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| − | '''Terrorism''' is defined by the US [[Department of Defense]] as "''the unlawful use of -- or threatened use of -- force or violence against individuals or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies, often to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives.''"
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| − | The government definition, however, is too narrow. [[Atheist]]ic terrorism consists of publicity-seeking acts of murder, such as that at [[Columbine High School]], consistent with [[existentialism]] or [[nihilism]], which do not necessarily seek to intimidate or coerce government. [[Environmentalist]] terrorism consists of the destruction of property in a manner designed to bring free publicity to the movement.
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| − | ==Terrorist==
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| − | One who uses [[terroristic tactics]] to coerce behavior in another person or group is generally considered to fall under the definition of the term "terrorist". One who uses such terroristic tactics ([[suicide bombing]], [[sniper]], [[assassination]], [[random bombing]], etc.) can often be described as such. Aeroflight in the UK [http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/definitions.htm], defines it as: ''"One who utilizes the systematic use of violence and/or intimidation to achieve political objectives, while disguised as a civilian non-combatant. The use of a civilian disguise while on operations exempts the perpetrator from protection under the [[Geneva Convention]]s, and consequently if captured they are liable for prosecution as common criminals."''
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| − | ==Terrorism==
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| − | Terrorism is the use of terror (fear), violence, and intimidation to achieve an end. Terrorism also refers to any fear and subjugation produced by this. The term is also used to describe violence or other harmful acts committed (or threatened) against civilians by groups or persons for political or ideological goals. Terrorism is the unlawful use or threatened use, of force, ''intimidation'', and/or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons.
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| − | ===Leftist (Radical) Terrorism===
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| − | [[Leftist]] Terrorism, often referred to as radical terrorism, is terrorism that embraces the fringe left side of the political spectrum (Countries that are hostile to dissident terrorist movements often also see violence from the far left as well). Radical terrorists are future orientated. That is, radicals believe that they are currently being oppressed by some current government, ideology or regime, and therefore they should overthrow that oppressor and install a better government. Radical terrorists often operate with the belief that it is possible to create a utopia for the people. Radicals generally follow the beliefs of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Lenin]], with emphasis on the idea of Lenin's [[vanguard party]]. Marx himself had also advocated for Revolutionary Terror in one of his correspondences with fellow Communist founder [[Friedrich Engels]] and specifically wanted to reenact the year 1793 (fitting, as the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror via the Jacobins, Gironquists, and Cordeliers Club among others were the ones who coined the term terrorism). Leftist terrorists often choose symbolic targets that emphasize what they see as an oppressor to the working class. Leftist terrorist tend to target buildings and governmental structures that represent [[capitalism]], or assassinate government leaders and capitalists. Leftist terrorists are self-characterized as the young, self-educated elites of society, who are destined to both weaken the oppressive government and at the same time expose the weakness of the government to the exploited workforce. Radicals also tend to be more exclusive with what issues they champion. Often, very narrow radicals will focus on one issue, resulting in [[animal rights]], [[feminist]], and eco-terrorists. Radical groups often operated in highly organized and clandestine groups, easily recognizable and orderly. However, leftist groups often had internal divisions in the larger groups that often broke off to create new group.<ref>Gus Martin. Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues.</ref>
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| − | ====Famous Radical Groups====
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| − | *[[Al-Qaeda]]
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| − | *[[Animal Liberation Front]]
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| − | *[[Cordeliers Club]]
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| − | *[[Earth Liberation Front]]
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| − | *[[Front de libération du Québec]]
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| − | *[[Girondins]]
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| − | *[[Irish Republican Army]]
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| − | *[[Jacobins]]
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| − | *[[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]]
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| − | *[[Ku Klux Klan]]
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| − | *[[May 19th Communist Organization]]
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| − | *[[Muslim Brotherhood]]
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| − | *[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee]]
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| − | *[[Red Army Faction]]
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| − | *[[Revolutionary Organization 17 November]]
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| − | *[[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
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| − | *[[Weather Underground Organization]]
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| − | *[[Youth International Party]]
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| − | ===Right (Reactionary) Terrorism===
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| − | Historically, reactionary terrorism has been less organized and less symbolic than leftist terrorists. Reactionary terrorists, like radical terrorists, see the current government as corrupt, but unlike radical leftists, reactionaries do not see the current government as needing revolutionary change. Rather, reactionaries view the government as a perversion of some older, better, government or social order. Reactionary terrorist violence is an attempt to regain the lost government and return to "order" and status quo. Reactionary violence is often justified by a use of mysticism about the old order. Scapegoating is a common tactic among reactionary terrorists to create an enemy for which to blame for the current order. Historical scapegoats among reactionary terrorists have included [[Jew]]s, foreigners, [[homosexual]]s, [[atheist]]s, leftists, blacks, [[illegal immigrant]]s, and other racial minorities. Reactionary groups often defined by racial supremacy and a sense of order. Goals of reactionary terrorist include the delegation of minorities back to secondary status with respect to the national majority and a creation of a strong government to sustain order and prevent chaos through a police state. It should be noted however that due to conspiracy theories prevalence in the American fringe right, American reactionaries do not seek the creation of a strong government. Reactionaries often act as individuals or small groups and are not as discriminate with their targets as are leftist groups. This is partially due to the lack of unity between reactionaries and the scope of reactionary targets, often encompassing entire races.<ref>Gus Martin. Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues.</ref>
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| − | ====Famous Reactionary Groups====
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| − | *[[Skinheads]]
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| − | *[[New Order]]
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| − | == Domestic terrorists ==
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| − | In describing domestic terrorism before the House Resources Committee on February 12, 2002, James F. Jarboe, Domestic Terrorism Section Chief of the FBI's Counterterrorism Division, stated:
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| − | :''"Domestic terrorism is the unlawful use, or threatened use, of violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States (or its territories) without foreign direction, committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. During the past decade we have witnessed dramatic changes in the nature of the terrorist threat. In the 1990s, right-wing extremism overtook left-wing terrorism as the most dangerous domestic terrorist threat to the country. During the past several years, special interest extremism, as characterized by the [[Animal Liberation Front]] (ALF) and the [[Earth Liberation Front]] (ELF), has emerged as a serious terrorist threat. Generally, extremist groups engage in much activity that is protected by constitutional guarantees of free speech and assembly. Law enforcement becomes involved when the volatile talk of these groups transgresses into unlawful action. The FBI estimates that the ALF/ELF have committed more than 600 criminal acts in the United States since 1996, resulting in damages in excess of 43 million dollars."'' [http://www.fbi.gov/congress/congress02/jarboe021202.htm]
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| − | The following organizations have been accused by the FBI of being involved with domestic terrorism:
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| − | *[[Animal Liberation Front]]
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| − | *[[Black Liberation Army]]
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| − | *[[Earth Liberation Front]]
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| − | *[[Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional]] (FALN)
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| − | *[[Ku Klux Klan]]
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| − | *[[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
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| − | *[[Army of God]]
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| − | *[[Weather Underground]]
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| − | == International ==
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| − | *[[Al-Qaeda]]
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| − | *[[PIRA]]
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| − | *[[Hamas]]
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| − | ==Terrorism and the Media==
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| − | The prime goal of any terrorist is [[mass media]] exposure. Terrorism cannot recruit new initiates like regular armies, rather when they run out of discontented radicals within their state, they must rely on the media to spread their message. Therefore, media outlets and the press must be careful when choosing a story, as often running a story about a terrorist attack just creates more support for a terrorist cause.
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| − | == Groups Considered by the United States to be Terrorist Organizations ==
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| − | <ref>http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm</ref>
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| − | *[[Abu Nidal Organization]]
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| − | *[[Abu Sayyaf]]
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| − | *[[Aum Shinrikyo]]
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| − | *[[ETA]]
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| − | *[[Gama’a al-Islamiyya]]
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| − | *[[Hamas]]
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| − | *[[Harakat ul-Mujahidin]]
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| − | *[[Hizballah]]
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| − | *[[Kahane Chai]]
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| − | *[[PKK]]
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| − | *[[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]
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| − | *[[National Liberation Army]]
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| − | *[[Palestine Liberation Front]]
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| − | *[[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]]
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| − | *[[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
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| − | *[[PFLP-General Command]]
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| − | *[[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]]
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| − | *[[Revolutionary Organization 17 November]]
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| − | *[[Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front]]
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| − | *[[Shining Path]]
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| − | *[[Al-Qaeda]]
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| − | *[[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]]
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| − | *[[Real Irish Republican Army]]
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| − | *[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
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| − | *[[Lashkar-e Tayyiba]]
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| − | *[[Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade]]
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| − | *[[Asbat al-Ansar]]
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| − | *[[al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb]]
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| − | *[[Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army]]
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| − | *[[Jemaah Islamiya]]
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| − | *[[Lashkar i Jhangvi]]
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| − | *[[Ansar al-Islam]]
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| − | *[[Continuity Irish Republican Army]]
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| − | *[[Libyan Islamic Fighting Group]]
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| − | *[[al-Qaida in Iraq]]
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| − | *[[Islamic Jihad Union]]
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| − | *[[Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group]]
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| − | *[[Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh]]
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| − | *[[al-Shabaab]]
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| − | *[[Revolutionary Struggle]]
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| − | *[[Kata'ib Hizballah]]
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| − | *[[al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula]]
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| − | *[[Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami]]
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| − | *[[Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan]]
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| − | *[[Jundallah]]
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| − | *[[Army of Islam]]
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| − | *[[Indian Mujahedeen]]
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| − | *[[Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid]]
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| − | *[[Abdallah Azzam Brigades]]
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| − | *[[Haqqani Network]]
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| − | *[[Ansar al-Dine]]
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| − | *[[Boko Haram]]
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| − | *[[Ansaru]]
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| − | *[[al-Mulathamun Battalion]]
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| − | *[[Ansar al-Shari'a in Benghazi]]
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| − | *[[Ansar al-Shari'a in Darnah]]
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| − | *[[Ansar al-Shari'a in Tunisia]]
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| − | *[[Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis]]
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| − | *[[al-Nusrah Front]]
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| − | *[[Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem]]
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| − | ==Groups directly or indirectly supporting terrorists==
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| − | The following organizations within the United States have either directly supported terrorist organizations worldwide through the use of money contributions or media influence, or have prevented enforcement of the laws on the books via court petitions and lawsuits:
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| − | *[[Noraid]]
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| − | == Groups receiving CIA support ==
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| − | The American CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) has the stated objective of ''"Conducting covert action at the direction of the President to preempt threats or achieve US policy objectives."''[https://www.cia.gov/cia/information/mission.html]. Over the course of its well-documented history, this has involved the establishment, funding and organization of various organizations some have regarded as terrorist, including:
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| − | *[[Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti]] (FRAPH).<ref>Reed Lindsay,[http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,1163909,00.html ''Cold War returns to US backyard''], The Observer, March 7, 2004</ref>
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| − | == War on terror ==
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| − | ===Fighting terrorism===
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| − | *[http://lightonthings.blogspot.com#fight The Reality Show - The Watch the Fight] links to many sites that deal with the 'war on terror'.
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| − | *[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] has compiled a [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,335500,00.html list of known terror plots] thwarted by the U.S. government since Sept. 11, 2001.
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]
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| − | *[[September 11, 2001 attacks]]
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| − | *[[June 2007 UK terror attacks]]
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| − | *[[Osama Bin Laden]]
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| − | *[[Homicide Bombers]]
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| − | *[[Pyroterrorism]]
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| − | *[[Baruch Goldstein]]
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| − | *[[Arbi Barayev]]
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | *[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/guideDesc.asp?is_campus_support=1 DiscoverTheNetworks.org - Campus Support For Terrorism]
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| − | *[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/terrorism/ What Liberals Say - Category: Terrorism], [[Accuracy In Media]]
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7v1C0VUhyA A Hamas made video of one of their suicide bomber operations]
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOVhTFOPKxc&feature=related Failed suicide bombing attempt by anguishing 21 year old woman]
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| − | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPU4UN03t7E&feature=related Failed suicide bombing attempt by 14 year old sent by his elders. His explanation why - because he was afraid of "the people" and because of "paradise"]
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| − | *[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.de/2013/04/two-flags-multiple-explosions-one-god.html Two Flags, Multiple Explosions, One God, and no Escape]
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| − | *[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.de/2013/04/two-flags-multiple-explosions-one-god.html Turkey's Islamic leader, Israel's Chief Rabbi, and Al Qaida's assassination attempt]
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| − | {{Terrorism}}
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| − | [[Category:Political Terms]]
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| − | [[Category:Terrorism]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{reflist|2}}
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| − | [[Category:Man-Made Disasters]]
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| − | [[Category:Threats]]
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| − | [[Category:Military Strategies and Concepts]]
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