Difference between revisions of "Claude Monet"

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[[Image:Monet.jpg|right|thumb|Monet]]
 
[[Image:Monet.jpg|right|thumb|Monet]]
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'''Claude Monet''' (November 14, 1840 – December 5, 1926) was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise.
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'''Claude Monet''' (1840-1926) was a French painter and the "founder of impressionism" who became known for his landscapes and for series of paintings showing changes under different aspects of light and atmosphere during different times of day and year. Some of the most well known of the series are "Water Lilies" and "Haystacks".  
  
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==Early Life==
 
  
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Monet was born on November 14, 1840 on the fifth floor of 45 rue Laffitte, in the ninth arrondissement of Paris. He was the second son of Claude-Adolphe and Louise-Justine Aubrée Monet, both of them second-generation Parisians. On May 20, 1841, he was baptized in local parish church, Notre-Dame-de-Lorette as Oscar-Claude. In 1845, his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy. His father wanted him to go into the family grocery store business, but Claude Monet wanted to become an artist. His mother was a singer.
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== Childhood ==
  
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On the first of April, 1851 Monet entered the Le Havre secondary school of the arts. He first became known locally for his charcoal caricatures, which he would sell for ten to twenty francs. Monet also undertook his first drawing lessons from Jacques-Francois Ochard, a former student of Jacques-Louis David. On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856/1857 he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints. Boudin taught Monet "en plein air" (outdoor) techniques for painting.
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Oscar-Claude Monet was born November 14, 1840, in Paris, France, the second son of Claude-Adolphe and Louise-Justine Aubrée Monet. <ref> http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_165.html </ref>
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When he was five years old his family moved to the Normandy coastal town of Le Havre, where he spent his childhood. His father worked as a grocer and ship chandler. Monet's mother died in 1857 when he was 17 years old. <ref> http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Monet_Selden_MS_05 </ref>
  
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On 28 January 1857 his mother died. Now 16 years old he left school, and his widowed childless aunt, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre, took him into her home.
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== Adulthood ==
  
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==Paris==
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Monet met an artist named Eugene Boudin who encouraged him to paint outdoors, and make nature his subject. Monet entered Atelier Suisse in Paris where he first studied painting. In 1860 he spent two years in compulsory military service in Algiers, until he became ill and returned to France. <ref> http://www.artofmonet.com </ref>
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[[Image:Monet garden.jpg|right]]
 
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When Monet traveled to Paris to visit The Louvre, he witnessed painters copying from the old masters. Monet, having brought his paints and other tools with him, would instead go and sit by a window and paint what he saw. Monet was in Paris for several years and met several painters who would become friends and fellow impressionists. One of those friends was Édouard Manet.
 
  
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In June of 1861 Monet joined the First Regiment of African Light Cavalry in Algeria for two years of a seven-year commitment, but upon his contracting typhoid his aunt Madame Lecadre intervened to get him out of the army if he agreed to complete an art course at a university. It is possible that the Dutch painter Johan Barthold Jongkind, whom Monet knew, may have prompted his aunt on this matter. Disillusioned with the traditional art taught at universities, in 1862 Monet became a student of Charles Gleyre in Paris, where he met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frederic Bazille, and Alfred Sisley. Together they shared new approaches to art, painting the effects of light en plein air with broken color and rapid brushstrokes, in what later came to be known as Impressionism.
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== Artistic Career ==
  
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Monet's 1866 Camille or The Woman in the Green Dress (La Femme à la Robe Verte), which brought him recognition, was one of many works featuring his future wife, Camille Doncieux. Shortly thereafter Doncieux became pregnant and bore their first child, Jean. In 1868, due to financial reasons, Monet attempted suicide by throwing himself into the Seine.
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In 1862 he entered the studio of Gleyre in Paris where he became friends with painters who would also become known as impressionists, Pissarro, Cézanne, Renoir, Degas, Sisley, and Bazille.  
  
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==Franco-Prussian War==
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In 1867 his first child, a son named Jean, was born to Monet and his girlfriend Camille-Léonie Doncieux. They were married 3 years later, in 1870. Their second child, a son, Michel, was born in 1878.
  
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During the Franco-Prussian War (1870 - 1871), Monet took refuge in England.[5] While there he studied the works of John Constable and Joseph Mallord William Turner, both of whose landscapes would serve to inspire Monet's innovations in the study of color.  
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Monet formed a group of artists in 1974 who called themselves the Société Anonyme des Artistes. Monet displayed his painting "Impression, Sunrise", at the group's first exhibition, and the name impressionist was first used for his style of painting, and was applied to his group of painters as well, who became known as "impressionists". <ref> http://academic.scranton.edu/student/KOSINSKIK2/Life.html </ref>
  
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From 1871 to 1878 Monet lived at Argenteuil, a village on the Seine near Paris, and here were painted some of his best known works.
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In 1878 Monet and his wife faced continuing financial difficulties and moved in with his former patron Ernest Hoschedé. Monet's wife Camille died of tuberculosis in 1879, and Monet and his children continued to live in the Hoschedé household.
  
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Upon returning to France, in 1872 (or 1873) he painted Impression, Sunrise (Impression: soleil levant) depicting a Le Havre landscape. It hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874 and is now displayed in the Musée Marmottan-Monet, Paris. From the painting's title, art critic Louis Leroy coined the term "Impressionism", which he intended to be derogatory, however the Impressionists appropriated the term for themselves.
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Monet continued to paint and his work became well known and popular, and by 1890, Monet had accumulated enough funds to buy his own house in Giverny, and added a water-lily garden and Japanese bridge that became the subject of several of his paintings.
  
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==Later life==
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In 1892, after Ernest Hoschedé died, Monet and his widow Alice Hoschedé married. During his later years, Monet's vision declined, and over time he became almost blind, but still continued to paint.
  
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In 1870, Monet and Doncieux married and in 1873 moved into a house in Argenteuil near the Seine River. They had a son, Michel, on March 17, 1878. Madame Monet died of tuberculosis in 1879.
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Claude Monet died in his house at Giverny on Dec. 5, 1926 at the age of 86. His paintings are shown in large galleries including the Louvre, the Marmottan, the National Gallery in London, and in the United States, at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
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Alice Hoschedé decided to help Monet by bringing up his two children together with her own. They lived in Poissy. In April 1883 they moved to a house in Giverny, Eure, in Haute-Normandie, where he planted a large garden which he painted for the rest of his life. Monet and Alice Hoschedé married in 1892.
 
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In the 1880s and 1890s, Monet began "series" paintings, in which a subject was depicted in varying light and weather conditions. His first series exhibited as such was of Haystacks, painted from different points of view and at different times of the day. Fifteen of the paintings were exhibited at the Durand-Ruel in 1891. He later produced series of paintings of Rouen Cathedral, poplars, the Houses of Parliament, mornings on the Seine, and the waterlilies on his property at Giverny.
 
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Monet was exceptionally fond of painting controlled nature: his own garden in Giverny, with its water lilies, pond, and bridge. He also painted up and down the banks of the Seine.
 
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Between 1883 and 1908, Monet traveled to the Mediterranean, where he painted landmarks, landscapes, and seascapes, such as Bordighera. He painted an important series of paintings in Venice, Italy, and in London he painted two important series - views of Parliament and views of Charing Cross Bridge. His wife Alice died in 1911 and his son Jean died in 1914.
 
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==Death==
 
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Monet died of lung cancer on December 5, 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery. Monet had insisted that the occasion be simple; thus, only about fifty people attended the ceremony. His famous home and garden with its waterlily pond and bridge at Giverny are a popular draw card for tourists. In the house there are many examples of Japanese woodcut prints on the walls.
 
  
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==References==
  
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<references/>
  
 
[[Category:Artists|Monet, Claude]]
 
[[Category:Artists|Monet, Claude]]

Revision as of 08:29, May 25, 2007

Monet

Claude Monet (1840-1926) was a French painter and the "founder of impressionism" who became known for his landscapes and for series of paintings showing changes under different aspects of light and atmosphere during different times of day and year. Some of the most well known of the series are "Water Lilies" and "Haystacks".


Childhood

Oscar-Claude Monet was born November 14, 1840, in Paris, France, the second son of Claude-Adolphe and Louise-Justine Aubrée Monet. [1] When he was five years old his family moved to the Normandy coastal town of Le Havre, where he spent his childhood. His father worked as a grocer and ship chandler. Monet's mother died in 1857 when he was 17 years old. [2]

Adulthood

Monet met an artist named Eugene Boudin who encouraged him to paint outdoors, and make nature his subject. Monet entered Atelier Suisse in Paris where he first studied painting. In 1860 he spent two years in compulsory military service in Algiers, until he became ill and returned to France. [3]

Artistic Career

In 1862 he entered the studio of Gleyre in Paris where he became friends with painters who would also become known as impressionists, Pissarro, Cézanne, Renoir, Degas, Sisley, and Bazille.

In 1867 his first child, a son named Jean, was born to Monet and his girlfriend Camille-Léonie Doncieux. They were married 3 years later, in 1870. Their second child, a son, Michel, was born in 1878.

Monet formed a group of artists in 1974 who called themselves the Société Anonyme des Artistes. Monet displayed his painting "Impression, Sunrise", at the group's first exhibition, and the name impressionist was first used for his style of painting, and was applied to his group of painters as well, who became known as "impressionists". [4]

In 1878 Monet and his wife faced continuing financial difficulties and moved in with his former patron Ernest Hoschedé. Monet's wife Camille died of tuberculosis in 1879, and Monet and his children continued to live in the Hoschedé household.

Monet continued to paint and his work became well known and popular, and by 1890, Monet had accumulated enough funds to buy his own house in Giverny, and added a water-lily garden and Japanese bridge that became the subject of several of his paintings.

In 1892, after Ernest Hoschedé died, Monet and his widow Alice Hoschedé married. During his later years, Monet's vision declined, and over time he became almost blind, but still continued to paint.

Claude Monet died in his house at Giverny on Dec. 5, 1926 at the age of 86. His paintings are shown in large galleries including the Louvre, the Marmottan, the National Gallery in London, and in the United States, at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_165.html
  2. ↑ http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Monet_Selden_MS_05
  3. ↑ http://www.artofmonet.com
  4. ↑ http://academic.scranton.edu/student/KOSINSKIK2/Life.html
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