A gambit in chess sacrifices a piece, typically a pawn, in order to acquire a superior overall position, such as better control of the center of the board.
Here are some examples:[1]
2-move:
Old Benoni Gambit: 1.d4 c5
Duras Gambit: 1.e4 f5
Jaenisch Gambit: 1.c4 b5
Ross Gambit: 1.Nf3 e5
From Gambit: 1.f4 e5
less common:
Birmingham Gambit: 1.b4 c5
Herrstrom Gambit: 1.Nf3 g5
Englund Gambit: 1.d4 e5 (disfavored and not used by top players)
3-move:
King's Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.f4 (also known as the "king of all gambits," this pulls the black central pawn to the side, leaving White with control of the center)
Queen's Gambit: 1.d4 d5 2.c4
Blackmar-Diemer Gambit: 1.d4 d5 2.e4
Sicilian Wing Gambit: 1.e4 c5 2.b4
Gibbins-Weidenhagen Gambit: 1.d4 Nf6 2.g4
Zilbermints-Benoni Gambit: 1.d4 c5 2.b4
Omega Gambit: 1.d4 Nf6 2.e4
Staunton Gambit: 1.d4 f5 2.e4
Krejcik Gambit: 1.d4 f5 2.g4
Alekhine: Krejcik: 1.e4 Nf6 2.Bc4
John Tracy Gambit: 1.e4 Nf6 2.Nf3
Réti Gambit: 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4
English Wing Gambit: 1.c4 c5 2.b4
Wagner-Zwitersch Gambit: 1.f4 f5 2.e4
Wade Gambit: 1.c4 f5 2.g4
Hickmann Gambit: 1.c4 f5 2.e4
Wheeler Gambit: 1.e4 Nc6 2.b4
Grob Gambit: 1.g4 d5 2.Bg2c
3-move countergambit:
Calabrese Countergambit: 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5
4-move:
Budapest Gambit: 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5
Soller Gambit: 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 f6
Hartlaub-Charlick Gambit: 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 d6
QGD Zilbermints Gambit: 1.d4 d5 2.c4 b5
Pyrenees Gambit: 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 b5
Maddigan Gambit: 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e5
Beyer Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.d4 d5
Khan Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 d5
Blackburne-Kloosterboer Gambit: 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 c6
Elephant Gambit: 1. e4 e5 2.Nf3 d5
Latvian Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5
Busch-Gass Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Bc5
Gunderam Gambit: 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 c6
Mosquito Gambit: 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Qh4
4-move countergambits:
Albin Countergambit: 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e5
Colorado Countergambit: 1.e4 Nc6 2.Nf3 f5
Panteldakis Countergambit: 1.e4 e5 2.f4 f5
Zilbermints Double Countergambit: 1.e4 e5 2.f4 g5