Gini coefficient of inequality
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The Gini coefficient of inequality is a measure of how uneven or unequal a distribution is. The ratio varies between no inequality (0) and complete inequality (1). The Gini index is the Gini coefficient multiplied by 100, like a percentage.
On a Lorenz diagram, the Gini coefficient of inequality equals the area between the Lorenz curve and the diagonal line divided by the entire area that lies underneath the diagonal line.[1]
The Gini coefficient was developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in his 1912 paper entitled (in Italian) Variability and Mutability.
Criticism
It is far from clear what, if any, real significance there is to the Gini coefficient.