions-hit-pipeline-project-11576940348 Russia, Ukraine Agree to Gas Flows to EU, as U.S. Sanctions Hit Pipeline Project]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Lee, Matthew (December 17, 2019). [https://apnews.com/f3c437e59dd2f9f03dc8c9ab4b881e74 Congress takes aim at Syrian war crimes, Russian aggression]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Betz, Bradford (December 17, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pentagon-budget-syria-iran-russia-sanctions Pentagon budget would hit Syria, Iran, Russia with tough sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Gardner, Timothy (December 30, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-nord-stream/u-s-sanctions-block-hurry-up-work-on-russian-gas-pipeline-officials-idUSKBN1YY0SS U.S. sanctions block hurry-up work on Russian gas pipeline: officials]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 30, 2019.</ref>
==Executive actions, 2019==
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-usa-military-factbox/factbox-u-s-and-south-koreas-security-arrangement-cost-of-troops-idUSKBN1XN09I Factbox: U.S. and South Korea's security arrangement, cost of troops]. ''Reuters''. November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
*Rogan, Tom (November 15, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/yes-south-korea-should-contribute-more-to-us-military-costs Yes, South Korea should contribute more to US military costs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
*Carpenter, Ted Galen (November 21, 2019). [https://nationalinterest.org/blog/skeptics/trump’s-bold-east-asia-defense-financial-burden-sharing-campaign-98552 Trump’s Bold East Asia Defense Financial Burden-Sharing Campaign]. ''The National Interest''. Retrieved November 22, 2019.*Jeong, Andrew (January 7, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/to-make-korea-pay-more-for-security-trump-has-to-show-his-shopping-list-11578393004 To Make Korea Pay More for Security, Trump Has to Show His Shopping List]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 7, 2020.</ref>
*March 26, 2019—Secretary of State Pompeo announced the U.S. would expand the pro-life [[Mexico City Policy]] so that any organization that supports pro-abortion organizations would lose U.S. funding.<ref name="PompeoExpandsM.C.P"/> Pompeo announced the [[Organization of American States]] would be the first organization to lose American funding because of the new policy.<ref name="PompeoExpandsM.C.P">Multiple references:
*O'Reilly, Andrew (March 26, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pompeo-announces-expansion-of-us-ban-on-aid-to-groups-providing-abortion-related-services Pompeo announces expansion of US ban on aid to groups providing abortion-related services]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
*Pollak, Joel B. (December 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/12/12/trumps-support-among-orthodox-jews-has-risen-from-54-to-89/ Trump’s Support Among Orthodox Jews Has Risen from 54% to 89%]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
*Phillips, Jack (December 12, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trumps-support-among-orthodox-jews-is-at-89-percent-poll_3172472.html Trump’s Support Among Orthodox Jews Is at 89 Percent: Poll]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
*Greenblatt, Jason D. (December 26, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/jason-greenblatt-palestinian-terror-attack-shows-israel-needs-us-support-trump-gives-it-sanders-wouldnt Jason Greenblatt: Israel can count on Trump, not Sanders, when under attack]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
Contrast with Democrats:
*Pollak, Joel B. (May 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/06/israel-no-comment-from-democrat-presidential-candidates-about-gaza-rockets/ Not One Democrat Presidential Candidate Defended Israel During Rocket Attacks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
*Boteach, Shmuley (November 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2019/11/28/jews-are-thankful-that-trump-recognized-our-biblical-connection-to-judea-and-samaria/ Rabbi Shmuley: Jews Are Thankful that Trump Recognized Our Biblical Connection to Judea and Samaria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
*Klein, Morton (December 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2019/12/02/morton-klein-107-democrats-are-wrong-about-judea-and-samaria/ Morton Klein: 107 Democrats Are Wrong About Judea and Samaria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
*Danan, Deborah (December 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2019/12/17/pompeo-blasts-democrats-foolish-fixation-on-israeli-settlements/ Pompeo Blasts Democrats’ ‘Foolish Fixation’ On Israeli Settlements]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 17, 2019.*Ayyub, Rami (January 8, 2020). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-settlements/pompeo-says-u-s-support-for-israeli-settlements-advances-peace-with-palestinians-idUSKBN1Z71LT Pompeo says U.S. support for Israeli settlements advances peace with Palestinians]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 8, 2020.*Danan, Deborah (January 9, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2020/01/09/watch-pompeo-u-s-disavows-carter-era-anti-settlement-policy/ Mike Pompeo: U.S. ‘Disavows’ Carter-era Policy on Israeli Settlements]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</ref>
===Latin America===
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-space/brazil-senate-approves-technology-safeguard-agreement-with-u-s-idUSKBN1XM2YN Brazil Senate approves technology safeguard agreement with U.S.] ''Reuters''. November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
See also:
*Kelly, Sean (April 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/436967-why-the-us-is-partnering-with-brazil-in-space-race-against-china Why the US is partnering with Brazil in space race against China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 2, 2019.*De Castro, Fernando (January 10, 2020). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/brazil-envisions-space-progress-with-new-us-brazil-safeguards-agreement_3168530.html Brazil Envisions Space Progress With New US-Brazil Safeguards Agreement]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</ref> Presidents Trump and Bolsonaro met again on June 28, 2019, at the G20 summit.<ref>Multiple references:
*Martel, Frances (June 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/latin-america/2019/06/28/trump-bolsonaro-discuss-chinas-threat-to-the-americas-in-g20-meeting/ Trump, Bolsonaro Discuss China’s Threat to the Americas in G20 Meeting]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
*Howell, Tom (June 28, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/28/trump-brazilian-president-trade-praise-talk-trade-/ Trump meets with Brazilian president, says Democratic Party will change name to 'Socialist Party']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
*Torrens, Claudia; Goodman, Joshua (September 23, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/5c331bbf8b954b0392aa997b1d973b0d US allies invoke treaty to pressure Venezuela’s Maduro]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
*Gehrke, Joel (September 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/no-more-parties-in-panama-key-latin-american-nations-to-reinforce-us-sanctions-on-maduro-regime No more parties in Panama: Key Latin American nations to reinforce US sanctions on Maduro regime]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 26, 2019.</ref>
**January 23, 2019—The United States, under President Trump, recognized the [[Venezuela]]'s opposition leader, [[Juan Guaidó]], as the country's interim president rather than [[Nicolas Maduro]].<ref>Multiple references:
*Spiering, Charlie (January 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/23/donald-trump-recognizes-venezuelan-juan-guaido-interim-president-venezuela/ Donald Trump Recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
*Castro, Maolis; Forero, Juan; Vyas, Kejal (January 23, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tens-of-thousands-protest-venezuelan-president-maduro-11548264274 U.S. Recognizes Venezuelan Opposition Leader as Interim President]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
*Martel, Frances (September 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/latin-america/2019/09/12/martel-in-venezuela-john-bolton-bet-on-socialists-and-lost/ Martel: In Venezuela, John Bolton Bet on Socialists and Lost]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
*Gilfoyle, Kimberly (September 13, 2019). [https://townhall.com/columnists/kimberlyguilfoyle/2019/09/13/in-venezuela-america-is-the-beacon-of-hope-for-a-struggling-nation-n2553029 In Venezuela, America Is the Beacon of Hope for a Struggling Nation]. ''Townhall''. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
*Martel, Frances (January 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/latin-america/2019/01/26/venezuela-new-president-is-a-socialist/ Maduro Regime, American Left Ignore Socialist Pedigree of Venezuela’s New President]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
*Kew, Ben (January 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/01/25/venezuelas-opposition-divided-trusting-socialist-president-juan-guaido/ Venezuela’s Opposition Divided on Trusting Socialist President Juan Guaidó]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
President Trump called Guaidó a few days later to congratulate him:
*Salaa, Vivian (January 30, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/venezuelas-maduro-calls-for-talks-with-opposition-amid-political-turmoil-11548839504 Trump Congratulates Venezuela Opposition Leader]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
*Evans, Bonnie (December 7, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-eu-and-india-mount-incomplete-but-increasingly-co-ordinated-response-to-chinas-maritime-claims_3167963.html US, EU, and India Mount Incomplete but Increasingly Co-ordinated Response to China’s Maritime Claims]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
*Fu, Eva (December 10, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-european-union-spotlight-chinese-regime-repression-on-human-rights-day_3170624.html US, EU Spotlight Chinese Regime’s Repression on Human Rights Day]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
*Gertz, Bill (December 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/19/mike-pompeo-says-chinese-rejecting-communist-party/ EXCLUSIVE: Mike Pompeo says the Chinese people are rejecting ruling Communist Party]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.*Bosco, Joseph (December 24, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/475634-taiwan-and-the-us-are-in-sync-as-security-partners-against-communist Taiwan and the US are in sync as security partners against Communist China's aggression]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 24, 2019.*Akan, Emel (December 25, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-joined-by-nations-around-the-world-in-cracking-down-on-chinese-investment_3185130.html US Joined by Nations Around the World in Cracking Down on Chinese Investment]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.</ref><ref name="PompeoChinaSpeech">Gertz, Bill (October 31, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/31/pompeo-communist-party-not-chinese-people-threaten/ Pompeo: Communist Party, not Chinese people, threatens U.S. and global security]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 31, 2019.</ref> and the [[establishment]] adopted his policies toward to country.<ref>Multiple references:
*Hanson, Victor Davis (February 26, 2019). [https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/02/establishment-adopts-trump-views-china-military-threat-trade/ The Establishment Goes Trump on China]. ''National Review''. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
*Pollak, Joel B. (May 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/podcast/2019/05/17/blue-state-blues-an-unexpected-bipartisan-convergence-on-china/ Blue State Blues: An Unexpected Bipartisan Convergence on China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
*Veazey, Simon (December 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/atolls-and-missiles-military-continues-pivot-to-great-power-competition_3179851.html Atolls and Missiles: Military Continues Pivot to Great Power Competition]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.</ref>
For Trump Administration actions regarding China on trade-related issues, see [[Donald Trump achievements: Trade policy#2019]]. For actions related to national security and military issues, see [[Donald Trump achievements: Military, national security, and anti-terrorism (2019)]].
*Several times in 2019, the U.S. Navy intentionally sailed in disputed waters claimed by China, such as the [[South China Sea]] and the Taiwan Strait.<ref>Multiple references:
[[File:Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un at the DMZ, June 2019.jpg|thumb|250px|President Trump and [[Kim Jong-un]] meet at the Demilitarized Zone, June 30, 2019]]
The Trump Administration took actions related to North Korea. While continuing to take a strong stance against the country, he made a serious effort to pursue peace.<ref>Boyer, Dave (October 22, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/22/trump-new-book-says-obama-was-stupid-avoid-talks-n/ Trump believes Obama was 'stupid' to avoid talks with North Korea's Kim, according to new book]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.<br>See also:
*Furr, Amy (November 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/11/20/fact-check-biden-falsely-claims-trump-gave-north-korea-everything-they-want/ Fact Check: Biden Falsely Claims Trump Gave North Korea ‘Everything They Want’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 21, 2019.*[https://apnews.com/418c2d6d02afceeb3cfca3d7ada77a18 Ups and downs in Trump-Kim nuclear diplomacy]. ''Associated Press''. January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.*[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/1/ups-and-downs-in-trump-kim-nuclear-diplomacy/ Ups and downs in Trump-Kim nuclear diplomacy]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2020.</ref>
*February 27–28, 2019—President Trump held a second summit with [[North Korea]]n dictator [[Kim Jong-un]] in [[Vietnam]]<ref>Multiple references:
*Lederer, Edith M. (December 6, 2019). [https://apnews.com/8973d0a5d464e7c337e8b7f8b35eb634 US envoy: US has `other tools’ if Iran’s bad actions go on]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
*Ghasseminejad, Saeed (December 12, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/saeed-ghasseminejad-trumps-iran-strategy-is-working-as-islamic-dictatorship-guns-down-protesters Saeed Ghasseminejad: Trump’s Iran strategy is working. Here’s why]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*Kelly, Laura (December 29, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/476058-trump-escalates-pressure-campaign-on-tehran-with-appeal-to-iranians Trump escalates pressure campaign on Tehran with appeal to Iranians]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
*Starr, Penny (December 31, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/12/31/lleft-slams-trump-for-protecting-americans-and-u-s-embassy-in-iraq/ Left Slams Trump for Protecting Americans and U.S. Embassy in Iraq]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
These actions reportedly included cyberattacks on Iran:
*Abdollah, Tami (June 22, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/f01492c3dbd14856bce41d776248921f AP sources: US struck Iranian military computers this week]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
*Pearce, Tim (September 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/house-of-cards-us-tariffs-are-crippling-irans-pension-funds 'House of cards': US tariffs are crippling Iran's pension funds]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-economy-imf/iran-economy-to-shrink-9-5-this-year-amid-tighter-u-s-sanctions-says-imf-idUSKBN1WU28M Iran economy to shrink 9.5% this year amid tighter U.S. sanctions, says IMF]. ''Reuters''. October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
*Talley, Ian (December 3, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-cut-off-from-vital-cash-reserves-is-approaching-economic-peril-u-s-says-11575369002 Iran, Cut Off From Vital Cash Reserves, Faces Deeper Economic Peril, U.S. Says]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
*Pollak, Joel B. (January 1, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/01/01/iran-trumps-200bn-sanctions-have-wiped-out-obamas-150bn-nuclear-deal/ Iran: Trump’s $200bn Sanctions Have Wiped Out Obama’s $150bn Nuclear Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
These sanctions also severely hurt Hezbollah's finances:
*Mora, Edwin (June 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/06/19/trumps-iran-sanctions-force-hezbollah-to-resort-to-piggy-banks-in-grocery-stores/ Trump’s Iran Sanctions Force Hezbollah to Resort to ‘Piggy Banks in Grocery Stores’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-syria-sanctions/u-s-sanctions-firm-it-says-provides-jet-fuel-to-russia-in-syria-idUSKBN1WB1YV U.S. sanctions firm it says provides jet fuel to Russia in Syria]. ''Reuters''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
*Bugajski, Janusz (December 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/472534-trumps-russia-scorecard Trump's Russia scorecard]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
*Taylor, Guy (December 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/13/us-russia-power-game-simmers-latin-america-trump-s/ U.S.-Russia power game simmers in Latin America; Trump slaps new sanctions on Nicaragua]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.*Boyer, Dave (December 30, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/30/putin-thanked-trump-us-stopping-terrorism-plot-whi/ White House confirms Putin thanked Trump for U.S. stopping terrorism plot]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 1, 2020.</ref>
*February 1, 2019—The U.S. announced it would withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty due to Russia violating it for several years.<ref name="USwithdrawsINF"/> On March 11, 2019, the U.S. announced it would begin production of parts for missile systems that had been banned under the treaty,<ref name="MissilePartsINF"/> and it officially withdrew from the treaty on August 2, 2019.<ref name="USwithdrawsINFaugust"/> On August 19, 2019, the Pentagon announced it had tested a missile banned under the former treaty.<ref name="TestAugust2019"/> On December 12, 2019, the U.S. tested a new land-based intermediate-range missile that had been banned under the former treaty.<ref name="MissileTest12/2019"/>
See also:
*Musto, Julia (October 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/media/rand-paul-syria-turkey-trump-ceasefire Rand Paul praises President Trump's 'extraordinary breakthrough' in Syria]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 23, 2019.</ref>
*By late 2019, U.S. relations with [[Saudi Arabia]] had become significantly more friendly than they had been during the Obama Administration.<ref>Upadhayaya, Venus (October 24, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-saudi-relations-improve-as-trump-seals-the-gap-left-by-obama_3117946.html US-Saudi Relations Improve as Trump Seals the Gap Left by Obama]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 24, 2019.</ref>
*November 19, 2019—The U.S. and Australia signed an agreement to increase their cooperation on rare earth minerals research to counter China's dominance in that area.<ref>Multiple references:
*McDonnell, Alan (November 21, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-hedges-against-china-threats-with-australian-critical-minerals-alliance_3152601.html US Hedges Against China Threats With Australian Critical Minerals Alliance]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
*Binder, John (November 3, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/11/03/veterans-oppose-endless-wars-support-trump/ Veterans Oppose the Endless Wars, Back Trump: ‘A Lot of Wasted Lives’ for ‘a Goal We Never Accomplished’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
*McIntyre, Jamie (December 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/afghanistan-papers-make-trumps-case-for-ending-the-war Afghanistan Papers make Trump’s case for ending the war]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
*Byas, Steve (January 2, 2020). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/34500-iraq-embassy-attack-illustrates-dangers-of-continued-interventionism Iraq Embassy Attack Illustrates Dangers of Continued Interventionism]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
Criticism from conservatives and non-interventionists of President Trump on this matter, arguing his actions and rhetoric did not match:
*Wolfgang, Ben; Taylor, Ben (October 14, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/14/trump-saudi-arabia-deployment-undercuts-bid-end-fo/ Trump's bid to end 'forever wars' undercut by Saudi troop deployment]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
*Larison, Daniel (December 3, 2019). [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/there-has-been-no-retrenchment-under-trump/ There Has Been No Retrenchment Under Trump]. ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
*MacDonald, Paul K.; Parent, Joseph M. (December 3, 2019). [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2019-12-03/trump-didnt-shrink-us-military-commitments-abroad-he-expanded-them Trump Didn’t Shrink U.S. Military Commitments Abroad—He Expanded Them]. ''Foreign Affairs''. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
*Purple, Matt (December 5, 2019). [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/this-is-what-withdrawal-looks-like/ This Is What ‘Withdrawal’ Looks Like]. ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved December 6, 2019.*Horowitz, Daniel (December 26, 2019). [https://www.conservativereview.com/news/pentagon-continues-push-soldiers-afghanistan-bringing-middle-eastern-military-personnel-train/ The Pentagon continues to push our soldiers in Afghanistan while bringing in more Middle Eastern military personnel to train here]. ''Conservative Review''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.*Boland, Barabra (January 3, 2020). [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/silent-surge-over-18000-american-troops-deployed-in-middle-east/ Silent Surge: Over 18,000 American Troops Deployed In Middle East]. ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved January 4, 2020.</ref> In his [[State of the Union Address]], President Trump defended his decision to withdraw U.S. soldiers from the Middle East, stating that "great nations do not fight endless wars."<ref>Multiple references:
*Wolfgang, Ben (February 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/feb/5/donald-trump-decries-endless-wars-stands-controver/ Trump decries 'endless wars,' stands by Syria withdrawal]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
*Gehrke, Joel (February 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/trump-great-nations-do-not-fight-endless-wars Trump: 'Great nations do not fight endless wars']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
*Shawn, Eric (December 18, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ambassadors-ric-grenell-kelly-craft-lgbtq-countries-united-nations Ambassadors Ric Grenell, Kelly Craft call out 69 countries that criminalize gay people]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
*Gennarini, Stefano (December 20, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pro-transgender-un-members-reject-trump-admins-pro-gay-foreign-policy-proposal Pro-transgender UN members reject Trump admin’s pro-gay foreign policy proposal]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''C-Fam''). Retrieved December 20, 2019.
*Smith, Rob (January 4, 2020). [https://humanevents.com/2020/01/04/qatar-uses-aj-to-meddle-in-our-culture-war/ Qatar Uses AJ+ To Meddle In Our Culture War.] ''Human Events''. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
The U.S. withdrew a pro-LGBT ambassador to Zambia after his criticisms of the country's traditional policies:
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zambia-lgbt/u-s-recalls-its-ambassador-to-zambia-after-gay-rights-row-sources-idUSKBN1YR1S2 U.S. recalls its ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row: sources]. ''Reuters''. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
*Mastrangelo, Dominick (December 23, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/us-recalls-ambassador-to-zambia-over-support-for-gay-rights US recalls ambassador to Zambia over support for gay rights]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
*Freiburger, Calvin (December 23, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/us-withdraws-ambassador-who-urged-zambia-to-embrace-homosexuality US withdraws ambassador who urged Zambia to embrace homosexuality]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zambia-lgtb/zambia-u-s-ambassador-crossed-line-by-defending-jailed-gay-couple-idUSKBN1YS16X Zambia: U.S. ambassador crossed line by defending jailed gay couple]. ''Reuters''. December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.*Miles, Frank (December 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-recalls-ambassador-to-zambia-after-he-criticized-jailing-of-gay-couple-report US recalls ambassador to Zambia after he criticized jailing of gay couple: Report]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.</ref> Consistent conservatives opposed this action for interfering with national sovereignty and for illustrating the administration's misplaced priorities,<ref>Multiple references:
*Clabough, Raven (February 20, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/31522-foreign-policy-overreach-trumps-campaign-to-decriminalize-homosexuality Foreign Policy Overreach: Trump’s Campaign to Decriminalize Homosexuality]. ''The New American''. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
*Freiburger, Calvin (February 20, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trump-admin-announces-global-push-to-decriminalize-homosexuality-report Trump admin announces global push to decriminalize homosexuality: report]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
*Whiton, Christian (February 26, 2019). [https://townhall.com/columnists/christianwhiton/2019/02/26/media-response-to-trumps-initiative-to-defend-gay-human-rights-riddled-with-hypocrisy-n2542204 Media Response to Trump’s Initiative To Defend Gay Human Rights Riddled With Hypocrisy]. ''Townhall''. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
*Savage, Rachel (September 25, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/united-nations-lgbt-usa/rights-advocates-call-trumps-pledge-to-decriminalize-gay-sex-a-lie-idUSL5N26G5ZK Rights advocates call Trump's pledge to decriminalize gay sex 'a lie']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 27, 2019.</ref>
*December 20, 2019—The defense spending bill President Trump signed this day<ref>Multiple references:
*Stimson, Brie (December 21, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-signs-1-4-trillion-spending-bill-that-includes-space-force-avoids-shutdown Trump signs $1.4T spending bill that includes Space Force, avoids shutdown]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Boyer, Dave (December 20, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/20/donald-trump-signs-738-billion-defense-bill-creati/ Trump signs $738 billion defense bill creating new Space Force]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Jackson, David (December 20, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/20/donald-trump-signs-defense-bill-create-space-force-expand-leave/4407266002/ Donald Trump signs defense bill that creates Space Force, expands parental leave]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Brokaw, Sommer (December 21, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2019/12/21/Trump-signs-738B-defense-bill-creating-Space-Force/7481576937030/ Trump signs $738B defense bill creating Space Force]. ''UPI''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
*Conklin, Audrey (December 21, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/trump-738-billion-defense-bill Trump touts $738B defense spending bill]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.</ref> included provisions either banning him from leaving or making it more difficult for him to leave various international organizations and treaties, including NATO, the New START treaty, and the Open Skies treaty.<ref>Gould, Joe (December 10, 2019). [https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2019/12/10/defense-policy-deal-creates-space-force-sidesteps-border-wall-controversy/ Defense policy deal creates Space Force, sidesteps border wall controversy]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.</ref>
*Although he would ultimately fire John Bolton in September over Bolton's opposition to talks with the Taliban, Trump failed to take such action following other incidents earlier in the year which also warranted a firing. These included Bolton's public support for socialist Juan Guaido[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-bolton/uss-bolton-urges-venezuelan-military-support-after-guaido-seeks-backing-idUSKCN1S61HN][https://www.ozy.com/opinion/venezuelas-standoff-is-socialist-vs-socialist/92589], his hawkish statements on Syria[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/us-troop-withdrawal-syria-defeat-isis-trump-john-bolton-terrorism-a8713931.html][https://www.rt.com/usa/448602-ron-paul-fire-bolton/], the Grace 1 incident[https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/did-john-bolton-light-the-fuse-of-the-uk-iranian-tanker-crisis/], and his behind-the-scenes sabatoge of Trump's attempts to begin talks with Iran.[https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-how-bolton-netanyahu-and-pompeo-sabotaged-trump-s-dream-of-talks-with-iran-1.8937077]
*Trump also failed to take action against Secretary of State Mike Pompeo despite being complicit in many of Bolton's antics. In addition, Pompeo had antics of his own throughout 2019. These included his infamous "we lied, we cheated, we stole" remarks[https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/mike-pompeo-says-we-lied-we-cheated-we-stole-in-cia/vi-AAEKX7U] and his circumvention of presidential authority during and immediately following the alleged attacks on American bases in Iraq by Iranian proxies. Defense Secretary Mark Esper and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff [[Mark Milley]] were complicit in the latter incident.[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2019/12/29/u-s-military-strikes-iranian-militia-in-iraq-and-northern-syria-secretary-pompeo-and-esper-briefing/][https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2019/12/30/important-discussion-col-douglas-macgregor-has-suspicions-about-pompeo-esper-and-miley/][https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2019/12/31/mission-accomplished-chaos-created-the-pompeo-esper-and-milley-iraq-operation/]
==References==