Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland is an island off the Canadian mainland, and is the oldest English dependency in the New World. The Vikings temporarily established a settlement in 1013AD at l'Anse-aux-Meadows. Merchants from England fished the Grand Banks as early as 1481. It became a self governing dominion in 1855 and joined confederation in 1949.

The Province of Newfoundland and Labrador includes all of the Island of Newfoundland, as well as an area of mainland, Labrador. In general usage Canadian citizens call the province "Newfoundland" still. The capital is St. John's. The population in 1991 was 568,474; 2.1% of the national population, by the 2006 census it had declined to 505,469 or 1.6% in part because of poor economic opportunities in the Territory, though recent expansion of the oil industry has vastly grown the local economy. It has an area of 405,720 km².

Further reading

• The Dictionary of Canadian Biography (1966-2006), thousands of scholarly biographies of notables who died by 1930
• Canadian Encyclopedia (2008) reliable detailed encyclopedia, on-line free
• Joseph Smallwood ed. The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's: Newfoundland Book Publishers, [1961] rev ed. 1984), 2 vol.
• Bannister, Jerry. The Rule of the Admirals: Law, Custom, and Naval Government in Newfoundland, 1699-1832. U. of Toronto Press for Osgoode Society, 2003.
• Blake, Raymond B. Canadians at Last: Canada Integrates Newfoundland as a Province. (1994). 252 pp.
• Cadigan, Sean T. Newfoundland and Labrador: A History U. of Toronto Press, 2009. Standard scholarly history
• Cadigan, Sean T. Hope and Deception in Conception Bay: Merchant-Settler Relations in Newfoundland, 1785-1855. (1995). 242 pp.
• Casey, G.J., and Elizabeth Miller, eds., Tempered Days: A Century of Newfoundland Fiction St. John's: Killick Press, 1996.
• Dickinson, Anthony B. and Sanger, Chesley W. Twentieth-Century Shore-Station Whaling in Newfoundland and Labrador. McGill-Queen's U. Press, (2005).
• Earle; Karl Mcneil. "Cousins of a Kind: The Newfoundland and Labrador Relationship with the United States" American Review of Canadian Studies Vol: 28. Issue: 4. 1998. pp : 387-411.
• English, Christopher, ed. Essays in the History of Canadian Law. Vol. 9. Two Islands: Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. (2005).
• Fay, C. R. Life and Labour in Newfoundland (1956) online edition
• Greene, John P. Between Damnation and Starvation: Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745-1855. McGill-Queen's U. Press, 2000. 340 pp.
• Guy, Raymond W. Memory is a Fickle Jade: A Collection of Historical Essays about Newfoundland and Her People. St. John's, : Creative Book Publ., 1996. 202 pp.
• David Hale. "The Newfoundland Lesson," The International Economy. v17#3 (Summer 2003). pp 52+. online edition
• Halpert, Herbert; Widdowson, J. D. A.; Lovelace, Martin J.; and Collins, Eileen, ed. Folktales of Newfoundland: The Resilience of the Oral Tradition. (1996). 1175 pp.
• Harris, Michael. Lament for an Ocean: The Collapse of the Atlantic Cod Fishery, a True Crime Story. (1998). 342 pp.
• Hiller, J. K. and Harrington, M. F., ed. The Newfoundland National Convention, 1946-1948. 2 vols. (1995). 2021 pp.
• Jackson, Lawrence. Newfoundland & Labrador (1999) ISBN 1-55041-261-2;
• Kealey, Linda, ed. Pursuing Equality: Historical Perspectives on Women in Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John's: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1993. 310 pp.
• Long, Gene. Suspended State: Newfoundland Before Canada Breakwater Books Ltd; ISBN 1-55081-144-4; (1999)
• MacKay, R.A.; Newfoundland; Economic, Diplomatic, and Strategic Studies (1946) online edition
• McCann, Phillip. Schooling in a Fishing Society: Education and Economic Conditions in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1836-1986. St. John's: Inst. of Social and Econ. Res., 1994. 277 pp.
• Neary, Peter. . Newfoundland in the North Atlantic world, 1929-1949. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996
• O'Flaherty, Patrick. Old Newfoundland: A History to 1843. St John's: Long Beach, 1999. 284 pp.
• Pope, Peter E. Fish into Wine: The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century. U. of North Carolina Press, 2004. 464 pp.
• Prowse, D.W. A History of Newfoundland. (1895) classic interpetive history full text online
• Ryan, Shannon. The Ice Hunters: A History of Newfoundland Sealing to 1914. St. John's: Breakwater Books, 1994. 525 pp.
• Sider, Gerald M. Between History and Tomorrow: Making and Breaking Everyday Life in Rural Newfoundland. Revised ed. (original published as Culture and Class in Anthropology and History: A Newfoundland Illustration, 1986). Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview, 2003.
• Wright, Miriam. A Fishery for Modern Times: The State and the Industrialization of the Newfoundland Fishery, 1934-1968. Oxford U. Press, 2001. 176 pp.

External Links

• Newfoundland Tourism