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World History Study Guide to 1648

101 bytes added, 07:21, February 13, 2014
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|[[Rosetta Stone]]
|ancient text written on stone in three different languages, which enabled the first translations of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
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|[[Royal Road]]
|ancient Persian highway rebuilt by Darius the Great.
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|[[samurai]]
|elite warriors of feudalistic Japan who followed a special honor code called Bushido.
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|[[Saul]]
|1010 BC: the first king of Israel, appointed by God; Saul was a flawed man, jealous of David.
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|[[Satraps]]
|Governors in the distant lands of the Persian empire, which extended to Egypt and Arabia, who were carefully watched by the "King's Eyes and Ears" soldiers to prevent rebellions.
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|[[scholasticism]]
|Christian philosophy from the AD 900s-1500s that developed logic in the direction of God.
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|[[scientific revolution]]
|The beginning of modern science in the AD mid-1500s, starting with the recognition by Copernicus that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
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|[[Second Punic War]]
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|[[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]
|a listing of the most impressive public works in the world, written by Greek writer Antipater in the 2nd century BC (200-100 BC).
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|[[Shang Dynasty]]
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|[[Shiite Muslims]]
|fundamentalist Muslims who are considered more aggressive than Sunni Muslims.
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|[[Shinto]]
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|[[shogun]]
|a feudalistic military ruler of Japan.
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|[[Siddhartha Gautama]]
|560?-480? BC: the Buddha, and the founder of the religion of Buddhism .
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|[[Silk Road]]
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|[[Socratic method]]
|A teaching method developed by [[Socrates]], which consists of asking many questions as a way of leading students to the correct answer; this method is used today in law schools.
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|[[Solomon]]
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|[[Solon of Athens]]
|630-560 BC: One of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece, who believed that one should "keep everything with moderation."
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|[[Sparta]]
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|[[Spread of Buddhism]]
|Buddhism traveled outside of India along the Silk Road.
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|[[St. Augustine]]
|(AD 354-430) a father of the early Christian church who wrote intellectual discussions of the faith entitled ''Confessions'', ''City of God'', and ''On Christian Doctrine''.
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|[[Sumer]]
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|[[Sunni Muslims]]
|moderate Muslims who oppose the more aggressive Shiite Muslims.
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|[[Sumerians]]
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|[[Taoism (Daoism)]]
|Chinese philosophy of seeking harmony with nature by recognizing that two major forces are opposed to each other.
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|[[Ten Commandments]]
|the laws of the God of Israel handed down to Moses.
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|[[Theocracy]]
|a government ruled by the laws of a specific religion, as in some Muslim nations today.
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|[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|(AD 1225–1274) : A brilliant medieval priest who merged Aristotle's insights with Christian faith, and wrote ''Summa Theologica'' as a summary of Christian theology that is studied even today.
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|[[Third Punic War]]
|Romans conquered and destroyed Carthage in 146 BC and then went into Macedonia and Greece to defeat them in revenge for having helped Hannibal; Rome then controlled the entire western civilized world (all the land around the Mediterranean).
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|[[Thucydides]]
|460-395 BC: Greek historian who wrote ''History of the Peloponnesian War''.
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|[[Toltecs]]
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|[[Troy]]
|an ancient city whose destruction was recorded in the Iliad, and its survivors supposedly helped found Rome.
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|[[Tutankhamen]]
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|[[Valentine]]
|AD 269: A Christian martyr, Valentine is honored by our present-day holiday, Saint Valentine's dayDay. He was a physician who also conducted marriages contrary to Roman law (marriage was outlawed so that more men would be free to join the army). Before he died was executed by Romans on February 14th, he left a note for the jailer's daughter--the very first valentine.
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|[[Vassals]]
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|[[Vedas]]
|Holy books of Hinduism.
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|[[Virgil]]
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|[[Vulgate]]
|AD 400: The Latin translation by Saint Jerome of the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. It was then used as the authoritative Bible for over the next 1000 years.
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|[[Warring States Period]]
|475-221 BC: war period in ancient China also known for the philosophical schools that flourished .
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|[[Wheel]]
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