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'''''Animal Farm''''' (1946) is an [[Anti-Communist|anti-Stalinist]] "fairy story" by [[George Orwell]]. The story is a [[Satire|satirical]] [[allegory]] of the [[Russian Revolution]],<ref>"the various episodes are taken from the actual history of the Russian Revolution" [http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/ukrainian-af-pref.htm Preface to the Ukrainian Edition of Animal Farm (written by Orwell)]</ref> particularly directed against [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin's]] Russia. The story's concept of "animalism" is used by Orwell to portray a generic view of [[socialism]], similar to that first expounded by [[Karl Marx]] (''Old Major''), who Orwell believed was naïve in thinking that his philosophy would actually work. Orwell, although agreeing with the overall concept of equality through socialism,<ref>[http://www.novelguide.com/animalfarm/metaphoranalysis.html Animal Farm: Metaphor Analysis]</ref> was critical of Marx because Orwell believed that Marx didn't take into account the greed and jealousy which would eventually undermine the entire philosophy.<ref>"Orwell believed that although socialism is good as an ideal, it can never be successfully adopted due to uncontrollable sins of human nature."</ref> This idea was shown through ''Napoleon'' and the other pigs, who, through persuasion and force became the dominant authority on the farm. When Napoleon outlaws the "Beasts of England" anthem, he is demonstrating the ruthlessness of a state in which the initial ideal of socialism as a way to ensure equality among animals has been heavily distorted into a force of oppression. Many of the characters of Animal Farm are representative of real life characters or organizations involved in the Russian Revolution and are listed below.<ref>[http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~sbennet3/mead/lessonplans/animalfarm.htm Animal Farm - Comparison of characters to the Russian Revolution]</ref>