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'''Down syndrome''' (also written as '''Down's syndrome''', technical name '''Trisomy 21'''<ref>http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm</ref>) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of [[chromosome]] 21. The greatest risk factor for having a child with Down syndrome is increased maternal (and, to a lesser extent, paternal) age.  

'''Down syndrome''' (also written as '''Down's syndrome''', technical name '''Trisomy 21'''<ref>http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm</ref>) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of [[chromosome]] 21. IT is the most common syndrome caused by chromosomal abnormalities in human beings. The greatest risk factor for having a child with Down syndrome is increased maternal (and, to a lesser extent, paternal) age.  

The name comes from [[British]] [[physician]] [[John Langdom Down]], who described the syndrome in his [[1862]] paper, "Observations on an Ethnic Classification of Idiots". Down conjectured that the syndrome was a "degeneracy" of [[caucasians]] to [[mongols]] (the [[mongolian]] race was  one of the five racial classifications commonly used at the time), and the term '''mongolism''' was inpired by his paper.  Currently, the terms "mongolism" and "mongoloid" are considered offensive. <!-- reference:  

The name comes from [[British]] [[physician]] [[John Langdom Down]], who described the syndrome in his [[1862]] paper, "Observations on an Ethnic Classification of Idiots". Down conjectured that the syndrome was a "degeneracy" of [[caucasians]] to [[mongols]] (the [[mongolian]] race was  one of the five racial classifications commonly used at the time), and the term '''mongolism''' was inpired by his paper.  Currently, the terms "mongolism" and "mongoloid" are considered offensive. <!-- reference: