Difference between revisions of "Budapest"

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'''Budapest''' (also '''Buda-Pest''') ([[International Phonetic Alphabet for English|pronounced]] {{IPA|[ˈbʊdɑpɛʃt]}}),(approximate pronunciation, Boo-duh-pesht) is the [[Capitals of Hungary|capital]] city of [[Hungary]] and the country's principal [[political]], [[cultural]], [[commerce|commercial]], [[Industry|industrial]] and [[transportation]] center. The official language spoken is [[Hungarian_language|Hungarian]].
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'''Budapest''' is the capital of [[Hungary]].
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Budapest has approximately 2 million [http://www.eurocities.org] inhabitants, down from a mid-[[1980s]] peak of 2.1 million. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river [[Danube]] with the amalgamation on [[17 November]] [[1873]] of right-bank (west) [[Buda]] (''Ofen'' in [[German language|German]]) and [[Óbuda]] (Old Buda or ''Alt-Ofen'') together with [[Pest (city)|Pest]] on the left (east) bank.<!--Note for editors: left and right are counted with rivers from their source, i.e. looking south in the case of the Danube near Budapest.--> It is the [[Largest cities of the European Union by population|ninth most populous city in the European Union]].
 
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== History ==
 
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Budapest's [[recorded history]] begins with the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] town of ''[[Aquincum]]'', founded around [[89|AD 89]] on the site of an earlier [[Celts|Celtic]] settlement near what was to become [[Óbuda]], and from [[106]] until the end of the [[4th century]] the capital of the province of lower [[Pannonia]]. Aquincum was the base camp of [[Legio II Adiutrix|Legio II ''Adiutrix'']]. The area of [[Campona]] (today's [[Nagytétény]]) belongs to Buda as well. Today's Pest became the site of ''Contra Aquincum'' (or ''Trans Aquincum''), a smaller sentry point.  The word Pest (or ''Peshta'') is thought to originate from the [[Bolgar language]], (thought to be a [[Turkic language]], not related to modern [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], which is a [[Slavic language]]) because at the time of the reign of the Bulgarian Khan [[Krum]] (approximately [[796]]-[[814]]), the town was under Bulgar dominion. The area then became a homeland for the [[Eurasian Avars|Avars]] and some [[Slavic peoples]].
 
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[[Image:Budapestbridge100.jpg|left|thumb|Széchenyi Chain Bridge, Grasham Palace, St Stephen's Basilika]]
 
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The area was occupied around the year [[900]] by the [[Magyars]] of [[Central Asia]], the cultural and linguistic ancestors of today's ethnic Hungarians, who a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary. Already a place of some significance, Pest recovered rapidly from its destruction by [[Mongols|Mongol]] invaders in [[1241]], but it was [[Buda]], the seat of a royal castle since [[1247]], which in [[1361]] became the [[capital]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]].
 
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[[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary|Matthias Corvinus]] was 15 when he was elected King of Hungary. Matthias was educated in Italian, and his fascination with the achievements of the Italian Renaissance led to the promotion of Mediterranean cultural influences in Hungary.
 
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His library, the [[Bibliotheca Corviniana]], was Europe's greatest collection of historical chronicles and philosophic and scientific works in the 15th century, and second only in size to the [[Vatican Library]].
 
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The [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[Ottoman Hungary|conquest of most of Hungary]] in the [[16th century]] interrupted the cities' growth: Buda and Pest fell to the invaders in [[1541]]. While Buda remained the seat of a Turkish pasha, and administrative center of a whole [[vilayet]], Pest was largely derelict by the time of their recapture in [[1686]] by [[Austria]]'s [[Habsburg]] rulers, who since [[1526]] had been [[List of Hungarian rulers|Kings of Hungary]] despite their loss of most of the country.
 
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It was [[Pest (city)|Pest]], a bustling commercial town, which enjoyed the faster growth rate in the [[18th century|18th]] and [[19th century|19th]] century and contributed the overwhelming majority of the cities' combined growth in the 19th. By [[1800]] its population was larger than that of Buda and Óbuda combined. The population of Pest grew twenty-fold in the following century to 600,000, while that of Buda and Óbuda quintupled.
 
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The fusion of the three cities under a single administration, first enacted by the Hungarian revolutionary government in [[1849]] but revoked on the subsequent restoration of Habsburg authority, was finally effected by the autonomous Hungarian royal government established under the Austro-Hungarian [[Ausgleich]] ("Compromise") of [[1867]]; ''see [[Austria-Hungary]]''. The total population of the unified capital grew nearly sevenfold in [[1840]]&ndash;[[1900]] to 730,000.
 
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During the [[20th century]], most population growth occurred in the suburbs, with [[Újpest]] more than doubling between [[1890]]&ndash;[[1910]] and [[Kispest]] more than quintupling in [[1900]]&ndash;[[1920]], as much of the country's industry came to be concentrated in the city.
 
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The country's human losses during [[World War I]] and the subsequent loss of more than two thirds of the former kingdom's territory (1920) dealt only a temporary blow, leaving Budapest as the capital of a smaller but now sovereign state. By [[1930]] the city proper contained a million inhabitants, with a further 400,000 in the suburbs.
 
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Towards the end of [[World War II]] in [[1944]] Budapest was partly destroyed by British and American air raids. [[Battle of Budapest|The following siege]] lasted from [[December 24]] 1944 to [[February 13]] 1945, and major damage was caused by the attacking Soviet and defending German and Hungarian troops. All bridges were disrupted by the Germans. More than 38,000 civilians lost their lives during the fighting.
 
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Between 20% and 40% of Greater Budapest's 250,000 Jewish inhabitants died through [[Nazism|Nazi]] and [[Arrow Cross]] genocide during 1944 and early 1945. [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005458], [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005264] <!-- links to relevant materials in the ''Holocaust Encyclopedia'' on the site of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. -->  Despite this, Budapest today has the highest number of Jewish citizens per capita of any European city.
 
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On [[January 1]], [[1950]], the area of Budapest was significantly expanded: new districts were formed from the neighbouring cities and towns (see [[Greater Budapest]]). From the severe damage during the Soviet siege in 1944, the city recovered in the [[1950s]] and [[1960s]], becoming to some extent a showcase for the more pragmatic policies pursued by the country's [[Communist state|communist government]] ([[1947]]&ndash;[[1989]]) from the 1960s. Since the [[1980s]], the capital has shared with the country as a whole in increased emigration (mostly to the [[agglomeration]]) coupled with [[natural population decrease]].
 
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=== Demographic history  ===
 
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[[Image:Budapest Population graph.PNG|thumb|Population Graph]]
 
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Population:
 
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* [[1800]]: 54,200
 
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* [[1830]]: 102,700
 
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* [[1850]]: 178,000
 
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* [[1880]]: 370,800
 
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* [[1900]]: 733,400
 
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* [[1910]]: 882,000
 
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* [[1925]]: 957,800
 
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* [[1990]]: 2,016,100
 
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* [[2003]]: 1,719,343
 
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* [[2007]]: 1,698,106
 
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== Politics ==
 
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Budapest is the center of all political affairs, with most countries' embassies located in the city. – It has recently been the location of protests and violent riots, see [[2006 protests in Hungary]].
 
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== Districts ==
 
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[[Image:Budapest districts2.png|right|thumb|The District Map of Budapest]]
 
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{{main|List of districts and towns in Budapest}}
 
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Originally Budapest had 10 districts after coming into existence upon the unification of the three cities in [[1873]]. On [[1 January]] [[1950]] Budapest was united with several neighboring towns and the number of its districts was raised to 22. At that time there were changes both in the order of districts and in their sizes. Now there are 23 districts, 6 in Buda, 16 in Pest and 1 on Csepel island between them. Each district can be associated with one or more city parts named after former towns within Budapest.
 
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== Islands ==
 
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Seven islands can be found on the Danube: Hajógyári sziget (literal translation: Shipyard Island), [[Margitsziget]] (Margaret Island), and Csepel sziget (this island is a separate district of Budapest, the XXI., while the other islands are parts of other districts, the III. and XIII. respectively), Palotai-sziget (in fact, it's a peninsula today), Népsziget (connected to the above, but mostly surrounded by water), Háros-sziget and Molnár-sziget.
 
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Notable islands:
 
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[[Image:Budapest 107.jpg|thumb|Margaret Island (Margitsziget)]]
 
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* [[Margitsziget]] is a 2.5 km long island (and 0.965 km² in area) The island mostly consists of a park and is a popular recreational area for tourists and locals alike. The island lies between bridges [[Margaret Bridge]] (south) and [[Árpád Bridge]] (north). Dance clubs, [[Swimming pool]]s, an [[Aqua park]], athletic and fitness centers, bicycle and running tracks can be found around the Island. During the day the island is occupied by people doing sports, or just resting. In the summer (generally on the weekends) mostly young people go to the island at night to party in its terraces, or to just 'chill' with a bottle of alcohol on a bench or on a grass (this form of entertainment is sometimes referred to as bench-partying)
 
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*The [[Csepel Island|Csepel-sziget]] (pronounced CHE-pel see-get) or Csepel Island is the largest island of the River Danube in Hungary. It is 48 km long; its width is 6-8 km and its area comprises 257 km², whereas only the northern tip is inside the city limits.
 
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*Hajógyári-sziget (or Óbudai-sziget) is a man built island, located in the third district. This island hosts many activities such as: wake-boarding, jet-skiing during the day, and [[Nightclub|dance clubs]] during the night. This is the island where the famous [[Sziget Festival]] takes place, hosting hundreds of  performances per year and now around 400,000 visitors in its last edition. Many building projects are taking place to make this island into one of the biggest entertainment centers of Europe, the plan is to build [[Apartment building]]s, hotels, casinos and a marina.
 
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*Luppa-sziget is the smallest island of Budapest, located in the north region.
 
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<br clear="all">
 
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== Landmarks and monuments ==
 
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=== Panoramic view points ===
 
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*[[Naphegy]] panoramic view to [[Gellért Hill]], best near view to south side of [[Buda Castle]], historic district [[Krisztinaváros]]
 
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*The [[Fisherman's Bastion]] panoramic view across the Danube to [[Pest]], in the heart of the Castle District.
 
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*[[Tabán]] historic site, near panoramic view to [[Buda Castle]], [[Danube Promenade]], [[Erzsébet Bridge]], park and [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]] Memorial
 
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*[[Gellért Hill]] best far view to the Danube Bridges, [[Danube Promenade]] and [[Gellért Baths]]
 
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*[[Danube Promenade]] view to [[Buda Castle]], [[Gellert Hill]]
 
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*[[Sashegy]] impressive, far view from the top of the Natural Reserve Park to: [[Gellérthegy]], [[Naphegy]], [[Buda Castle]], [[Danube Promenade]]. Bus schedule No. 8 [http://www.bkv.hu/angol/busz/index.html] to LEJTŐ ÚT and 10 minutes to the end of the Tájék utca.
 
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*[[Széchenyi-hegy]], far view from the end of the bus-line 112 to: [[Gellérthegy]], [[Naphegy]], [[Sashegy]], [[Buda Castle]], [[Danube Promenade]]. Bus schedule No. 112 [http://www.bkv.hu/angol/busz/index5.html] (view point [http://maps.google.de/maps?ie=UTF8&om=1&z=17&ll=47.494429,18.999374&spn=0.004821,0.010042&t=h]: Thomán István utca /Tamási Áron lépcsõ).
 
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{{wide image|PestFromGellertHill 4 50mm crop full.jpg|900px| from the left [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]], [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]], [[Gresham-palota]], Hotels, [[Vigadó Concert Hall]], Hotel}}
 
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=== Sights and historic places ===
 
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:''(The below sights are grouped by location.)''
 
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[[Image:Budapestoper101.jpg|thumb|Oper]]|thumb|Oper]]
 
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[[Image:Budapestoper102.jpg|thumb|Oper]]|thumb|Oper]]
 
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[[Image:Museum Fine Arts01.jpg|thumb|Museum of Fine Arts]]
 
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[[Image:Budapest 097.jpg|thumb|Heroes Square]]
 
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* [[Andrássy Avenue]] with its several sights including the [[Hungarian State Opera House|State Opera House]], the [[Pest Broadway]] and the [[House of Terror]]
 
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*[[Bauhaus in Budapest]]: walk in Napraforgó Street, row of 22 Bauhaus villas, [[Pasarét]] and [[Újlipótváros]]
 
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* [[Buda Castle]] with the Royal Palace, the Funicular, Hungarian National Gallery and [[National Széchényi Library]], [[Matthias Church]], Holy Trinity Column (a [[plague column]]) and [[Fisherman's Bastion]]
 
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* [[City Park (Budapest)|City Park]] with [[Széchenyi Medicinal Bath]], [[Vajdahunyad Castle]], the [[Timewheel]], the Zoo, the Municipal Grand Circus and the [[Amusement park|Amusement Park]]
 
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* [[Danube Promenade]] or [[Dunakorzó]] with [[Vigadó Concert Hall]]
 
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* [[Ferenciek tere]] with [[Paris Courtyard]] and [[Erzsébet Bridge]] with [[Inner City Parish Church]] nearby
 
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* [[Franz Liszt Academy of Music]]
 
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* [[Gellért Baths]], [[Gellért Hill]] with Gellért Statue, [[Gellért Hill Cave|Cave Church]] and [[Citadel]] with [[Liberty Statue (Budapest)|Liberty Statue]]
 
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* [[Geological Museum (Budapest)|Geological Museum]]
 
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* [[Great Market Hall (Budapest)|Great Market Hall]] and [[Liberty Bridge (Budapest)|Liberty Bridge]]
 
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* [[Heroes' Square (Budapest)|Heroes' Square]] with the Millenary Monument, the [[Palace of Art (Budapest)|Palace of Art]] and the [[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts]]
 
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* [[Margaret Island]] with the Centennial Memorial, a [[Japanese garden]], a [[Musical fountain|Musical Fountain]], several recreation facilities and Franciscan, Dominican and Premonstratensian ruins from [[Middle Ages|the Middle Ages]]
 
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* [[Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Applied Arts]]
 
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* [[Hungarian National Museum|National Museum]]
 
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* [[New York Café (Budapest)|New York Café]]
 
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* [[Dohány Street Synagogue]] with the Holocaust Memorial ([[Willow|weeping willow]] statue)
 
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* [[Óbuda]]
 
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* [[Palace of Arts (Budapest)|Palace of Arts]] and [[National Theatre (Budapest)|National Theatre]]
 
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* [[Hungarian Parliament Building|Parliament Building]] with [[Stephen I of Hungary|King Stephen]]'s [[Crown of St. Stephen|crown]] and sceptre, [[Kossuth Memorial]], [[Kossuth tér|Ethnographical Museum]], [[Attila József]] statue, [[Imre Nagy]] statue
 
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* [[Saint Stephen's Basilica]]
 
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* [[Sashegy]] The largest Natural Reserve Park of Budapest
 
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* [[Shoes on the Danube Promenade]] Gyula Pauer - Holocaust Memorial
 
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* [[Statue Park (Budapest)|Statue Park]]
 
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* [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge]], [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences]] and [[Gresham Palace]]
 
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* [[Gül Baba (poet)|Tomb of Gül Baba]]
 
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* [[Váci Street]] and [[Vörösmarty Square]]
 
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* [[Western Railway Station (Budapest)|Western Railway Station]]
 
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== Shopping ==
 
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Arkad1.JPG|thumb|WestEnd City Center]] -->
 
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[[Image:Vaci utca.jpg|thumb|Váci Street (The main shopping street) in Christmas decoration]]
 
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Budapest has the most [[Shopping mall|shopping centers]] in Europe{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, including [[WestEnd City Center]], the largest shopping centre in [[Central Europe|Central and Eastern Europe]] until just recently, and the biggest [[Tesco]] and [[Auchan]] hypermarkets in the world. The [[Great Market Hall (Budapest)|Great Market Hall]] is a large indoor market and a major tourist attraction.
 
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All luxurious brands can be found, on the high streets, such as [[Andrássy Avenue]] and [[Váci utca]].
 
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== Transportation ==
 
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<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Combino_budapest.jpg|thumb|A Combino Tram in Budapest]] -->
 
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=== Airport ===
 
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[[Budapest Ferihegy International Airport]], which has 3 different passenger terminals: Ferihegy 1, which tends to serve the many [[discount airlines]] now flying to and from Budapest, Ferihegy 2/A and Ferihegy 2/B. Terminal 2/C is planned to be built. The airport is located to the east of the centre in the XVIII. district in [[Pestszentlőrinc]].
 
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[[Malév]] (Hungarian Airlines) began to change its aircraft in 2003, and by 2005 owned the most modern fleet in Europe.
 
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=== Roads ===
 
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Budapest is the most important Hungarian road terminus; all the major highways end there. Between, the city [[Street name]]s were reverted from the names given under Soviet occupation back to their late-19th century names.  Budapest is also a major [[Terminal station|railway terminus]].
 
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[[Image:BudapestKeletiStation.jpg|thumb|Budapest Keleti (Eastern) Railway Station]]
 
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[[Image:Combinobud.jpg|thumb|Line 4-6's new tram on a test run (line 1)]]
 
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[[Image:Funibud.jpg|thumb|Budapest Funicular]]<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Newmetro.jpg|thumb|250px|The prospective metro on line 2 and 4]] --><!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Volvobud.jpg|thumb|250px|Busses used during the reconstruction of M2]] -->
 
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=== Commuting with public transport ===
 
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Budapest [[public transport]] is mainly provided by [[BKV]], the company operates [[bus]]es, [[trolleybus]]es, [[tram]]s, suburban railway lines, the [[metro]], boats and many other special vehicles. Budapest's tramline is the busiest traditional city tram line in the world, with 50-metre long trains running at 60 to 90 second intervals at peak time and usually packed with people. Night traffic service is outstandingly good.
 
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===Special vehicles===
 
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Beside metros, [[HÉV|suburban rails]], buses, trams and boats, there are a couple of less usual vehicles in Budapest:
 
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* [[trolleybus]] ''(trolibusz)'' on several lines in [[Pest (city)|Pest]]
 
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* [[funicular]] ''(sikló)''; the [[Budapest Castle Hill Funicular|Castle Hill Funicular]] between the [[Széchenyi Chain Bridge|Chain Bridge]] and [[Buda Castle]]
 
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* [[cyclecar]] ''(bringóhintó)'' for rent in [[Margaret Island]]
 
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* [[chairlift]] ''(libegő)''
 
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* [[rack railway]] ''(fogaskerekű vasút)''; the [[Budapest Cog-wheel Railway]]
 
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* [[children's railway]] ''(gyermekvasút)''
 
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The latter three vehicles run among [[Buda]] hills.[[Image:Troli_pic06_large.jpg|thumb|[[Trolleybus]]]]
 
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===Railway===
 
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{{main|MÁV|HÉV}}
 
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<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Mavdesiro.JPG|left|thumb|[[One of the new generation trains of the Hungarian State Railways going to Budapest]]]] -->
 
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Hungarian main-line railways are operated by [[Hungarian State Railways|MÁV]]. There are three main railway termini in Budapest, [[Keleti pályaudvar|Keleti]] (eastern), [[Nyugati pályaudvar|Nyugati]] (western), and [[Déli pályaudvar|Déli]] (southern), operating both domestic and international rail services. Budapest was one of the main stops of the [[Orient Express]] until [[2001]], when the service was cut back to [[Paris]]-[[Vienna]].
 
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There is also a [[regional rail|suburban rail]] service in and around Budapest, operated under the name [[HÉV]].
 
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===Waterways ===
 
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The river [[Danube]] flows through Budapest on its way to the [[Black Sea]]. The river is easily navigable and so Budapest has historically been a major commercial port (at [[Csepel]]). In the summer months a scheduled hydrofoil service operates up the Danube to Vienna.
 
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== International schools ==
 
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[[Image:Budapestchurchnight100.jpg|thumb|[[Matthias Church|Mátyás Templom]], called Matthias Church in English]]
 
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[[Image:Budapestoldchurch100.jpg|thumb|Pest, old church]]
 
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Many embassies and [[transnational]] companies are located in Budapest. They bring many expatriate foreigners and their families to town, creating demand for private and international schools. These schools are usually quite expensive and are attended by the expatriates as well as some richer Hungarians.
 
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International schools:
 
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*[[Central European University]] - [http://www.ceu.hu Homepage]
 
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*[[McDaniel College]] (Budapest branch) - [http://www.mcdaniel.hu Homepage]
 
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*[[American International School of Budapest]] - [http://www.aisb.hu Homepage]
 
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*[[Thomas Mann Gymnasium]] / Deutsche Schule Budapest - [http://www.deutscheschule.hu Homepage]
 
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*International School of Budapest - [http://www.isb.hu Homepage]
 
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*International Christian School of Budapest - [http://www.icsbudapest.org Homepage]
 
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*Greater Grace International School - [http://www.ggis.hu Homepage]
 
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*British International School, Budapest - [http://www.bisb.hu Homepage]
 
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*Budapest University of Technology and Economy International Secondary School -  [http://portal.bme.hu/langs/en/default.aspx Homepage]
 
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*Britannica International School - [http://www.britannicaschool.hu Homepage]
 
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*SEK International School Budapest - [http://www.sek.hu Homepage]
 
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*Lauder Javne Jewish Community School and Kindergarten - [http://www.lauder.hu Homepage]
 
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*Budapest French School (Lycée [[Gustave Eiffel]]) - [http://web.matavnet.hu/lfb Homepage]
 
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*Austrian-Hungarian European School - [http://www.europaschule.hu Homepage]
 
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*Japanese School of Budapest - [http://www.hoshuko.hu Homepage]
 
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There is also a [[Language education|language school]]:
 
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* [[OK Nyelviskola]]
 
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Some of the city's districts are also twinned to small cities or districts of other big cities, for details see the article
 
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_districts_and_towns_in_Budapest#Sister_cities.2Fdistricts| List of districts and towns in Budapest].
 
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==References==
 
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<references/>
 
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==See also==
 
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[[Image:The 1931 Bauhaus exhibition street.jpg|thumb||The 1931 [[Bauhaus in Budapest|Bauhaus]] exhibition street
 
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Architects: various, like Lajos Kozma and József Fischer]]
 
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*[[Bauhaus in Budapest]]
 
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*[[Music of Budapest]]
 
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*[[List of cemeteries in Budapest]]
 
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*[[Urban and Suburban Transit Association]] (most of its activity is centred around Budapest)
 
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*[[Serbs of Budapest]]
 
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== External links ==
 
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===General information===
 
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{{Commons|Budapest}}
 
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{{Wikisource1911Enc|Budapest}}
 
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* [http://www.bkv.hu/angol/home/index.html Budapest Transport plc] Public transport in Budapest
 
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{{Geolinks-cityscale|47.499|19.044}}
 
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{{portal|Budapest|Hungary pest budapest-l.gif}}
 
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===Information for tourists===
 
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* {{wikitravelpar|Budapest}}
 
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<!-- no promo - hotels - apartments - lodging links please. no advertisements please. thank you. -->
 
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{{World Heritage Sites in Hungary}}
 
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{{Capital cities of the European Union}}
 
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{{Danube}}
 
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[[Category:Budapest]]
 
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[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Hungary]]
 
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[[Category:Capitals in Europe]]
 
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[[Category:Cities on the Danube]]
 
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[[Category:Spa towns in Hungary]]
 
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[[Category:Amalgamated placenames]]
 
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[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Hungary]]
 
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[[Category:Roman legions' camps in Central Europe]]
 
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[[Category:NUTS 3 Statistical Regions of Europe]]
 
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[[Category:1873 establishments]]
 
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[[Category:County seats in Hungary|Budapest]]
 
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{{Link FA|cs}}
 
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{{Link FA|eo}}
 
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It was formed by the merger of [[Buda]] and [[Pest]] in 1873. It is known for its many beautiful bridges and its striking Parliament Building.
  
  
 
[[category:cities]]
 
[[category:cities]]

Revision as of 23:10, April 25, 2007

Budapest is the capital of Hungary.

It was formed by the merger of Buda and Pest in 1873. It is known for its many beautiful bridges and its striking Parliament Building.

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