Difference between revisions of "Penguin"

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{{Taxonomy
 
{{Taxonomy
 
|name=Penguin
 
|name=Penguin
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|image=Emperor penguins.jpg
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|image=Gentoo penguin 1.jpg
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|caption=
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|caption=Gentoo penguin<br/>''Pygoscelis papua''
 
|domain=Eukaryota
 
|domain=Eukaryota
 
|kingdom=Animalia
 
|kingdom=Animalia
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|conservation=
 
|conservation=
 
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}}
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A number of kinds of flightless seabirds found in the southern hemisphere, '''penguins''' are actively swimming predators, feeding on [[fish]] and [[squid]]. Adelie penguins have been recorded diving to depths of over 2,000 feet.
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===Phylogeny===
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*Family Spheniscidae
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In addition to the huge colonies found on many islands of the sub-Antarctic, penguins are found in [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], [[South Africa]], and continental South America.  The most northerly variety is the [[Gal&aacute;pagos Islands|Gal&aacute;pagos]] penguin.
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:Subfamily Spheniscinae
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::Genus ''Aptenodytes''
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The largest type is the [[Emperor penguin]] which nests on the [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] continent and grows up to four feet tall, but remains of [[fossil]] penguins as tall as a man have been found.
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:::[[Emperor penguin]], ''Aptenodytes forsteri''
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:::[[King penguin]], ''Aptenodytes patagonicus''
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Penguins normally have very sleek feathers designed to allow them to swim very fast. King Penguin chicks, however, do not need to swim as their parents fetch all their food for them. What they do need is to keep warm, so their feathers are brown and woolly, not at all like their adult feathers. For this reason, early antarctic explorers wrongly decided that they were a separate species from their parents and christened them "woolly penguins". <ref>http://www.siec.k12.in.us/~west/proj/penguins/king.html</ref>
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::Genus ''Eudyptes''
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:::[[Chatham penguin]], ''Eudyptes chathamensis'' (extinct)
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Penguins are eaten at sea by leopard seals and [[orca|killer whale]]s, and on land can fall prey to Antarctic [[skua]]s and feral [[cat]]s. Historically they were commercially processed into oil by enterprises on numerous sub-Antarctic islands.
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:::[[Eastern rockhopper penguin]], ''Eudyptes filholi''
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:::[[Erect-crested penguin]], ''Eudyptes sclateri''
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==Penguin mating habits==
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:::[[Fiordland crested penguin]], ''Eudyptes pachyrynchus''
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:::[[Macaroni penguin]], ''Eudyptes chrysolophus''
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Emperor Penguins are only faithful to their mate for the length of the breeding season. This is necessary, as it requires the undivided attention of both parents to raise a chick in such a hostile environment. However, once the breeding season is over, as few as 15% remain with the same breeding partner and, at times, this rate of fidelity can even drop as low as 5%.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/08/0819_050819_march_penguins_2.html</ref>
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:::[[Northern rockhopper penguin]], ''Eudyptes moseleyi''
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:::[[Royal penguin]], ''Eudyptes schlegeli''
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Roy and Silo, two male [[homosexual]] birds in the penguin enclosure at New York's Central Park Zoo, built a nest, incubated an egg, and successfully raised a chick. They exhibited courting behaviour, built a nest together, and ignored all the advances from female penguins. When keepers gave them a fake egg to look after, they behaved like model parents. So, when another breeding pair stopped looking after one of their eggs, the keepers gave it to Roy and Silo who successfully hatched it and raised a chick called Tango. However, the following season Silo left Roy and mated with a female penguin named Scrappy who'd just transferred in from Sea World Zoo in San Diego. <ref> http://www.drthrockmorton.com/article.asp?id=164</ref>
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:::[[Snares crested penguin]], ''Eudyptes robustus''
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:::[[Western rockhopper penguin]], ''Eudyptes chrysocome''
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::Genus ''Eudyptula''
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:::[[Little penguin]], ''Eudyptula minor''
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::Genus ''Megadyptes''
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:::[[Waitaha penguin]], ''Megadyptes waitaha'' (extinct)
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:::[[Yellow-eyed penguin]], ''Megadyptes antipodes''
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::Genus ''Pygoscelis''
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:::[[Adelie penguin]], ''Pygoscelis adeliae''
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:::[[Chinstrap penguin]], ''Pygoscelis antarctica''
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:::[[Gentoo penguin]], ''Pygoscelis papua''
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::Genus ''Spheniscus''
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:::[[African penguin]], ''Spheniscus demersus''
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:::[[Galapagos penguin]], ''Spheniscus mendiculus''
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:::[[Humboldt penguin]], ''Spheniscus humboldti''
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:::[[Magellanic penguin]], ''Spheniscus magellanicus''
  
 
==References==
 
==References==

Revision as of 07:11, November 7, 2013

Penguin
Gentoo penguin 1.jpg
Gentoo penguin
Pygoscelis papua
Scientific classification
Kingdom Information
Domain Eukaryota
Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Phylum Information
Superphylum Deuterostomia
Phylum Chordata
Sub-phylum Vertebrata
Infraphylum Gnathostomata
Class Information
Superclass Tetrapoda
Class Aves
Sub-class Neornithes
Infra-class Neognathae
Order Information
Order Spheniciformes
Family Information
Family Spheniscidae
Genus Information
Genera Aptenodytes
Eudyptes
Eudyptula
Megadyptes
Pygoscelis
Spheniscus
Population statistics

Phylogeny

  • Family Spheniscidae
Subfamily Spheniscinae
Genus Aptenodytes
Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri
King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus
Genus Eudyptes
Chatham penguin, Eudyptes chathamensis (extinct)
Eastern rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes filholi
Erect-crested penguin, Eudyptes sclateri
Fiordland crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrynchus
Macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus
Northern rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes moseleyi
Royal penguin, Eudyptes schlegeli
Snares crested penguin, Eudyptes robustus
Western rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes chrysocome
Genus Eudyptula
Little penguin, Eudyptula minor
Genus Megadyptes
Waitaha penguin, Megadyptes waitaha (extinct)
Yellow-eyed penguin, Megadyptes antipodes
Genus Pygoscelis
Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae
Chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarctica
Gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua
Genus Spheniscus
African penguin, Spheniscus demersus
Galapagos penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus
Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti
Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus

References

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