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→Judicial
**In some of the larger counties, the Legislature has established separate Probate Courts to hear [[probate]] matters, eminent domain cases, and mental illness commitments.
**In some of the larger counties, the Legislature has established separate Probate Courts to hear [[probate]] matters, eminent domain cases, and mental illness commitments.
**The Legislature may designate a specific County or District Court to hear specific issues, either exclusively or preferentially over other matters. This is most common in the larger counties where a court may be designated to hear criminal or family law cases.
**The Legislature may designate a specific County or District Court to hear specific issues, either exclusively or preferentially over other matters. This is most common in the larger counties where a court may be designated to hear criminal or family law cases.
**Texas has also added a specialized Business Court; to hear certain matters involving business disputes not pertaining to the ordinary course of business (an example would be a dispute between owners of a closely held corporation).
The three levels of appellate courts are:
The three levels of appellate courts are:
*Courts of Appeals, which hear appeals from County Courts and District Courts (except for capital felony cases where a death sentence was imposed),
*Courts of Appeals, which hear appeals from County Courts and District Courts (except for capital felony cases where a death sentence was imposed),
**The structure of these courts is confusing in some areas. The 1st and 14th Courts of Appeals cover the same counties, both are seated in Houston, and appeals from the County and District Courts are randomly assigned between them. Also, five counties within the 6th Court of Appeals are also within the geographical boundaries of other Courts (Hunt County is also in the 5th Court, the others are also in the 12th Court).
**The structure of these courts is confusing in some areas. The 1st and 14th Courts of Appeals cover the same counties, both are seated in Houston, and appeals from the County and District Courts are randomly assigned between them. Also, five counties within the 6th Court of Appeals are also within the geographical boundaries of other Courts (Hunt County is also in the 5th Court, the others are also in the 12th Court). The 15th Court of Appeals handles specified matters (appeals from the Business Court and matters involving actions by a state agency).
*Court of Criminal Appeals, which hears criminal case appeals from the Courts of Appeals as well as any death sentences that are automatically appealed, and
*Court of Criminal Appeals, which hears criminal case appeals from the Courts of Appeals as well as any death sentences that are automatically appealed, and
*Supreme Court, which hears civil case appeals from the Courts of Appeals (this includes any juvenile cases even when a criminal act is involved; in those cases the Supreme Court will defer to prior rulings of the Court of Criminal Appeals).
*Supreme Court, which hears civil case appeals from the Courts of Appeals (this includes any juvenile cases even when a criminal act is involved; in those cases, the Supreme Court will defer to prior rulings of the Court of Criminal Appeals).
**The bifurcated nature of the top court exists only in neighboring [[Oklahoma]].
==Recent politics==
==Recent politics==