Difference between revisions of "User talk:MarkGall"

From Conservapedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Replaced content with 'Blessed are those that follow Stephen Colbert. Stephen loves us all; let thou follow his guiding light!')
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{welcome|sig=[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]<sub><small><small>/Admin</small></small></sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 00:50, 10 June 2009 (EDT)}}
+
Blessed are those that follow [[Stephen Colbert]].  Stephen loves us all; let thou follow his guiding light!
−
 
 
−
Hello there, Mark! I am truly glad to see that you are adding new pages for Obama's "Czars." So far, so good for a newcomer to Conservapedia!
 
−
-[[User:RKLuffy88|RKLuffy88]]
 
−
 
 
−
== Czars... ==
 
−
 
 
−
<big>Great work, Mark, but can we please consolidate these into one Obama Czar article?</big> --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]<sub><small><small>/Admin</small></small></sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 22:10, 11 June 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:As before, I'm happy to merge them -- I only created seperate pages since it was requested on the main page by DeanS to fill in red links he added to [[Obama Administration]].  What should the new article be titled, and how would you recommend laying it out? --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 16:44, 7 July 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
::One would have to find the articles, as they are not linked from the Obama Administration page.  If you can do that, provide the links, I can move them onto the same page, entitled Obama Administration Czars. --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]<sub><small><small>/Admin</small></small></sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 21:31, 7 July 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:::Here they are:
 
−
:::[[Alan Bersin]], [[Steven Rattner]], [[Gil Kerlikowske]], [[Paul A. Volcker]], [[Carol Browner]], [[Jeffrey Zients]], [[Cameron Davis]], [[Nancy-Ann DeParle]], [[John Brennan]], [[Dennis Blair]], [[Kenneth R. Feinberg]], [[Cass R. Sunstein]], [[Vivek Kundra]], [[Adolfo Carrion, Jr.]], [[Gary Samore]]
 
−
:::These are all linked at [[Obama Administration]] (the sixth section, "czars"), which ought to be updated accordingly. I can go through and clean up the redundant information once your merge is finished. Thanks! --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 21:46, 7 July 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== String Theory ==
 
−
 
 
−
Thanks for adding the attributions to Givental, Lian, Liu, and Yau. Don't ask me why I left out such an important credit.--[[User:Lemonpeel|Lemonpeel]] 12:36, 16 June 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
*Lotrsw86? --[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]<sub><small><small>/Admin</small></small></sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 05:13, 23 June 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
::Who/what is Lotrsw86?  If you suspect me of having another username, I assure you that's not the case.  I hope it's clear from my contributions by now that I'm not a vandal. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 11:12, 23 June 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
==Math articles==
 
−
If you please, try to place an example of a problem within the math articles that are posted.  For instance, in your [[Fundamental group]] article there could be a problem within each subtopic, broken down in a step-by-step manner to lead the reader in understanding and solving it.  Think this is possible?  [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 01:42, 4 July 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:I like your idea about problems in the math articles.  The issue here is that it's difficult to come up with problems on the fundamental group that could really be answered at this level.  An exposition at this level doesn't give the reader the knowledge to solve any real problems.  I don't even prove what the fundamental group of the circle is -- a proof requires much more theory than is in the article, but the intuition is clear.  I could ask for intuitive guesses about fundamental groups, but just about every space that a new reader knows about is given as an example already!  I will try to think something up, I'm sure it can be done.
 
−
:In the article [[differential geometry]] which I did a bit of work on a couple weeks ago, I inserted "motivating questions" in a few places, to indicate why someone would care about it.  I can certainly do this in the fundamental group article.  Actually, I was thinking that on the front page [[mathematics]], it would be neat to put motivating questions under all the headers you created, to give a flavor of these areas of mathematics. What do you think of that idea? --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 09:33, 4 July 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
::I added two problems/solutions to [[fundamental group]].  What do you think?  One is for conceptual understanding, while one tests ability to manipulate the definitions.  I'll try to add more.  What do you think? --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 21:51, 7 July 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== big bang ==
 
−
You undid my edit; why? The list of astronomers I posted contained many people who are far more knowledgeable than either Arp or Burbidge, as evidenced by their continued research in the field of cosmology. While Arp and Geoff might be fine astronomers, they certainly do not understand the preponderance of data that contradicts their pet theories; if their's are notable names to be attached to an article in opposition to the Big Band Theory, why should the names of proponents not be included?
 
−
 
 
−
:You added a useless list of mostly obscure scientists. It did nothing to improve the exposition of the article and created the appearance that the theory is more widely supported among scientists than it actually is. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 16:53, 2 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
==Edit summaries==
 
−
 
 
−
Hi, Mark. Could you be more specific than ''reinserted some correct info'' when you edit difficult or advanced articles like [[Infinity]]? Our readers and contributors need to know WHAT is being inserted and WHY. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 10:36, 18 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:My apologies.  I was reinserting some correct information which I had inadvertently removed when taking out some apparent vandalism, and didn't think to state what it actually was.  That material's been there for some time so I hope it won't be controversial, but I'll try to pay more attention in the future. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 11:28, 18 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
::Excellent edit summary here. [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Windows_bugs&curid=87465&diff=701666&oldid=701664&rcid=768499] Keep this link for a get-out-of-jail-free card! ;-) --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 18:42, 18 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Possibility ==
 
−
 
 
−
Mark, it just dawned on me that you might enjoy teaching a math course here to high school homeschoolers.  Just a thought for you to consider ...--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:42, 19 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Mr. Schlafly, I would certainly love to do that at some point.  Unfortunately, for now I don't have time to put in the effort it would require to do it well -- I'm busy enough teaching undergrads (who I suspect are much less motivated than the homeschoolers here!) and keeping up with my own work.  I'd consider it at some point in the future, perhaps next year so I can develop materials over the summer.  I saw that you once tried to start up a [[Conservapedia:Critical_Thinking_in_Math|math course]] here -- if enough interest materializes again, I'd be happy to be an assistant teacher and help out as much as I'm able! --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 10:49, 19 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:: Mark, that's fine and I appreciate your work ethic!  Maybe I'll get a math course started sometime early next year, and with your help it can grow.
 
−
 
 
−
:: The advantage of teaching with the wiki software is that a course can improve dramatically each time it is taught.  I'm seeing that with the Economics course now.  Thanks again for your insights and effort.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:35, 19 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Templates etc. ==
 
−
 
 
−
(Sorry about ping-ponging this thread all over my page, Andy's page, and your page, but it will be finished very soon.)
 
−
 
 
−
Thanks for weighing in on this.  I've made the "H" change, calculus; I don't think there's any issue about that one.
 
−
 
 
−
On the "A" change (topology/Riemann), I've been going back and forth in my mind about how to do this.  I don't think that it being an open question or not is really important.  These things are really just decorations.  Though I think the best description should be along the lines of "You should know what the equation to the left is talking about before reading this article."  (Sort of like the "You must be this tall to go on this ride" signs at amusement parks :-)  Or maybe it should be stronger, as in "You should know what this is talking about ''and be able to solve it''."  Which of course means Riemann is not suitable.  And I think the higher homotopy groups would cut me out.  :-(  My topology study ended at about the point of the higher homotopy groups. :-(  In any case, by the "and be able to solve it" criterion, which works for the other 3 templates, pi-1 of S-1 is about right.
 
−
 
 
−
In any case, let me know if this is OK, or if you want pi-m of S-n, and we can let Andy re-protect them.  Unprotecting the two lower ones ("E" and "M") was not necessary; it was never my intention to modify those, but I was in too big a hurry last night, at 12 minutes past midnight, to deal with such subtleties.  [[User:PatrickD|PatrickD]] 09:51, 22 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Sure, sounds good to me.  \pi_1(S^1) is about the right level.  Thanks for fixing this! --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 14:19, 22 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Incompleteness Theorem ==
 
−
 
 
−
Mark:
 
−
 
 
−
I'm planning to work on the issues of logic, completeness, undecidability, and the Gödel incompleteness theorem next.  Basically, everywhere I look, I see things to do, and I happened to look at the [[Undecidable]] page and the [[Axiom]] page.  The latter is fairly straightforward -- the characterization of the axioms of geometry being "challenged" by Non-Euclidean geometry needs to be clarified.
 
−
 
 
−
But the "undecidable" stuff needs a lot more care.  I'm pretty sure I understand the issues, but I'm not 100% sure, so I want to run it by you.  It seems to me that essentially all of the material about "Famous undecidable statements" is wrong.  These may be statements that are at the edge of what ZF and ZFC mean, but they don't relate to the Gödel incompleteness theorem.  And "undecidablility" is about the Gödel incompleteness theorem, ''not'' about the axioms of ZF.
 
−
 
 
−
My understanding is that the Gödel incompleteness theorem says, roughly
 
−
:*Any logical system rich enough to express integer arithmetic is "incomplete" in the sense that it is not true that, for every well-formed formula F, either F or not F is a theorem (has a proof in that logic).
 
−
The logical systems being analyzed by Gödel are simple logics about integers, with nowhere near the sophistication of ZF or ZFC.  The non-provability of AC in plain ZF is not really what the Gödel incompleteness theorem is about.  You simply add AC, get ZFC, note that the result is still consistent (that is, you now have a trivial proof of AC because it is an axiom, but you do not have a proof of not-AC) and move on.
 
−
 
 
−
Hence, it seems to me that all the things in the article related to AC (Banach-Tarski, Continuum hypothesis, large cardinals, non-measurable sets) belong in a different article, since they distract from Gödel's contribution.  Only the halting problem (a result from the closely related field of theoretical computer science) is directly relevant to Gödel.  And that's what "decidability" should be about.
 
−
 
 
−
Of course, fact that neither AC nor not-AC has a proof in ZF is an example of incompletness, but it's not what Gödel was talking about.  That is, plain ZF is incomplete, but incomplete logics are a dime a dozen.  Gödel showed that ''no'' logic rich enough for integers could be complete.
 
−
 
 
−
Does this make sense?
 
−
 
 
−
[[User:PatrickD|PatrickD]] 23:07, 23 September 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Hi Patrick,
 
−
 
 
−
:Logic's not my forte (you may have noticed I haven't really touched those articles), but I believe everything you say is correct.  I am certain that the only thing on the list of "undecidable problems" which is actually undecidable is the halting problem.  "Undecidable" is certainly not the same thing as "not provable within ZF", and choice is independent of ZF, not undecidable.  Your statement of incompleteness is also good, and I think understandable. 
 
−
 
 
−
:If you haven't seen it, there's a nice little book called "Godel's Proof" by Nagel that sketches the proof (in 100+ pages) in a fairly nontechnical way.  I couldn't give a formal statement of the theorem, but your summary is more or less the same as the one there.  I'm looking forward to seeing the article!
 
−
 
 
−
== [[Dirichlet's theorem]] ==
 
−
 
 
−
Thanks for explaining the requirement!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:38, 1 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:No problem... thanks for catching the error in the statement!  Can't believe I missed that one. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 00:48, 1 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Functors ==
 
−
 
 
−
Sorry to mess up your elegant article on mathematical functors with low-class computer stuff, but there are probably more people familiar with the latter usage.  :-(
 
−
 
 
−
Was the material on contravariant functors OK?  I remember learning about this back in college.  The cohomology functor is contravariant, right?
 
−
 
 
−
[[User:PatrickD|PatrickD]] 15:31, 1 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:My article's not elegant at all!  It's just a cleanup until the CP treatment of category theory gets redone (if ever; I don't think it's a high priority).  Thanks for adding the CS definition -- I'd heard the term, but never knew what it was before!  I think the ideal situation would be a single page about basic notions in category theory -- definition of category, examples, definition of functor, examples, definition of natural transformation, examples, ....  It doesn't make sense to me for functor to have its own page.  I'd put things like "pushout square" and "adjoint functor" on their own pages, if they were ever written, but I'm not sure they belong here.
 
−
 
 
−
:You're right on about contravariant functors.  I probably should've mentioned it.  Sometimes these days when people write "functor" they just mean covariant functor, and a controvariant functor from A is just regarded as a covariant functor from A^op (A with all arrows reversed).  It's definitely more illuminating this way, and cohomology is indeed an example.
 
−
 
 
−
:The other example I'm thinking about adding is Hom(-,V) and Hom(V,-), both functors from Vect_k to Vect_k.  Given a fixed vector space V, Hom(-,V) is the functor that sends an object W in Vect_k to the set of linear maps from W to V, which is itself a vector space.  The first of these is contravariant and the second is covariant (or the other way, I always get it wrong), and it's easy to write down why.  It's a nice pair of examples in an easy-to-understand category. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 17:00, 1 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Awesome work! ==
 
−
 
 
−
Great job on some of these math articles, especially all that content to diffeomorphism! [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 17:57, 1 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Thanks!  I'm not really sure what to do with that one -- the notion and examples are obvious to anyone who knows what a smooth manifold is, but not very useful to anyone else.  It's a hard thing to motivate.  But hopefully the exotic spheres will be news to some.  Jump in if you have any ideas to make it easier to read for people with less background!
 
−
 
 
−
If you like the geometric style argument we talked about on [[Talk:Essay:Quantifying Openmindedness]], you should check out "Visual Complex Analysis" by Tristan Needham, a doctoral student of Roger Penrose.  It's full of cool geometric arguments for complex analysis and Riemann manifolds that I haven't seen anywhere else. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 00:11, 2 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:I'm a big fan of that book!  I was a teaching assistant in a complex analysis course a couple years ago, and almost all of my review sessions (an hour a week) consisted of presenting the arguments from Needham to try to convince the students the theorems were plausible!  My intuitions in physics are really bad, I ought to work on seeing things like that.  Do you know any physics books along those lines? --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 00:43, 2 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
::Oh, that's awesome!  I had the privilege of studying under Dr. Needham at USF, in private sessions my senior year, and I know for a fact that he is working on a similar book for differential geometry.  He based the methods of the book off of Newton's Principia, which uses tons and tons of geometric arguments (and a similar lack of rigor!), and Misner Thorne Wheeler is another book recommended by Dr. Needham, and riddled with geometric arguments.  Even if you're not interested in GR, it's an excellent resource for differential geometry. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 01:05, 2 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:::Actually, I had a Fields medalist professor recommend once that we all read Needham's book, that's where I heard about it in the first place.  I wish the differential geometry one had come out earlier -- my text had almost no geometry at all.  GR is something that I'm hoping to understand better -- I'll definitely give Misner Thorne Wheeler a look.  Thanks! --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 01:16, 2 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
::::A Fields medalist professor?  That's so cool, who is it? [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 01:20, 2 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
==Typo==
 
−
Good work MarkGall, you have become a real contributor here.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 15:29, 3 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
I've learned a great deal from you Mark.  Your catching the typo was one of many examples.  Thanks.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:31, 3 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Blocking and editing ==
 
−
 
 
−
Mark, you've received well-deserved blocking and night editing.  Congratulations!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:52, 6 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Thanks, I appreciate it!  Yet another distraction from those late-night problem sets.  Is there a page where I can learn how to block correctly? --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 19:19, 6 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Gravity ==
 
−
 
 
−
I finally got around to reading the gravity material in [[Talk:Essay:Quantifying_Openmindedness]],
 
−
and there are a lot of correct things, a few things that may miss the point slightly, and a few instances of people talking past each other unnecessarily.
 
−
 
 
−
First, you are absolutely right that the divergence theorem establishes an exponent of exactly 2 for divergenceless vector fields in flat Euclidean space.  But there's no reason to require that the gravitational "field" be divergenceless.  In fact, it could be argued that "dark energy" creates the nonzero divergence, if people used a pure classical gravitational "field", which they don't.
 
−
 
 
−
Remember that Newton's formula was a mathematically exact consequence of Kepler's laws (ellipses, focus, equal-area law, etc.), which were an exact geometrical formulation from Brahe's not-completely-exact observations.  And that all this was done hundreds of years before the divergence theorem.  Newton was exactly matching Kepler's laws, and therefore set the exponent to exactly 2.  That was exactly the correct thing to do, in terms of the observations available at the time.
 
−
 
 
−
But I think the reasoning in terms of geometry and divergences and "the force spreading out over a greater area" isn't right.  The notion of forces being inversely proportional to the square of the distance is something that comes from optics and electromagnetism.  We know that light power must diminish exactly as the square of the distance because it contains energy, energy is conserved, and the vacuum is completely transparent.  But there is no such requirement for the gravitational "field" of the Sun.  It doesn't emit energy.  If gravity worked differently, Kepler's geometrical laws might have been different, and Newton very well might have made the force inversely proportional to r<sup>3</sup>.  He was fitting data; he knew nothing about divergences or the flatness of space.
 
−
 
 
−
Andy also makes the very valid point that a mathematical theory must obey physical observations, and, if it doesn't, that theory needs to be re-examined.  So the question might well have been worded as:
 
−
*Do you think that is impossible that the correct behavior of gravity is that of Newtonian gravity, but with the gravitational force proportional to 1/r<sup>2.00000001</sup>, rather than 1/r<sup>2</sup>?
 
−
We could make other similar questions:
 
−
*Do you think that is impossible that the formula F = ma (or E = mc<sup>2</sup>, or E = h&nu;, or any other famous formula) is not correct?
 
−
But formulating the gravity question in terms of an exponent of 2.00000001 may not be the right way to formulate the question.  It is well known that alternative exponents don't work.  This was tried around 1900, to explain the anomalous perihelion shift of Mercury, but it didn't work.  There is no one exponent that works for both Mercury and Earth.  General Relativity is the accepted better explanation, though it is known that there are problems with that -- quantum gravity, cosmological constant, dark energy, and a peculiar behavior of the Voyager spacecraft.
 
−
 
 
−
Now one ''could'' ask whether the person is openminded enough to question the "experts" that have analyzed the Mercury data, and understand General Relativity, and have crunched the numbers.  After all, very few people have crunched the numbers; they depend on perceived "experts".  So, in view of question 13, this may be a valid question to ask:
 
−
*Do you think it impossible that General Relativity is not correct?
 
−
But I doubt that many people who doubt General Relativity believe that going back to Newton's theory with a different exponent is the way to go.  Unless, of course, they have crunched those numbers.
 
−
 
 
−
[[User:PatrickD|PatrickD]] 00:17, 7 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:You raise some interesting points.  To your question "Do you think that is impossible that the correct behavior of gravity is that of Newtonian gravity, but with the gravitational force proportional to 1/r<sup>2.00000001</sup>, rather than 1/r<sup>2</sup>?", I might still answer no, on the grounds that if there is divergence in the gravitational field, then I wouldn't consider the force to be Newtonian gravity: you need dark energy, or an object creating a force from outside itself (possibly I'm wrong about this -- would you agree with this statement at least?)
 
−
:I agree that a theory must fit observation, and some question along these lines would be fine -- it strikes me as odd to ask things about gravity being an inverse square law, since (at least as I understand physics), outside of the Newtonian context we don't really want think about gravity as a force with such and such strength at such and such distance anyway.  And if we're talking about gravity not being an inverse-square law, then to me, we're no longer talking about Newtonian physics anyway.  Some of your other suggested formulae I don't know the derivations of -- I bet there's another one that I'd prefer to use for this question.
 
−
:I also like your point about trusting experts in science.  To some extent, this is necessary -- I'm not sure I have any personal reason to believe in the germ theory of disease, much less general relativity: I'm just taking someone's word for it.  Obviously how much we should trust the experts on a particular subject depends on a lot of things.  I bet some philosopher of science has thought hard about this -- I'd be interested to read the results! --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 00:33, 7 October 2009 (EDT) (hope I didn't forget to respond to anything!) 
 
−
:Fantastic job on [[complex number]], by the way.
 
−
 
 
−
I'm sorry for butting in here, but something caught my eye:
 
−
 
 
−
*"Do you think it impossible that General Relativity is not correct?"
 
−
 
 
−
As physicists, we rarely talk about theories in terms of "correct" or "incorrect," simply because there's more nuance to it than that. Theories are tools, so we tend to judge them not in terms of absolute right and wrong, but rather in terms of degrees of usefulness.
 
−
 
 
−
Consider the Newtonian formulation of gravity. Under certain conditions, like the motions of planetary bodies in the solar system farther from the sun than the Earth is, the Newton equations provide very accurate predictions. That is, if you put known values into the equations and get answers out, the answers will very closely match your observations. But under other conditions, like the motion of Mercury, the Newton equations give answers that don't match observations. Does that mean the equations are absolutely incorrect? Well, no. It just means that those equations aren't a ''complete'' formulation of gravitation. They're an approximation. Which is why today physicists typically refer to the "Newtonian approximation," rather than the Newtonian theory.
 
−
 
 
−
For hundreds of years, Newton's formulation of gravity was believed to be ''correct.'' Later, we made observations that showed Newton's formulation was an approximation, not a complete description of how bodies behave in gravitational fields. Does that mean that Newton's formulation is now ''incorrect?'' No, it just means we better understand the limits of Newton's approximation.
 
−
 
 
−
Which brings me back to my point: As of today, we have ''no'' understanding whatsoever of the limits of general relativity. So far, every observation we've made about the universe, from falling apples to the motions of the most distant galaxies, fit perfectly into general relativity. Does that mean general relativity is ''correct?'' Of course not! It just means that general relativity appears to be a ''very good'' approximation. If we later discover the limits of that approximation — say for example, observations of certain astronomical objects can't be explained within the math of general relativity — does that mean general relativity is ''incorrect?'' No, that would just mean we better understand the limits of the approximation.
 
−
 
 
−
If we want to talk about the "correctness" or "incorrectness" of a theory, we need to understand (in my opinion) that we're operating on a spectrum. At one end, we have "this theory makes no predictions at all that agree with observations." At the other, we have "every prediction this theory makes agrees with observations." Most theories in physics lie somewhere to the right of the middle of that spectrum: most predictions made by theory X are supported by observations, but not all of them. Only a few theories are on the far right edge of the spectrum, where ''no'' observations have yet been made that contradict the theory. These theories are, for obvious reasons, generally the youngest of all theories, simply because we're not motivated to come up with new theories until existing theories have been called into question by observation.
 
−
 
 
−
Right now, special and general relativity, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics and the Standard Model are all on the far right edge of the spectrum. To date, none of those theories has been contradicted by experimental evidence. Of those, my personal opinion is that the Standard Model is the closest to being contradicted. Under that theory, given certain circumstances ''X'' there's a 95% confidence that we'll detect the Higgs. So far, we haven't detected the Higgs at that energy level, or some significantly higher energy levels. Does that mean the Higgs doesn't exist? No, it just means we failed to find it in places where the theory says it ''could'' have been found. So we keep looking. If it doesn't appear after a good, long search, then the Standard Model will need revising. In that case, will the Standard Model be declared "incorrect?" No, we won't just toss it in the bin and start over. We'll say "Okay, the Standard Model is incomplete, let's improve it."
 
−
 
 
−
Theories like the various quantum gravity and electrostrong proposals aren't anywhere on that spectrum yet, because we've yet to refine them to the point where they make unique testable predictions. A theory that doesn't predict anything that isn't predicted by another theory isn't really a theory at all; it doesn't go "out on a limb." Once quantum gravity and electrostrong theories are mature enough to go out on that limb, then we'll be able to judge whether their predictions match up with observations.
 
−
 
 
−
Part of the challenge, of course, is that theoretical physics has very nearly explained everything that's ever been observed. In order to come up with new, better theories, we need new observations, and for that we're going to need better telescopes and colliders. Right now, the theoreticians are a couple of steps ahead of the engineers, and believe me when I say it's a frustrating time to be a physicist.
 
−
 
 
−
Anyway, getting back to the point: Is it possible that general relativity is not ''complete?'' Of course it is. I'll even go one step further and say that it's ''practically guaranteed'' that general relativity is incomplete, just like Newton's theory before it was incomplete, and Galileo's theory before that was incomplete. But in order to call general relativity (or any other theory in physics) ''incorrect,'' it seems to me that we'd have to put it all the way at the end of that spectrum where ''none'' of the predictions made by the theory match up with observations. That's simply not true, so in that interpretation, no, it's not possible that general relativity is "not correct."
 
−
 
 
−
So if you want to think of it this way, the question can be answered truthfully with either a yes or no, depending on what "incorrect" means when we apply it to a theory in physics.
 
−
 
 
−
Science in general, and physics in particular, concerns itself with objective truth, the observed versus the unobserved, seen versus unseen. But a theory is not a statement of objective truth. It's just a tool for making predictions, and as such it's neither correct nor incorrect, but instead is described as being more useful or less useful.
 
−
 
 
−
Anyway, I suppose that's neither here nor there, but I saw this discussion here and felt like chiming in with my perspective.--[[User:KSorenson|KSorenson]] 17:17, 12 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
:Thanks for your post, KSorenson.  It's quite well-put, and I think I more or less agree with your points.  Unfortunately I'm pretty busy tonight (problem set), so I can't read too carefully or make much of a response now -- please don't interpret this as a lack of interest (or objection to "verbosity")!  I'll try to post something once I have time to read more carefully. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 18:44, 12 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
== Pictures, etc. ==
 
−
 
 
−
(Now that things have quieted down to the point where I don't have a 75% failure rate when I try to view a page.)
 
−
 
 
−
Warning -- long, rambling message!
 
−
 
 
−
About gravity:
 
−
 
 
−
:... if we're talking about gravity not being an inverse-square law, then to me, we're no longer talking about Newtonian physics anyway.
 
−
 
 
−
Yes, someone else had mentioned the point that Newton's law is Newton's law, and Newton said 2.0; case closed.  You would have to call it something else.  That's why my "straw man" question had been carefully worded "... the correct behavior of gravity is that of Newtonian gravity, but with ...".
 
−
 
 
−
The issue of trusting experts (I'm not about to reconstruct a few thousand years of science experiments in my basement; the Hubble telescope won't fit) is central to the whole question, and is what the "quantifying openmindedness" question should be aimed at.  But I have no idea how to phrase that question in the right way.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
About complex numbers:  Thanks for the kind words.  I need all the public support I can get.
 
−
 
 
−
I see that my picture request has gotten noticed by an admin (Jpatt).  I had been about to ask you, here, to do what you could to get some action, since I'm staying strictly off of admins' talk pages.  But Jpatt's "If he provides the pic link, no problem" comment shows that either he doesn't appreciate the difficulty, or else I don't appreciate what "pic link" means.  I need to either mail the jpeg to someone (and the normal Conservapedia "email this user" feature doesn't take attachments) or I need to be given access to some web site, somewhere on the planet, that I can upload it to.  And no, I'm not going to create a facebook account :-(
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
About the Riemann mapping theorem:  Conformal map displays, that is, graphs of horizontal and vertical lines as mapped under analytic functions, are very pretty to look at.  Can you outline for me what the square/circle function would be?  I may have known it at one time, but I sure can't remember it now.  It sort of goes crazy in the "corners", I believe.
 
−
 
 
−
As far as software to create it, I recall that William Beason had once named "winplot", something that I had never heard of.  But I looked at the WP page for a random diagram (Argand diagrams from their complex number article, naturally!), and they have some nice pictures, with the usual explanation of how they got them.  Answer:  Matlab!  For example, go to the "geometric interpretation of the operations" section of their "complex number" page.  (I won't give the URL; I can't stand the captcha.)  Click on a picture; look at the properties.  You'll see the actual Matlab code.  So we could do this sort of thing.  But I don't have Matlab; it's hugely expensive.  Further looking around shows that there's a free program from the FSF called GNU Octave.  This might be worth checking out.  That is, if either of us finds ourselves with an enormous excess of spare time :-)  If this works out, we should be able to put something on the [[Tips for writing math and science articles]] page.
 
−
 
 
−
There's also a little graphing program I wrote for my own use that might be able to be pressed into service.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
About the "imaginary number" fiasco.  This guy needs to be watched carefully.  Not with a "bot", but with human eyeballs.  I think he's a fairly obvious parodist trying to get his jollies by singlehandedly creating another Bible translation / Stephen Colbert phenomenon.  He has a zero chance of succeeding in any case; he won't get 2 million Google hits with that kind of garbage.  I had planned to revert with an edit comment along the lines of "We have a higher standard of logic here; proving that there is no real number satisfying X doesn't show that there is no complex number satisfying X."  His "proof" makes no sense anyway, even though it's a proof of something that can be shown in 1 or 2 lines.
 
−
 
 
−
Then I saw that you had jumped in, and figured that I ought to jump in with a redirect.
 
−
 
 
−
Oh, I see he's at it again, at 13:00 EDT.  I'd rather not engage him personally; I'm keeping a low profile, especially on talk pages.
 
−
 
 
−
:Thanks for the tip about graphing.  The usual way to construct conformal maps between polygons and a circle is using [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarz%E2%80%93Christoffel_mapping Schwartz-Christoffel mappings].  Unfortunately this is a bit of a pain to compute, but I think the square <-> circle example is a particularly nice one for people who have seen this before, and might not be too impressed by circle <-> upper half plane or other such.  I'll take a look at your suggestions when I have a chance -- I think I may have tried to do this in mathematica once as well.  Unfortunately I don't have upload rights to help you, but I'll keep at that talk page.
 
−
:I've got my eye on Mr. Conservative Math Project too.  I do not think he will be long for this site; I'll ban him if he posts any more nonsense.  --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 13:38, 12 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Userbox ==
 
−
 
 
−
I thought you might like this userbox. [[Template:User weapon‎]]--[[User:DuncanB|Duncan]]<sup>[[User talk:DuncanB|Channel 16]]</sup> 21:37, 14 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Thanks! It's a bit conflicted with the beliefs expressed in my other userbox, but I can appreciate the sentiment (: --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 21:56, 14 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Great block ==
 
−
 
 
−
Great block and reversions this evening, Mark!  Meanwhile, I'm going to see how Calculus is covered in your superb [[Majoring in Mathematics]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:04, 17 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Thanks!  I think calculus might not be in there at all yet, but it probably ought to be.  Maybe there can be a section called "basic tools" or something at the top, dealing with calculus and linear algebra.  The outline of the article is growing faster than I have time to fill it in!  Please do add your new suggestions to the page, and I'll keep working whenever I have time.  It's the middle of the semester now, and things are getting busy again. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 23:14, 17 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Good Bezout's theorem addition ==
 
−
 
 
−
Great addition of Bezout's theorem!
 
−
 
 
−
I wonder if we have enough on advanced calculus, though admittedly that is often handled in engineering rather than math departments.  Perhaps it is folded into differential geometry in most math departments.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:37, 24 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== MemeShock ==
 
−
 
 
−
Here's the language engineering site I was mentioning:
 
−
 
 
−
http://www.facebook.com/search/?q=memeshock&init=quick#/group.php?gid=12621914298&ref=search&sid=26704564.4138542612..1
 
−
 
 
−
And here's our dictionary of terms. (3.0 edition)
 
−
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12621914298&v=app_2373072738&ref=search#/topic.php?uid=12621914298&topic=9162
 
−
 
 
−
== Bezout, etc. etc. ==
 
−
 
 
−
I've been given some nice graphing software (by a former editor on this site!), and I think I can create some nice graphs for your material on Bezout's theorem.  My guess would be that the things we would want are
 
−
*A parabola and a slanted straight line, showing two intersections.
 
−
*Two ellipses, similar but rotated from each other, showing four intersections.
 
−
*Two cubics&mdash;exaggerated Chebyshev polynomials to show all the kinks&mdash;tilted relative to each other, and showing nine intersections.
 
−
I have created the third of these.
 
−
 
 
−
Do you agree that that's about the quantity and examples that are appropriate?  They will have to be uploaded by the same mechanism as before&mdash;email to Jpatt.
 
−
 
 
−
Now my question.  You seem to be interested in putting this stuff (along with a lot of other stuff) in the "majoring in math" article.  It seems to me that this material should be in a page by itself.  The same could be said for many of the other items.  What is your vision for "majoring in math"?  Is it OK to make brief mention of all these topics and then point to the various other articles?  Or do you want it to be more or less self contained?
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
On other matters, the vector space stuff looks very interesting.  I find myself drawn in many directions at once, with nowhere near enough time to do what I'd like.  I've been doing some stuff with deduction/induction (as you may have noticed), and several other topics have caught my attention.  And I haven't finished with the "number" hierarchy!  I think rationals, reals, and complexes are done, but there are integers and natural numbers still to do.  And I'd like to do a really good jobs with Peano's axioms as part of the natural number overhaul.  And, of course, put Dedekind's "God made the integers..." quote at the top of the whole thing :-)  And I still haven't finished the real analysis, what does "compact" really mean, etc. etc.  So little time, so much to do.
 
−
 
 
−
Speaking of induction/induction, DWiggins needs watching, as SRFoster did before him.  They both seem to have a modus operandi of: put in something that looks plausible but is in fact obviously wrong to any mathematically literate person, then repeatedly argue the point when called out on it.  (There are a few people from farther back who also did this sort of thing.)
 
−
 
 
−
There are probably some other things to talk about, but that's enough for now.  [[User:PatrickD|PatrickD]] 18:00, 31 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
:Those sound like good examples for Bezout -- I didn't really have anything in mind.  Thanks for taking the initiative on that one.  I'm hoping that Majoring in Math can contain just a paragraph or two about each of these problems, with heavy emphasis on examples and motivation and probably no rigor in even stating theorems.  I really would like it to be a more-or-less self-contained presentation, with links to other pages for more detail. I think my blurbs there should be at about the level of the introductory text to full articles on these topics (though many of them don't have full articles, or need them).  I do think the scope of that page might be getting a bit out of control for this to be reasonable... I'll try to shorten it up a bit.  Is there anything in particular that's already written that you'd suggest splitting off?  I'm certainly welcome to any suggestions for that page, as it's still in a fairly early state.
 
−
 
 
−
:It looks like you're doing a great job on the "number" articles -- let me know if there's anything I can do to help.  I've been doing most of my serious work on Majoring in Math, since I don't think there's too much point in making small improvements to articles that need to be overhauled, and I don't have much time at all for editing these day, so I might as well focus on something.  I'm not planning to do much else to [[vector space]]  for now -- I just noticed that this fairly fundamental article was in pretty bad shape, so I tossed in a few examples. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 18:16, 31 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Blocking the Colbert vandal ==
 
−
 
 
−
It was a very nice catch! I was also quite amused at it - I rediscover Conservapedia as a dusty, old, bookmark in my links, see if its still alive, and aha! A vandal! Some things never change - but thanks, it's nice to be back nonetheless. [[User:AungSein|AungSein]] 19:39, 31 October 2009 (EDT)
 
−
 
 
−
== Thoughts on [[Field theory]]? ==
 
−
 
 
−
Do you have any thoughts on defining [[field theory]]?  Improvements welcome.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:22, 1 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
:Looks like a solid start to me.  I'm no physicist, but I'm always one for motivating examples at the beginning of an article.  Maybe write down the gravitational field and resulting motion for some simple system?  I think Newtonian gravitation is usually called a "classical field theory" or something along those lines, without requiring any sort of carrier particle.  I'll jump in with my thoughts when I have a chance, but I'm drowned in work this week.
 
−
:PS: I'm not sure about the claim that GR requires/predicts gravitons -- it's my understanding that gravitons come out of QFT, a framework in contrast with the GR understanding of gravity as resulting from curved spacetime.  But my knowledge here is really just from pop physics books I read a few years back -- hopefully someone with a better understanding can clarify. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 22:32, 1 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
::We should discuss the "classical" field theories first&mdash;Newtonian gravity and Faraday/Maxwell electrodynamics.  They give a clear flavor of what a "field" might be.  (Though Newton had never heard of fields; his gravity became a "gravitational field" centuries later.)  Then we should mention that General Relativity is also a field theory of sorts, but it involves tensor fields that are far beyond the scope of CP.  (Alas, GR is just too hairy for non-experts, and we can't do anything about it.)  Only then should we go into quantum field theories.  By the way, gravitons relate to quantum field theories, and were not in the original GR.  I believe they arise from Yang-Mills gauge theories, which were invented in 1954, long after GR (1915).  [[User:PatrickD|PatrickD]] 22:47, 1 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
:::PatrickD's sounds like an ideal layout to me: I think it will be helpful to distinguish between these various sorts of field theories, and we can give extremely explicit examples in the case of gravity and electromagnetism.  I'll pitch in where I have an idea, but this article probably isn't my top priority right now. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 22:58, 1 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
::::I think the contemporary meaning of "field theory" requires a force field (waves or particles or GR), and so I question whether classical gravity, with its action-at-a-distance, qualifies under contemporary usage.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:54, 1 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
:::::That's quite possible, I don't know much about contemporary usage patterns.  Even so, I think that presenting these as "classical field theories" could go a long way in clarifying the comments about the other field theories in the article (since they're much easier to understand), even if we don't want to include these as field theories proper.  We can include some material on the differences to clarify this point. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 00:42, 2 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
== Malik Hasan ==
 
−
 
 
−
In both cases there is a severe problem of alienation. --[[User:Joaquín Martínez|Joaquín Martínez]] 15:58, 12 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
:Sure, fine to leave it in then.  I cleaned up the grammar a bit.  I think a couple more sentences of context saying how the cases are similar would make it seem less out-of-the-blue.  Sorry for my mistaken edit! --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 16:00, 12 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
:: There is not a medical statement to support that both have that problem; that is why I used: "could" in the article. Please fix it. --[[User:Joaquín Martínez|Joaquín Martínez]] 16:02, 12 November 2009 (EST)
 
−
 
 
−
::: Done. --[[User:MarkGall|MarkGall]] 16:05, 12 November 2009 (EST)
 

Revision as of 22:08, November 13, 2009

Blessed are those that follow Stephen Colbert. Stephen loves us all; let thou follow his guiding light!

Retrieved from "https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:MarkGall&oldid=719846"