Algebra

Algebra is a branch of mathematics. It is the study of relationships between numbers and forms one of the two most basics parts of mathematics, the other being geometry, the study of relationships in space. It involves finding an unknown answer to a mathematical problem. It is a generalization of arithmetic in which letters stand for numbers in order to accomplish this purpose. It was invented in ancient times by a Persian astronomer named al-Khwarizmi.

Ordinary arithmetic deals with specific numbers, treated individually: 4 + 7 = 11.

Algebra uses letters that stand for numbers. These letters are called variables. For example,

x + y = 11

By using variables, algebra can go beyond individual number facts and express general relationships between sets of numbers. Thus, the equation above represents every pair of numbers that add up to 11:

• x could be 4 and y could be 7
• x could be 5 and y could be 6
• x could be 10 and y could be 1.

Algebra as a "gatekeeper subject"

Algebra is part of the "mental furniture" of scientists, engineers, and economists and is used throughout college courses in these subjects. It forms part of the conceptual background, even when no equations appear on the textbook page. As such, algebra is often described as a "gatekeeper course.". Problems with algebra can bar the door to a wide range of interesting career options.

Some students who are able to relate to the visual nature of geometry suffer "math anxiety" when confronted with the pure abstractions and symbolism of algebra. High school students who feel they are "just not mathematical," don't "get" algebra and never will, should discuss the possibility of "math anxiety" with their parents.