Philosopher of Protestantism
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The “Philosopher of Protestantism” was Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), a German philosopher who was raised and died a Lutheran but questioned and analyzed is own faith.
Kant transformed German Protestantism from a dependence on a literal interpretation of the Bible into a dependence on each person’s own mind as the ultimate religious authority. He shifted the German faith away from the Bible and towards a dogmatic voluntarism and sentimentalism. Phenomena “are nothing but ideas, and cannot exist at all beyond our minds.” He concluded that revelation and churches can at best be “adventitious aids.”