Dunning-Kruger effect

The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which a person's incompetence denies him the metacognitive ability to recognize that very incompetence and may even delude him into considering himself to have superior competence. Meanwhile, a genuinely competent person may underestimate his competence because he falsely believes that others share his competence. The effect is an example of the Lake Wobegon effect.

Liberals frequently tend to accuse conservatives of being afflicted with Dunning-Kruger (and do so out of mockery), but observation of liberal behavior as described by multiple sources demonstrate that it is actually liberals who themselves exhibit signs of Dunning-Kruger.

Journal articles

• Dunning–Kruger effects in reasoning: Theoretical implications of the failure to recognize incompetence, Gordon Pennycook, Robert M. Ross, Derek J. Koehler & Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review volume 24, pages1774–1784 (2017)
• Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments by J. Kruger and David Dunning, Journal Personality and Social Psychology. 1999 Dec;77(6):1121-34. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1121.
• The Dunning–Kruger Effect: On Being Ignorant of One's Own Ignorance by David Dunning Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 44, 2011, Pages 247-296

External links

• Dunning-Kruger Effect: What to Know, WebMD
• The Dunning-Kruger Effect, Mind Tools
• The Dunning-Kruger Effect Explained, Healthline.com
• The Dunning-Kruger effect: why and how we overestimate our own abilities