Difference between revisions of "Ruthenium"

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{{Element | name=Ruthenium | symbol=Ru | anumber=44 | amass=101.07 amu | state=Solid | class=Transition Metals | cstructure=Hexagonal | color=Silvery-white | date=1844 | discname=Karl Klaus ''(Polish chemist Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated element 44 in 1807. However his work was never verified, and he later withdrew his claim.)'' | origname=From ''Ruthenia'', the Latin name of Russia. | uses=Used to harden [[platinum]] and [[palladium]]. Also used in eye treatments, fountain pen tips, and electrical contacts. | obtained=Produced as a by-product of nickel refining. }}
 
{{Element | name=Ruthenium | symbol=Ru | anumber=44 | amass=101.07 amu | state=Solid | class=Transition Metals | cstructure=Hexagonal | color=Silvery-white | date=1844 | discname=Karl Klaus ''(Polish chemist Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated element 44 in 1807. However his work was never verified, and he later withdrew his claim.)'' | origname=From ''Ruthenia'', the Latin name of Russia. | uses=Used to harden [[platinum]] and [[palladium]]. Also used in eye treatments, fountain pen tips, and electrical contacts. | obtained=Produced as a by-product of nickel refining. }}
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'''Ruthenium''' ''(roo-THE-nee-em)'' is a shiny, silvery metal.
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==History==
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Jedrzej Sniadecki, a Polish chemist, discovered ruthenium in platinum ores from South America in May 1808, and called it vestium. However, French chemists tried to reproduce his work but were unable to find it in the platinum ore they had. Because of this, Sniadecki thought he must have been mistaken and took back his clam.<ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele044.html</ref>
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Then, Gottfried Osann investigated some platinum from the Ural mountains, and reported finding three new elements which he named pluranium, polinium, and ruthenium in 1825. While the first two of these were never verified, but the third was genuine. In 1840 Karl Karlovich Klaus extracted, purified, and confirmed it was a new metal. He chose to keep Osann’s name for it, ruthenium.<ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele044.html</ref><ref>http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html</ref>
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==Additional Properties==
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Melting Point: 4233&nbsp;°F (2334&nbsp;°C or 2607 K)
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Boiling Point: 7502&nbsp;°F (4150&nbsp;°C or 4423 K)
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Density: 12.1 grams per cubic centimeter<ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele044.html</ref>
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Ruthenium is believed to be carcinogenic (that is, it can cause [[cancer]]).  Also, Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is very toxic.<ref>http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html</ref>
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==Uses==
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Ruthenium is primarily used in making alloys.  Adding just 0.1% ruthenium to [[titanium]] makes the titanium 100 times more resistant to corrosion. Small amounts of ruthenium are added to [[platinum]] and [[palladium]] to strengthen them. These alloys are used in jewelry and in electrical contacts that must resist wear.  It is also useful as a catalyst is a number of chemical reactions.<ref>http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html</ref>
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==See also==
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* [[Precious metal]]
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==References==
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{{reflist|2}}
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==External links==
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*http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html
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*http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/44/ruthenium
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{{Periodic table}}
  
 
[[Category:Elements]]
 
[[Category:Elements]]
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[[Category:Metals]]
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[[Category:Precious Metals]]

Latest revision as of 02:41, September 8, 2016

Ruthenium
Properties
Atomic symbol Ru
Atomic number 44
Classification Transition Metals
Atomic mass 101.07 amu
Other Information
Date of discovery 1844
Name of discoverer Karl Klaus (Polish chemist Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated element 44 in 1807. However his work was never verified, and he later withdrew his claim.)
Name origin From Ruthenia, the Latin name of Russia.
Uses Used to harden platinum and palladium. Also used in eye treatments, fountain pen tips, and electrical contacts.
Obtained from Produced as a by-product of nickel refining.

Ruthenium (roo-THE-nee-em) is a shiny, silvery metal.

History

Jedrzej Sniadecki, a Polish chemist, discovered ruthenium in platinum ores from South America in May 1808, and called it vestium. However, French chemists tried to reproduce his work but were unable to find it in the platinum ore they had. Because of this, Sniadecki thought he must have been mistaken and took back his clam.[1]

Then, Gottfried Osann investigated some platinum from the Ural mountains, and reported finding three new elements which he named pluranium, polinium, and ruthenium in 1825. While the first two of these were never verified, but the third was genuine. In 1840 Karl Karlovich Klaus extracted, purified, and confirmed it was a new metal. He chose to keep Osann’s name for it, ruthenium.[2][3]

Additional Properties

Melting Point: 4233 °F (2334 °C or 2607 K)

Boiling Point: 7502 °F (4150 °C or 4423 K)

Density: 12.1 grams per cubic centimeter[4]

Ruthenium is believed to be carcinogenic (that is, it can cause cancer). Also, Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is very toxic.[5]

Uses

Ruthenium is primarily used in making alloys. Adding just 0.1% ruthenium to titanium makes the titanium 100 times more resistant to corrosion. Small amounts of ruthenium are added to platinum and palladium to strengthen them. These alloys are used in jewelry and in electrical contacts that must resist wear. It is also useful as a catalyst is a number of chemical reactions.[6]


See also

References

  1. ↑ http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele044.html
  2. ↑ http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele044.html
  3. ↑ http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html
  4. ↑ http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele044.html
  5. ↑ http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html
  6. ↑ http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html

External links

Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
H
1.008
2
He
4.003
3
Li
6.939
4
Be
9.0122
5
B
10.811
6
C
12.011
7
N
14.007
8
O
15.999
9
F
18.998
10
Ne
10.183
11
Na
22.99
12
Mg
24.312
13
Al
26.982
14
Si
28.086
15
P
30.974
16
S
32.064
17
Cl
35.453
18
Ar
39.948
19
K
39.102
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.956
22
Ti
47.9
23
V
50.942
24
Cr
51.996
25
Mn
54.938
26
Fe
55.847
27
Co
58.933
28
Ni
58.71
29
Cu
63.546
30
Zn
65.37
31
Ga
69.72
32
Ge
72.59
33
As
74.922
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.904
36
Kr
83.8
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.905
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.906
42
Mo
95.94
43
Tc
[97]
44
Ru
101.07
45
Rh
102.91
46
Pd
106.4
47
Ag
107.87
48
Cd
112.4
49
In
114.82
50
Sn
118.69
51
Sb
121.75
52
Te
127.6
53
I
126.9
54
Xe
131.3
55
Cs
132.91
56
Ba
137.34
57*
La
138.91
72
Hf
178.49
73
Ta
180.95
74
W
183.85
75
Re
186.2
76
Os
190.2
77
Ir
192.2
78
Pt
195.09
79
Au
196.97
80
Hg
200.59
81
Tl
204.37
82
Pb
207.19
83
Bi
208.98
84
Po
210
85
At
210
86
Rn
222
87
Fr
215
88
Ra
226.03
89**
Ac
227.03
104
Rf
[261]
105
Db
[262]
106
Sg
[266]
107
Bh
[264]
108
Hs
[265]
109
Mt
[268]
110
Dt
[271]
111
Rg
[272]
112
Cn
[277]
113
Nh
[284]
114
Fv
[289]
115
Mc
[288]
116
Lv
[292]
117
Ts
[293]
118
Og
[294]
 
*Lanthanides
58
Ce
140.12
59
Pr
140.91
60
Nd
144.24
61
Pm
145
62
Sm
150.35
63
Eu
151.96
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.92
66
Dy
162.5
67
Ho
164.93
68
Er
167.26
69
Tm
168.93
70
Yb
173.04
71
Lu
174.97
 
**Actinides
90
Th
232.04
91
Pa
231
92
U
238.03
93
Np
237.05
94
Pu
239.05
95
Am
241.06
96
Cm
244.06
97
Bk
249.08
98
Cf
252.08
99
Es
252.08
100
Fm
257.1
101
Md
258.1
102
No
259.1
103
Lr
262.11
 
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